UCSP Q1 PDF

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By : Teacher Lee Loreto PAGE 1  We give you praise, O God, for everything that is new and beautiful, for everything which holds promise and brings us joy. Bless us as we start this new year with our friends and teacher...

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By : Teacher Lee Loreto PAGE 1  We give you praise, O God, for everything that is new and beautiful, for everything which holds promise and brings us joy. Bless us as we start this new year with our friends and teachers. Help us to make the most of every chance we have to start afresh. PRAYER May we show love to one another and to all. May the new beginning of this school year remind us that you give us chances to start over again and again. Help us to forgive others as we receive your forgiveness. PAGE 2 Help us to learn and to work together. Help us to listen when we should, and to know the best words when we speak, and when it is better not to speak. We thank you for our friends. Help us to be good friends this year. Help us to be patient with ourselves and with others. PRAYER Bless our school and keep us safe. Be with us as we travel each day. Help us to be aware of your love shown to us in the people around us. PAGE 3  Bless all those who care for us In school and at home. Help us show our care for them and to say sorry when we need to. May the Blessed Mother Mary protect us. And help us to live as well as we can. PRAYER Giving thanks and glory to God as she did. AMEN. PAGE 4 +20  20 points = On time, excused (with an excuse letter or communication) +20 10 points = Late within 15 mins 0 point = Late beyond 15 mins, absence without an excuse letter or communication -10 Not wearing proper attire during the class Classroom Everyone deserves respect, both Rules students and teachers. PAGE 7 Classroom When someone else is talking, Rules listen. PAGE 8 Classroom Raise your hand to talk. Rules PAGE 9 Classroom Show respect for school and Rules personal property PAGE 10 Classroom Participate in all activities. Rules PAGE 11 Classroom There is no use of cellphones or Rules any other electronic devices until you are told to do so. PAGE 12 Requirements Yellow pad and ballpen PAGE 13 Requirements Active Email and FB Messenger PAGE 14 Requirements Time and Attendance PAGE 15 Requirements Participate in all activities. PAGE 16  Grade 12 : Section LAST NAME, FIRST NAME M.I Requirements PAGE 17 1 7 3 2 5 6 4 PAGE 18 Let’s Talk “What issues and events in our society/country that concerns you today? PAGE 19 Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By : Teacher Lee Loreto PAGE 21  Each group needs to assign members with labels from A Anthropology to G. After everyone has their Sociology labels, all members with the Political Science same label will form a new Anthropological perspectives Sociological perspective group. You'll have 14 minutes Theoretical perspective to discuss your assigned topic Political science perspective within these new groups. Each student will then have 2 minutes to share their understanding. PAGE 22 Key Points to Remember: ANTHROPOLOGY is for CULTURE. SOCIOLOGY is for SOCIETY. POLITICAL SCIENCE is for POLITICS. Answers the question… ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY ▪What does it mean to be ▪What is society? human? ▪Where the things that ▪Who are we really are? influence our life? ▪Where do we come ▪What is life to people from? living in places with different culture and behavior? PAGE 24 Where did it start? ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY ▪ Anthropology started as a ▪ Sociology emerged as an science during the time of academic field right at the exploration when European height of Industrial Revolution countries started to colonize in Europe which mobilized the what they considered as entire population in a way that primitive societies where had never been before in people were believed to be human history. These eras had savages and barbaric. brought great changes in the way people live in a society. PAGE 26 Where did it start? ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY ▪ During their colonial encounter with ▪ During that time, emerging these people, Europeans started to institutions arose and replaced the old make written records about non- ones such as how science was taking Europeans. They focus on kinship, over religion, when the reign of kings language, race, religion, cultural and queens fell down, and when the perceptions, and others. era of feudalism has ended. People saw the importance of studying these emerging institutions and how they started and what impact they could make to an individual and the new society in general. PAGE 27 Who started the field? ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY ▪ FRANZ BOAS – considered as the ▪ AUGUSTE COMTE – a French father of modern American philosopher and mathematician. anthropology. His study led to the He coined the term sociology. He doctrine of “historical saw the need for a systematic particularism”, where he stated science of studying society and in that each society is considered as dealing with the solution of its having a unique form of culture basic problems. that cannot be understood under an overall definition of general culture. PAGE 29 Subject of inquiry. ANTHROPOLOGY ▪ BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY – refers to the study of human origins (genetics, race, evolutions, fossils, primates). ▪ CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY – is the study of living people (religion, social system, language, clothing, foods, beliefs, traditions, etc.) ▪ LINGUISTIC is the study of language, its evolution, its connection to other languages and others. ▪ ARCHEOLOGY – refers to the study of ancient people’s culture (religion, beliefs, traditions, social system, language, how they dress, what they eat, and etc.) PAGE 31 Goals.. ANTHROPOLOGY The goals of anthropology are the following: ▪ See the commonalities among people (tradition, language, kinship, etc.) ▪ Look at what makes us the same to