Understanding The Self PDF

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF GEC 001 01 OVERVIEW OF THE SELF Nature vs Nurture Nature refers to all of the genes Self-discovery is a process of and hereditary factors that learning, understanding,...

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF GEC 001 01 OVERVIEW OF THE SELF Nature vs Nurture Nature refers to all of the genes Self-discovery is a process of and hereditary factors that learning, understanding, or influence who we are—from our knowing more about yourself. physical appearance to our personality characteristics. Self-awareness is your knowledge of yourself and your worth as a Nurture refers to all the person. Self-awareness is a result environmental variables that of doing self-discovery. impact who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how Concept and Nature of the Self we were raised, our social Name relationships, and our - Our names represent who surrounding culture. we are. Our name signifies us. Self is BOTH a product of Nature - Self is thought to be more and Nurture. than just the name. - Self is something that a Self vs Identity person perennially molds, shapes, and develops. The Self: Based on the lexical self is not static. definition, “the person that someone normally or truly is… or Personality the entire person of an individual”. - made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and Identity: Based on the lexical behaviors that make a definition, refers to “the qualities, person unique. beliefs, etc., that make a - Personality came from the particular person or group Greek word ‘persona’ which different from others… or the means mask worn by actors distinguishing character or in the theater. personality of an individual” The sum total of your personality is your S.E.L.F. Self is a product of your Social, Environmental, and other Life Factors. 02 PHILOSOPHICAL SELF The Classical Antiquity Philosophy Socrates: “The unexamined life is - is often called the mother of not worth living” all disciplines. known as the "father of Western - It originated from the Greek philosophy" was believed to be the words Philo- (loving) and first thinker to focus on the full Sophia (knowledge, wisdom). power of reason on the human The term philosophy as self - our existence in the universe. originally used by the Greeks meant “the pursuit of For Socrates, the self exists in two knowledge for its own sake.” parts: - Philosophy is the study of acquiring knowledge The physical body is a tangible through rational thinking aspect of us. It is mortal (it dies), and inquiries that involves constantly changing, imperfect, answering questions transforming, disappearing. regarding the nature and existence of man and the Our soul, which Socrates believed world we live in. to be immortal, is eternal, unchanging, perfect, or ideal. Philosophical lenses: Empiricism - derives explanations Plato: “The first and the best of the self from sensory and victory is to conquer self.” bodily responses. We know things Plato is a dualist; there is both an because we have experienced immaterial mind (soul) and a them through our bodily senses. material body, and it is the soul that represents the self. Rationalism - there is innate knowledge; they differ in that they Plato believed the soul exists choose different objects of innate before birth and after death. For knowledge. Rationalism explains him, one should care about his soul rather than his body. self from the standpoint of what is “ideal” and the “truth”. The soul (mind) is divided into three parts: Dualism - In the modern world Reason - our divine “dualism” most often refers to essence that enables us to “mind-body dualism,” or the idea think deeply, make wise that the mind is separate from the choices and achieve a true body. understanding of eternal.  Physical Appetite - our Descartes declares that the basic biological needs such essential self, or the self as a as hunger, thirst, and sexual. thinking entity, is radically different from the self as a Will or Spirit - is our basic physical body. emotion or passion, such as empathy, aggressiveness, love, anger. John Locke: "The Self Is Consciousness“ Aristotle: “Knowing yourself is the John Locke is known for his beginning of all wisdom.” theory that the mind is a tabula The human person is a “rational rasa, a blank slate. animal”. In other words, for Locke believed that we are born Aristotle, the human person is without thoughts, or our mind was simply an animal that thinks. empty and that knowledge is Aristotle called the ideal as instead determined only by ‘essence’ and the phenomena as experience. ‘matter’. According to Locke, our memory plays a key role in our definition of St. Augustine: “Accepting God is the self. the path to know thyself.” He believed that the times David Hume: "There Is No “Self” present of things past, present, There is no stable thing called and future coexist in the soul; the self, for the self is nothing but a time present of things past is complex set of successive memory; the time present of impressions or perceptions. Thus, things present is direct we cannot observe any experience; and the time present permanent self because we of things in the future is continuously undergo