UNDSLF-PRELIM-1 (3).pptx

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Understand the various aspects that constitute the self, including awareness, self- esteem, self-knowledge, and self-perception. Explain how sociology, anthropology, and psychology each view the development and understanding of the self. Unders...

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Understand the various aspects that constitute the self, including awareness, self- esteem, self-knowledge, and self-perception. Explain how sociology, anthropology, and psychology each view the development and understanding of the self. Understand and explain key philosophical perspectives on the self from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; and Identify and describe the three layers of the self (conscious, unconscious, preconscious) and the three parts of the psyche (id, ego, superego) according to Freud. WHAT IS SELF?  WHAT IS SELF? "Self" encompasses various aspects such as: Awareness Self-esteem Self-knowledge Self-perception “The self enables a person to adapt and change for social acceptance” In psychology, the self can be seen as: Cognitive: Intellectual activity and thought processes. Affective: Emotional responses and feelings. THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES HOW DO YOU KNOW YOURSELF? HOW DO YOU KNOW YOURSELF? Awareness of talents, weaknesses, and strengths. The question "Who am I?" seeks to understand the essence of self. Common responses: "It's me, my essence" or "It's what makes me unique." PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS SOCRATES (470-399 BC) SOCRATES (470-399 BC) Greek philosopher who shaped Western thought. Known through Plato and Xenophon. Socratic Method: Inquiry through questioning to gain understanding. SOCRATES (470-399 BC) Key Ideas: The soul is immortal. Philosophy's task is caring for the soul. Virtue is necessary for happiness. SOCRATES (470-399 BC) Famous quote: "The unexamined life is not worth living.“ Believed in self-knowledge for improving life and achieving happiness through virtue. PLATO (428-347 BC) PLATO (428-347 BC) Greek philosopher, student of Socrates. Known for the Theory of Forms. Believed the soul is the most divine aspect, enabling knowledge of Forms (ideas). PLATO (428-347 BC) Three Parts of the Soul: Appetitive: Sensual desires. Rational: Loves truth and reason. Spirited: Loves honor and victory. ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC) ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC) Greek philosopher, student of Plato, teacher of Alexander the Great. Believed the soul is the essence of living things and not separate from the body. ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC) Introduced three kinds of soul: Vegetative: Physical growth. Sentient: Sensual desires and emotions. Rational: Intellect, understanding, and rational thinking ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC) Happiness through virtuous actions, leading a fulfilling life MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHERS ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430 AD) ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430 AD) Integrated Christian theology with Platonic thought. Believed in the inner self as a reflection of God. Emphasized the importance of introspection and self-examination. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274 AD) ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430 AD) Combined Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine. Argued that the self is composed of both body and soul. Believed in rationality and divine illumination as means to understand the self. MODERN PHILOSOPHERS RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) Famous for "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"). Believed the self is a thinking entity distinct from the body. Emphasized doubt and reason as tools for understanding the self. RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) For short Rene Descartes believed that the origin of the self came from the mind. TO him, our mind held the essential components of who we are. Within our minds, we hold our consciousness, our understandings, and our feelings. JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) Proposed the theory of the mind as a "tabula rasa" (blank slate). Argued that personal identity is based on continuity of consciousness. IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) Distinguished between the "phenomenal" self (as experienced) and the "noumenal" self (as it is in itself). Emphasized the role of reason and autonomy in defining the self. SIGMUND FREUD SIGMUND FREUD Austrian psychoanalyst. Three layers of self: Conscious Self: Governed by reality, rational. Unconscious Self: Basic instincts, desires, governed by pleasure. Preconscious Self: Between conscious and unconscious, easily recalled. SIGMUND FREUD Three Parts of the Psyche: Id: Pleasure principle, immediate gratification. Ego: Reality principle, balancing desires with societal norms. Superego: Morality, striving for perfection. ▪ Superego Systems Conscience: Induces guilt. Ideal Self: Aspires for societal and personal ideals. SIGMUND FREUD Three Parts of the Psyche: Id: Pleasure principle, immediate gratification. Ego: Reality principle, balancing desires with societal norms. Superego: Morality, striving for perfection. SOCIOLOGICAL, ANTHROPOLOGICAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Sociological perspective Self is a product of social interactions and experiences. Anthropological Perspective Self is shaped by culture and society. Psychological Perspective Self has characteristics that describe it. Pioneers say the self is related to physical and social environments and is unique to experiences. WESTERN AND EASTERN PERSPECTIVE WESTERN AND EASTERN PERSPECTIVE West (Alan Watts): Self is distinct from the world, possessing internal distinction. East: Self is part of a community, like actors in a drama DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS? TAKE HOME ACTIVITY  TAKE HOME ACTIVITY Reflection paper: (minimum 800 words) Princess Protection Program, starring Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato (Please be guided with the following questions) a. How do the main characters differ at the beginning of the movie compared to the end? What significant events or interactions contribute to these changes? b. What are the primary themes of Princess Protection Program, and how are they conveyed through the story and characters? c.How has watching Princess Protection Program influenced your thoughts or feelings about friendship, identity, and overcoming challenges?  TAKE HOME ACTIVITY Reflection paper: (minimum 800 words) Kung Fu Panda 1 (Please be guided with the following questions) How does Po change from the beginning to the end of the movie? What key experiences contribute to his growth? How does Po's journey reflect the theme of self-acceptance? What lessons does he learn about believing in himself? How did Po's journey to self-belief resonate with you? Can you recall a time when you doubted your abilities but succeeded through perseverance?