understand more about human nature. ▪ Discover what makes people different from each other in order to understand and preserve diversity. ▪ Produce new knowledge and new theories about mankind and behavior. ▪ Look at one’s own culture more objectively. PAGE 33 Goals.. SOCIOLOGY The goals of sociology are the following: ▪ Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life. ▪ Study the nature of humanity to further examine our roles within a society. ▪ Appreciate that all things in society are independent. ▪ Expose our minds to different perspectives in attaining truth. PAGE 34  The study of political science was stated by the ancient Greeks. Aristotle on his book “Politics” POLITICAL stated that Man is a political SCIENCE animal. It means that it is our nature to live in a society and Origin have power over another. PAGE 36  Political Science is the systematic study of government, politics, and political power. POLITICAL SCIENCE It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and Concept how. PAGE 38  Political theory, philosophy and different political ideologies. Public management POLITICAL Human rights SCIENCE International relations and foreign policies. Subject of Inquiry PAGE 39  Make people a better citizens. Keep social order and harmony among different group of people. POLITICAL Protect the right of an SCIENCE individual. Avoid conflict and promote GOALS cooperation. PAGE 40  ▪are culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork, human diversity, holism, bio-cultural focus. The four main perspectives of Anthropology are the cross-cultural or comparative Anthropological emphasis, its evolutionary/historical emphasis, its ecological emphasis, perspectives and its holistic emphasis. An example for this is the analysis and solutions of the different aspects of the society such as the environment issues of pollution, the issues on health and medicine and other issues related to the human activities.  ▪ introduces the discipline of sociology, including something about its history, questions, theory, and scientific methods, and what distinguishes it from other social science disciplines. Central features include social interaction and relationships, social contexts, social structure, social change, the Sociological significance of diversity and human variation, and the critical, questioning character of perspective sociology. It also explores what sociologists do. ▪ Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives: ▪ 1. the functionalist perspective; ▪ 2. the conflict perspective; and ▪ 3. the symbolic interaction perspective.  This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and The stability. It emphasizes the way each Functionalist part of society functions to maintain Perspective: the whole system. Institutions such as family, education, and religion are seen as essential components that fulfill necessary functions for society's stability and continuity. PAGE 45  This perspective focuses on the power dynamics and conflicts within society. It posits that social structures and institutions reflect the interests of The Conflict those in power and are often sources Perspective: of inequality and conflict. The conflict perspective examines how groups compete for resources, power, and status, and it highlights the struggles between different social classes, races, genders, and other groups. PAGE 46  This perspective analyzes society by examining the everyday interactions of individuals and the meanings they assign to objects, events, and behaviors. It emphasizes the role of symbols and The Symbolic language as core elements of human Interaction interaction. The symbolic interaction Perspective: perspective focuses on how individuals create, negotiate, and change social realities through their interactions and how these social realities influence behavior and society as a whole. PAGE 47  ▪is a basic way to look at and understand the world. It helps us explain why things happen in society. Different perspectives offer different views, like: Functionalist perspective: Sees society as Theoretical parts working together to keep things stable. perspective Conflict perspective: Sees society as groups fighting for power and resources. Symbolic interaction perspective: Focuses on how people use symbols and interactions to create meaning. ▪These perspectives help us make sense of social behavior and events.  ▪ is a way of looking at and understanding how governments, politics, and power work in society. It helps explain things like: How governments are structured and operate. Political science How laws are made and enforced. perspective How political power is distributed and used. How citizens participate in politics and make decisions. ▪ This perspective helps us understand the rules, processes, and systems that shape our political world. PAGE 50  1 What term describes the relationship between people and their natural and physical environment? A. Politics B. Anthropology C. Culture D. Sociology PAGE 51  2 Which field is concerned with studying human behavior and societies globally? A. Sociology B. Anthropology C. Political Science D. Culture PAGE 52  3 Which social science focuses on human interactions and relationships? A. Sociology B. Anthropology C. Political Science D. Culture PAGE 53  4 What is the study of human social relationships and institutions called? A. Politics B. Anthropology C. Culture D. Sociology PAGE 54  5 What term describes the scientific study of humans or human beings? A. Politics B. Anthropology C. Culture D. Sociology PAGE 55  6 Which theory aims to explain how the social world functions? A. Political theory B. Sociological theory C. Anthropological theory D. Cultural theory PAGE 56  7 Which perspective views social life as a competition and emphasizes the distribution of resources, power, and inequality? A. Theoretical perspective B. Conflict perspective C. Cultural perspective D. Functionalist perspective PAGE 57 Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By: Teacher Lee Loreto Dear Creator of all, Prayer