change. expectation. Immanuel Kant: "We Construct the Self' For Kant, man is a free agent, The Renaissance capable of making a decision for himself. Man is a free agent, for he Rene Descartes: “I think; therefore is gifted with reason and free will I am.” to enable him to organize the For Descartes, this is the essence data gathered by the senses. of self— you are a "thinking thing" According to him, the reason is (I exist because I think: I think, the final authority of morality. therefore I exist). Every human being has his inner Maurice Merleau-Ponty: "The Self self and outer self; is An Embodied Subjectivity“ · His ideas suggest that there is The inner self includes rational unity in our mental, physical, and reasoning and psychological state emotional disposition, and they all affect how we experience The outer self includes the body ourselves. and physical mind, where Our self is a product of our representation occurs. conscious human experience. The definition of self is all about one’s The Modern Times perception of one’s experience and the interpretation of those experiences. Gilbert Ryle: "The Self Is How You To Merleau-Ponty, the self is an Behave". embodied subjectivity. For him, Gilbert Ryle simply focused on man is all about how he sees observable behavior in defining himself. the self. From Ryle's point of view, the self is best understood as a pattern of 03 THE SOCIOLOGICAL SELF behavior, a person’s tendency or disposition to behave in a certain Sociology way in certain circumstances. - Sociology is the study of the Sigmund Freud: “There Are Two role of society in shaping Selves: One Conscious, One behavior. Unconscious” - Who you are as a person is Self is multi-layered. It is developed all through your composed of three structures of lifetime under the influence the human mind—id, ego, and of people. superego. Id exists since birth, pertaining to Socialization instinct. It serves as a storeroom of wishes and obsessions related - is the process of learning to sexual and aggressive desires. one’s culture and how to live Ego operates according to the within it. reality principle. This structure’s - It is the process whereby an role is to maintain equilibrium individual learns to adjust to between the demands of id and a group and behave in a superego in accordance with what way that is approved by the is best and practical in reality. group. The Self and the Social Agencies It allows the individual to still express creativity and individualism and understand Family when to bend and stretch the - It is the most influential social rules that govern social group that impacts us in the interactions. entire course of development. Schools The “Me” Self - Our world perspectives go bigger as we get exposed to more It represents learned behaviors, people and a formal set of attitudes, and expectations of standards. others and society. It exercises societal control over Communities one's self. - Our cultural beliefs and practices are influenced by what It prevents someone from our communities and societies breaking the rules or boundaries dictate. of societal expectations. Cooley and the Looking Glass Self Mead the Social Self Theory George Herbert Mead - An American philosopher is Charles Horton Cooley well known for his work on - He is a sociologist who the concept of the "social stated that individuals self." Mead's theory focuses develop their concept of self on the idea that the self is by observing how they are not an inherent, isolated perceived by others, a entity, but rather something concept Cooley coined as that develops through social the “looking-glass self.” interaction. Looking Glass Theory The “I” – Self - Individuals base their sense It is considered the present and of self on how they believe future phase of the self. others view them. It represents the individual's identity based on response to the 'me.' The Self Embedded in Culture The Manunggul Jar Culture - A secondary burial jar was - A complex whole that excavated from a Neolithic includes knowledge, beliefs, burial. morals, law, customs, arts, 2. Physical Anthropology – it is the and any other capabilities study of human biology, including and habits acquired by a how people adapt to where they human as a member of live and how bodies change over society. time (human evolution). 3. Linguistic anthropology – is the Two Components of Culture study of how people speak and The Material Culture the words they use and how their language developed and evolved. - The things that people make and use. Baybayin - These are the physical - The pre-colonial beautiful manifestations of culture ancient writing script of the The Non-Material Culture Islands of the Philippines. - Includes intangible human 4. Cultural anthropology – is the creations like beliefs, values, study of how people live their lives norms, and etc. in the present and how they may - This also helps shape our have lived in the past, including perspective of the society. the tools they used and the food they produced and consumed. 04 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SELF 05 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF Anthropology - is the study of people and cultures in the past Psychology and today. - Psychology is commonly defined as the scientific Branches of Anthropology: study of behavior and mental processes. 