As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Prayer Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20  Additional Requirement: UCSP Portfolio folder for the Semester. - Long Folder with plastic cover FARADAY Yellow BERNOULLI Green MAXWELL Red PLANCK Blue ELECTRO White As part of our semester portfolio, each of you will have the opportunity to design your own cover page. Your cover page should be creative and reflect your personality while including the following information clearly: Your Name Your Section Please ensure that all information is easily readable. I look forward to seeing your unique designs and creativity! Let’s Talk! “The beauty of the world lies in the diversity of its people.” – Unknown Objective At the end of this topic, you should be able to analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and society. Specifically, this discussion aims to: ✓ Analyze the concept of culture and society; ✓ Determine the aspects and changes of culture and society; and ✓ Reflect on the importance of culture and its impact to the society. Let’s Analyze this! ❖You need to create a CONCEPT MAP with the following main words CULTURE and SOCIETY. Let’s Process this! ❖What is Culture? ❖What is Society? ❖How our little ways can be categorized as culture? ❖Why is it important to have culture and society? “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Family Bonding Moments Hospitality Happy point of view in life. Resilient “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Dialects Language It helps us to express and convey message on its easiest form. “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Batuk Paintings Weaving ARTS – It expresses our emotions and personality. “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Religions “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Foods  “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Gestures/Behavior/Habits “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Tools “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Fashion  “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Architecture  Assignment: Identify the cultural elements of the Philippines and the USA and prepare to present this information to the class. Culture Philippines USA Language Religion Food Dance Song Holiday and Ceremony Costume Sport Tradition Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By: Teacher Lee Loreto Dear Creator of all, Prayer As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Prayer Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20  Additional Requirement: UCSP Portfolio folder for the Semester. - Long Folder with plastic cover FARADAY Yellow BERNOULLI Green MAXWELL Red PLANCK Blue ELECTRO White As part of our semester portfolio, each of you will have the opportunity to design your own cover page. Your cover page should be creative and reflect your personality while including the following information clearly: Your Name Your Section Please ensure that all information is easily readable. I look forward to seeing your unique designs and creativity! 1  Assignment: Identify the cultural elements of the Philippines and the USA and prepare to present this information to the class. Culture Philippines USA Language Religion Food Dance Song Holiday and Ceremony Costume Sport Tradition 6 Let’s PLAY! GOAL: to fill in as many squares as possible by finding classmates who match the prompts. Students must walk around and talk to each other to find classmates who match the prompts. When a student finds someone who matches a prompt, they write that person's name and let the student affix their signature in the corresponding square. Each classmate can only sign one square per Bingo card. The first student to match all the prompts shouts “BINGO!” and wins. Plays a musical Loves science Can do a magic Has a unique Has won an award instrument. fiction movies. trick. hobby. or competition. Has a collection Can touch their Exercise Is a member of a of something toes without Regularly. Enjoys gardening. club or (e.g., stamps, bending their organization. coins). knees. Can whistle a Enjoys painting or Loves to eat Is on a sports Is left-handed. tune. drawing. BALUT. team. Loves horror Is the oldest Loves to cook or Loves spicy food. Can swim. movies. sibling. bake. Is involved in Enjoys Has a sibling in Is an only child. Still single. student photography. college. government.  Human Picture Frame “Filipino Culture is Colorful!” Understanding Culture, Society and Politics By: Teacher Lee Loreto Culture The features of our achievements as human or society. Intricate system that can be manifested by our beliefs, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge. Aspects of Culture Elements of Culture Knowledge Any information received Beliefs Accepted Reality Social Established expectation of society Norms Forms of Social Norms Folkways Pattern of repetitive behaviors Mores Set of Ethical and Moral Standards Values Help us to develop our personality Forms of Social Norms Technology Practical application of knowledge CULTURE Types of Culture Types of Culture BREAK – BREAK – BREAK In your own opinion, do your think that society and culture interlinked with one another? Society Complex network of people that are interconnected. Organized group of people that shares a common interest or goals. CULTURE Society FAMILY “The basic unit of the society.” Social Change  Assignment: CONCEPT MAPPING  Assignment: CONCEPT MAPPING Assignment: Complete the table by writing the significant contributions of the specified administrations to the different sectors of the country. Assignment: Guided by the rubrics provided below, draw and explain how you can demonstrate your appreciation for your own culture and what actions you can take to help preserve both tangible and intangible aspects of Filipino culture. Use a legal-sized bond paper for the drawing and a whole sheet of yellow pad paper for the explanation. RUBRICS Content/Grammar 40 Creativity/Mechanics 40 Originality/Neatness 20 Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Teacher Lee Loreto Dear Creator of all, Prayer As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Prayer Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20 Class Rules There is no use of cellphones or any other electronic devices until you are told to do so. Class Requirements Yellow pad and ballpen  Assignment: CONCEPT MAPPING  Assignment: CONCEPT MAPPING Assignment: Complete the table by writing the significant contributions of the specified administrations to the different sectors of the country. Assignment: Guided by the rubrics provided below, draw and explain how you can demonstrate your appreciation for your own culture and what actions you can take to help preserve both tangible and intangible aspects of Filipino culture. Use a legal-sized bond paper for the drawing and a whole sheet of yellow pad paper for the explanation. RUBRICS Content/Grammar 40 Creativity/Mechanics 40 Originality/Neatness 20 Let’s Dance!  