1. Archeology – is the study of how - Psychology is derived from people lived in the past. two Greek words, ‘psyche’ Archaeologists learn from things meaning soul/mind; and people leave behind or artifacts. ‘logos’ meaning study. In ancient times, it was defined as the study of souls.  Physiological Aspect The Constituents of the Self - include beliefs about Material Self is constituted by our ourselves, independent of bodies, clothes, immediate family, whether they are true or not. and home. It is where we are attached more deeply into and Cognitive Aspect therefore we are most affected by - refers to the mental the investment we give to these processes and functions things. involved in cognition, such as perception, memory, Social Self is based on our reasoning, and interactions with society and the decision-making. reaction of people towards us. It is our social self that is thought to The Self in Psychological Perspective have multiple divergences or different versions of ourselves. William James Spiritual Self is our inner self or was a leading figure in both our psychological self. It psychology and philosophy, comprises our self perceived whose contributions laid the abilities, attitudes, emotions, groundwork for many interests, values, motives, modern philosophers and opinions, traits, and wishes. behavioral psychologists. Carl Roger Two understandings of the self: Theory of Personality The 'I' self Development’ was based on humanistic psychology. - corresponds to the self as According to his approach, an object of experience or everyone exists in a world the self as known. full of experiences. The “Me,” self The real self of course is what intrinsically we are. It's the self that - reflects “all things” which feels most true to what and who have the power to produce we really are; the honest self. excitement of a certain particular source, an The ideal self, on the other hand, experiential quality of is the self that we think we want to me-ness, mine-ness. be, that we strive to be and that we feel we are expected to be. Andras Angyal Multiple Self vs. 06 SELF FROM WESTERN AND Unified Self EASTERN THOUGHT Multiple Selves, according to K. Western culture Gergen, are the capacities we - basically is about the focus carry within us from multiple on oneself and personal relationships. These are not needs. discovered but created in our - is predicated on putting relationships with other people. egoism. - is inclined in more Unified Selves, emphasizes that acquisition of material well-being comes when our things. personality dynamics are - is obsessed with being congruent, cohesive, and successful. consistent. It is understood that a - Wealth and poverty are the person is essentially connected results of enterprise and with selfhood and identity. hard work. - celebrates the youth and Dr. Donald Winnicott: True Self vs being young. False Self - subscribes to the idea of evolution. True self - refers to a sense of self that is based on authentic Eastern culture experience, and the feeling of - is about focusing on others being truly present and alive. and the feelings of others. - is about collectivism. False self - is a defensive façade, - is tilted towards fewer assets behind which the person can feel (thus the mantra less is empty, its behaviors being learned more). and controlled rather than - is more inclined towards spontaneous and genuine. long life. - Wealth and poverty is the result of fortune and luck. - values the wisdom of years and seniority. - subscribes to the concept of reincarnation. Hinduism - Brahman (refers to the The Confucian doctrines are highest universal principle, also anchored in the golden rule of “Do called the ultimate) is an absolute not do to others what you would reality, and Atman (soul or spirit) is not want others to do to you”. A the true knowledge of self. good relationship with other Vedanta (Its basic teaching is that people is a virtue. Similarly, we our real nature is divine) treat them the way we want them characterizes human suffering as to treat us. the result of failure to realize the distinction between the true self (permanent and unchanging) and Taoism believes that simplicity, the non-true self (impermanent spontaneity, and harmony with and changes continually). nature should govern one's life. An individual should live in his heart, Law of karma is the most accept himself, fully understand important doctrine of Hinduism. himself, accept himself, and live at Individual actions will lead to peace. either good or bad outcomes in one’s life. Thus good actions will reward good things and bad actions will reap bad things. Buddhists, there is no ātman (soul or spirit), no eternal Self, that could accompany or exist behind the rebirth process of individual consciousness. There are four Noble truths that express the orientation of Buddhism: Life ultimately leads to suffering; suffering is caused by attachment to desires; suffering can be eliminated and the elimination of sufferings. 07 PHYSICAL SELF The Impact of Culture on Body Image and Self-Esteem Physical Self - refers to the body, the Self-esteem is all about marvelous container, how much you feel you complex and finely tuned are worth. machine. Body image is how you - concrete dimension, the view your physical self. tangible aspect which can Appearance refers to be directly observed and everything about a examined. person that others can observe. Factors that Shape the Physical Self The Importance of Beauty A. Biological Blueprint Different forms of beauty: - Body structures Physical beauty always - Triggered by genetic begins with non-physical transformation and beauty first. biological development through heredity. Non-physical beauty is that which can’t be measured, Heredity - “the transmission of but it can certainly be felt. It traits from parents to offspring.” emanates from within. Genotype - specific 08 SEXUAL SELF information embedded within our genes. The Sexual Aspect of the Self Phenotype - physical expression of a particular Sexual self refers to the totality of trait. oneself as a sexual being, including positive and negative B. Environmental Conditioning concepts and feelings. Family- first social group, forms a crucial foundation Sexuality is one of the primary of our development. drives behind everyone’s feelings, Larger social group - new thoughts, and behaviors. practices and standards.  Biological sex is one’s Family Planning assignment upon birth and is dependent on the Family planning rational, physical features the voluntary, and moral person has. management of all the processes Gender is an identity that of family life including human is learned and embraced reproduction. by the individual. The Consequences of Sexual Four Pillars of Family Planning Choice Responsible Parenthood. -It is the will and ability to Sexual intercourse, also known as respond to the needs copulation, is the reproductive act and aspirations of the wherein the male organ (penis) family. enters the female’s reproductive Respect for life. -The 1987 tract (vagina). Constitution protects the life of the unborn from Early Pregnancies - may the moment of result in dropping out of conception. school, alienation, and other Birth Spacing.- This is the similar disruptions. proper spacing of 3 to 5 Sexually Transmitted years from recent Diseases - It is prevalent pregnancy. among individuals who Informed Choice. - engage in unprotected sex Couples and individuals with multiple partners. are fully informed on the Human Immunodeficiency different modern FP Virus (HIV) - The most methods. alarming sexually transmitted disease. The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 Responsible Sexual Behavior known as the RH Law, is a Respect for one’s body. groundbreaking law that Maturity in thoughts and guarantees universal and free deeds. access to nearly all modern contraceptives for all citizens, Being guided by one’s including impoverished personal beliefs and core communities, at government values. health centers. Being future-oriented. Types of Natural Family Planning vagina and away from a woman's Methods external genitals before 1. Periodic abstinence ejaculation to prevent pregnancy. (fertility awareness) method The Artificial Family Planning 2. Use of breastfeeding or Methods: Ho Furmonal lactational amenorrhea Contraception method (LAM) 3. Coitus interruptus Oral Contraceptives (withdrawal or pulling out) Most oral contraceptives contain method. a combination of 2 types of hormones: estrogen and Natural Family Planning: Periodic progestin. Abstinence Methods Transdermal Contraceptive PatchI Rhythm (calendar) Method The birth control patch is a small, You track your menstrual history sticky square that you wear on to predict when you'll ovulate. your arm, back, lower belly, or other places on your body. Basal Body Temperature Monitoring Subdermal Implants Your temperature when you're fully refers to a body modification that at rest. is placed underneath the skin, therefore allowing the body to Cervical Mucus (ovulation) heal over the implant and creating Method a raised design. Also called the Billings Ovulation Method, based on careful Intrauterine Device (IUD) observation of mucus patterns An IUD is a small T-shaped plastic during your menstrual cycle. and copper device that's put into your womb (uterus) by a doctor or Lactation Amenorrhea Method nurse. is a natural, short-term birth control method in which a woman Diaphragm relies on exclusive breastfeeding is a barrier method of after birth to prevent pregnancy. contraception. It fits inside your vagina and prevents sperm from Coitus Interruptus (withdrawal or passing through the cervix (the pulling out) Method entrance of your womb). This is one of the oldest methods of contraception. Itis the practice of withdrawing the penis from the Cervical Cap 09 MATERIALISTIC ASPECT OF is a birth control (contraceptive) THE SELF device that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. Materialistic Self - focuses on how people maintain extensions of Male Condoms themselves through material protect you against sexually possessions and the maintenance transmitted infections (STIs) and of particular lifestyles. they can be used to prevent pregnancy. In the process of acquiring Female condoms material goods, people generally are a barrier method of consider two things: contraception worn inside the vagina. Utility. - which is concerned with how things serve a practical The Permanent Family Planning purpose. Method Significance. -It is also concerned with how objects Two kinds of surgical methods:· become powerful symbols or icons of habit and ritual which can be Vasectomy quite separate from their primary When you ejaculate (cum) the fluid function. or semen from your penis contains sperm. William James' Concept of the Self Tubal Ligation The I-Self, which is being It is a surgical procedure for referred to as the female sterilization involving thinking self, is the one severing and tying the fallopian reflecting the soul of a tubes. person or the mind which is also called the pure ego.. The Me-Self refers to the person’s individual experiences and is divided into sub-categories: the material self, social self and spiritual self. The Composition of the Material What is Consumption? Self Consumption Two subclasses of the Material - as spending for the Self: acquisition of utility. The Bodily Self. The - using, buying, or eating components of this are something. composed of the intimate parts of the person that Conscious Consumption includes our body’s - is about practicing aspects such as physical, responsible buying habits. psychological and moral. - As a consumer, free will The Extended Self. It comes with responsibility includes the people of and obligation. great significance to us possessions, places, Psychological/Sociological products of our labor, Consumption etc. happiness seems attached to buying something. Consumption Body has become an addiction. The innermost part of our material self is our body. Identity and Consumer Culture Clothes Identity is a symbolic idea. It is an is an essential part of the material image we build for ourselves self. through social interaction.. Immediate Family Consumerism can be defined as Our parents and siblings hold an economic and social ideology another great important part of and order that encourages ourselves. consumption or acquisition of goods/services in a never-ending Home cycle. Home is where our heart is. Needs are basic requirements for you to survive, such as a cozy home, basic clothes to wear, and daily food. Wants are desires that may change as time progresses. 10 SPIRITUAL SELF Hinduism covers a wide range of traditional beliefs and religious Spiritual Self is one of the four (4) groups; thus, there is no single constituents of the “self”. founder or leader. Spirituality and Religion Muslims believe in Allah, who is their "One God." They believed in Religious person is someone who the unity and universality of God. believes in a god or group of gods and consciously adheres to the Islam is a monotheistic religion beliefs of his or her religion. and it follows the teaching of the prophet Muhammad, born in Spiritual person on the other Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 C.E. hand places little importance on beliefs and traditions and is more Jews believe in the God of concerned with growing and Abraham, the same God that experiencing the Divine. liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised Spirituality is a natural aspect of Land through the leadership of our self-development. Moses and later, Joshua. Ritual - is the performance of 11 AFFINITY WITH NATURE ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred law. Affinity with nature - “the ties that bind people World's Famous Religions and nature together.” - nature connectedness, Buddhism believes that life is not defined as “the extent to a bed of roses. Instead, there are which individuals include suffering, pain, and frustrations. nature as part of their When people suffer, they want to identity.” experience the goodness of life and avoid disappointments. Ecopsychology - It is concerned with Christians believe in Trinitarian “fundamental God. One God in three persons: interconnections between God the Father (Creator), God the humans and the natural Son (Savior), and God the Holy - world” Spirit. Eternal life after death will be achieved through faith in Jesus Christ. 12 POLITICS AND SELF Politics, as imbibed by man, implies several things: Self - is a dynamic construct in Politics is concerned with that it is shaped by external forces power. and personal factors. Politics is about contexts. Active citizenship - embraces Man is by nature, a political one’s individuality through the animal. - Aristotle choices a person makes and the behaviors they manifest. Developing a Filipino Identity Political self - is a result of various personal and environmental The Philippines is a collectivist factors that impact the individual. society and individuals tend to understand themselves as a part Politics of a group. - is derived from the Greek word Politika from Aristotle’s National Identity- to be a citizen classic work which means of a country. “affairs of the cities”, Latin/Old French word polis Citizens of the Philippines are: which means “city”, polites which means “citizen”. 1. Those who are citizens of - refers to the science and art the Philippines at the of government or the time of the adoption of political state of a this Constitution; government or country, 2. Those whose fathers or associated with governance mothers are citizens of in order to achieve power. the Philippines; - “the actions or activities 3. Those who are concerned with achieving naturalized in and using power in a accordance with the law. country or society.” - “the ways that power is shared in an organization and the ways it is affected by personal relationships between people who work together.” Ways on How to Acquire Philippine Article III of the 1987 Philippine Citizenship Constitution - Also called the Bill of Rights, There are two (2) generally it includes 22 sections that recognized forms of acquiring declare a Filipino citizen’s Philippine citizenship: rights and privileges that Jus soli (right of soil) is the Constitution has to the legal principle that a protect, no matter what. person’s nationality at birth is determined by Human rights the place of birth. - in the Philippines are also guided by the UN's International Bill of Human Jus sanguinis (right of Rights – a consolidation of 3 blood) is the legal legal documents including principle that, at birth, an the Universal Declaration of individual acquires the Human Rights (UDHR), the nationality of his/her International Covenant on natural parent/s. Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Naturalization - is the Economic, Social, and judiciary act of adopting Cultural Rights (ICESCR). a foreigner and clothing him with the privileges of Human rights - norms that aim to a native-born citizen. protect people from political, legal, and social abuses. Active Citizenship United Nations (UN) defines - “structured forms of human rights as engagement with political It is universal and processes and everyday inalienable. Human rights forms of participation in belong to all and cannot society”. be taken away unless - anchored on our cognitive specific situations call for and behavioral engagement it. to participate in formal It is Interdependent and political activities. indivisible. Whatever enables democracy. happens to even one is a social construct. right – fulfillment or violation – can directly affect others.  It is equal and 13 THE DIGITAL SELF non-discriminatory. Human rights protect all Digital self - can become our vivid people regardless of representation of our wants, race, nationality, gender, needs, motivations, and religion, and political insecurities. leaning, among others. There are three elements of the The Universal Declaration of digital self: Human Rights Your online behavior (the Right to equality number of times you Freedom from update your status on discrimination Facebook), Right to life, liberty, and Your online voice (the personal security conversations you do Freedom from slavery with other people in your Freedom from torture social media account), and degrading treatment and Your online presentation (how you create a social Rights and Duties of a Filipino media profile to present Citizen yourself). Rights Digital natives - refer to the - A Filipino citizen cannot be individuals who were born after deprived of his life, liberty, or the widespread adoption of property and is given the chance digital technology. to defend himself. Millennial generation Duties (born between 1981 and - Filipino citizen is asked to 1996), uphold this Constitution, obey the Generation Z (born laws of the land, pay taxes, and between 1996 and 2020), cooperate with the duly participative learners, constituted authorities in the have a high capacity to attainment and preservation of a do multitasking tasks, just and orderly society. speak tech, knows what they need to work on, and see the world in less hierarchical terms.  Generation Alpha (born Digital Citizenship between 2011 and 2025). Those who use the internet Individuals are more regularly and effectively with a full immersed in technology, understanding of digital can learn in visual and citizenship, which is the interactive teaching appropriate and responsible methods, and are more behavior when using technology. inclusive and aware of their public image. Digital citizenship is anchored on three general principles: Online Disinhibition Effect respecting oneself and When we behave differently in others, virtual spaces than we would in educating oneself and face-to-face interactions, we others, loosen up, we become less and protecting oneself and restrained and we tend to express others. ourselves more openly. General Principles of Digital Citizenship Two main categories of behavior that fall under the online A. Respecting Oneself and Others disinhibition effect: 1. Digital Access – full Benign disinhibition - that electronic participation includes behavior in which people in society tend to self-disclose more on the 2. Digital Etiquette - internet than they would in real Electronic standards of life. conduct or procedure. Toxic disinhibition - includes 3. Digital Law - electronic behavior in which people tend to responsibility for actions use rude language, threats, and and deeds, especially visiting places of pornography, with ethics of technology crime, and violence on the B. Educating Oneself and Others internet. 1. Digital Commerce - Electronic buying and selling of goods. 2. Digital Communication - Electronic exchange of information.  3. Digital Literacy - Process 14 SELF REGULATED of teaching and learning LEARNING technology and the use of technology. Learning C. Protecting Oneself and Others - as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a 1. Digital Rights and result of experience. Responsibilities - Those freedoms extended to Self-regulated learning everyone in the digital - is how students regulate world. their own emotions, 2. Digital Health and cognition, behavior, aspects Wellness - Physical and of the context during a psychological well-being learning experience. in a digital technology - is a cyclical process. world. 3. Digital Security - Steps on How to Achieve electronic precautions to Self-Regulated Learning guarantee safety 1. Plan, set goals, and layout strategies. The Philippines Cybercrime 2. Use strategies and monitor Prevention Act of 2012 performance. 3. Reflect on the performance. Republic Act No. 10175 - It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the The Mindset Theory Internet in the Philippines. - a way to understand the effects of the beliefs that individuals hold for the Nine Elements of Digital nature of intelligence Citizenship Fixed mindset is a belief that your intelligence, talents, and other abilities are set in stone. Growth mindset, you believe that, with effort, perseverance, and drive, you can develop your natural qualities. Self-efficacy - is defined as “the Human agency - is an underlying extent to which we believe we can principle in learning. People are confidently learn and master a not merely products of inner particular skill.” forces or environments; they are self-regulating and proactive. high self-efficacy, they are likely to engage in challenging tasks and Surface learning - concentrates recover from disappointments on the meaning of what is learned quickly. Deep learning - focus on external low self-efficacy is likely to avoid goals such as getting a particular difficult tasks because of a lack of grade or award or pleasing or confidence and results in having impressing someone else. low self-esteem. Goals - “the object or aim of an action, for example, to attain a Four functions that human specific standard of proficiency, agency is exercised: usually within a specified time Intentionality. People limit.” create and engage in plans and strategies with Goal setting - is the process by which they realize their which we achieve these goals. predetermined intentions to act in a certain Locke's Goal-Setting Theory manner. The simplest and most direct Forethought. This motivational explanation of why addresses the temporal some people perform better than dimension of human others is due to disparate agency. performance goals, implying that Self-reactiveness. It is a setting and adjusting goals can process through which significantly impact performance. individuals not only make plans and choices but Goal Setting Theory - states that also construct the there is a relationship between appropriate courses of how difficult and specific a goal action and regulate their was and the people’s performance execution. task. Self-reflectiveness. It takes place when actions must be examined in order to be corrected. Five Principles of Goal Setting Goals must have: 1. Clarity. When a goal is clear and specific, there is less misunderstanding about what behaviors will be rewarded. 2. Challenge. People are often motivated by a goal 15 TAKING CARE OF THE SELF that is too easy or too Self-care is defined as engaging difficult that will not in activities and behaviors that motivate the person to have a positive effect on one’s work hard on a task. mental and physical health. 3. Commitment. A personally relevant goal Five Domains to Ensure Self-Care will motivate a person to 1. Physical Self-Care work on accomplishing The harder the goal, the 2. Social Self-Care more commitment is 3. Mental Self-Care required. 4. Spiritual Self-Care 4. Feedback. provides 5. Emotional Self-Care opportunities to clarify expectations, adjust goal Stress difficulty, and gain - is a response experienced recognition. when a person encounters a 5. Considering Task threatening situation. Complexity. Take special care to ensure that work Stressor doesn't become too - is a stimulus that causes overwhelming when goals stress. or assignments are - is a state of mental or highly complex. emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Stress response or fight-or-flight response - When the person feels stressed, the body experiences a collection of changes. There are three kinds of stress: Chronic stress - is a type of stress that tends to Eustress occur on a regular basis. Considered as good Burnout - is a result of stress the prolonged chronic A result from a situation stress in situations that or activity that you find leave people with a motivating or inspiring feeling of lack of control Enjoyable and not over their lives. threatening activity Neustress “Neutral” stress A sensory stimulus that has no direct consequences or effect on the person A situation or activity that you do not find threatening yet not enjoyable. Distress Situations or activities that you consider negative, harmful, threatening It could happen for just a short span of time or it could linger for prolonged periods. Types of Stress Acute stress - is a type of stress that comes quickly and unexpectedly but requires a response.