Objectives: At the end of this topic, you should be able to explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding. Specifically, this discussion aims to: Define the meaning of cultural relativism and ethnocentrism; Differentiate cultural relativism and ethnocentrism; Recognize the importance of cultural relativism. Review Time! A. Artifacts/artefacts B. Society 1. Ideas, beliefs and traditions are called ____________. C. Non-material culture D. Culture 2. It is any materials that created by humans that can give information E. Dynamic about the past. 3. It is a complex network of group people that are connected to each other. 4. It is the intricate system manifested through their beliefs, practices, values, attitudes and laws. 5. It is an example of aspects of culture, Let’s Analyze this! Song Analysis Please watch the music video of Kaleidoscope World by Francis Magalona and analyze its lyrics. Answer the Processing Questions. Processing Questions! What does the song talk about? Based on the song, what do your mean by cultural equality? Do you think the song is connected to cultural relativism? Why? Why this song is a good example of promotion of cultural relativism? Let’s Investigate! Kaleidoscope World Francis Magalona 1995 Alternative Rock Freeman  Dynamic Pattern Transmitted Advantages of Cultural Relativism 1. It promotes cooperation. Embracing the differences of the different society can create cooperation because it allows a stronger bond with one another in the society. Advantages of Cultural Relativism 2. Respect and Equality is encouraged. People from different culture with different ideas that share their own perspectives and experiences in the society can promote respect and equality. Advantages of Cultural Relativism 3. It preserves human cultures. Respect with the diverse set of traditions, ideas and practices would help preserve the culture. Advantages of Cultural Relativism 4. Cultural relativism creates a society without judgement. Worrying and practicing your own culture prevent disagreement & judgement in the society.  CRITERIA POINTS Teamwork 35 Group Activity Mastery & Harmony 35 Presentation 30 Find a song that is relevant to cultural relativism. Ensure that each group selects a different song. Sing your chosen song to the class and impress them with your presentation. You will be presenting this at our next meeting. Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Teacher Lee Loreto Dear Creator of all, Prayer As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Prayer Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20 Class Rules There is no use of cellphones or any other electronic devices until you are told to do so. Class Requirements Yellow pad and ballpen Let’s Talk! In your own words, what is cultural relativism? Give an example. Let’s Talk! In your own understanding, can you define the words culture, society, and cultural relativism?  CRITERIA POINTS Teamwork 35 Group Activity Mastery & Harmony 35 Presentation 30 Find a song that is relevant to cultural relativism. Ensure that each group selects a different song. Sing your chosen song to the class and impress them with your presentation. You will be presenting this at our next meeting.  CRITERIA POINTS Teamwork 35 Mastery & Harmony 35 Presentation 30 CULTURAL SONG  ETHNOCENTRISM that one’s own culture and society is the center of everything and seen as the most efficient and superior among the cultures in the world.  ETHNOCENTRISM person who exhibits ethnocentrism feels that his or her culture is correct and appropriate as compared to other cultures  ETHNOCENTRISM thus, an ethnocentric attitude can be a problem in understanding each other culture and foster tensions, misunderstanding and conflicts between societies.  ETHNOCENTRISM Ethnocentrism can be so strong but when confronted with all the differences of a new culture, one may experience culture shock.  7 1 6 2 3 5 4 Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics TEACHER LEE LORETO Dear Creator of all, As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20 STAND You're going to raise your hands while you're sitting.  OBJECTIVES Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices. Specific Learning Objective Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans. Explore the significance of human material remains and artefactual evidence in interpreting cultural and social, including political and economic, processes. Recognize national, local, and specialized museums, and archaeological and historical sites as venues to appreciate and reflect on the complexities of biocultural and social evolution as part of being and becoming human REVIEW Recall Me!  Apes and human have similarities in CORRECT biological anatomy and capacity for culture. INCORRECT REVIEW Recall Me!  Asthe environment changes, our society CORRECT and way of life also change. INCORRECT REVIEW Recall Me!  Stone tools offer archaeologists hints CORRECT about the lifestyle of early homo sapiens. INCORRECT REVIEW Recall Me!  Earliest people believed in CORRECT supernatural being or gods. INCORRECT REVIEW Recall Me!  The market economic system CORRECT was founded during the agrarian stage of society. INCORRECT FACTS A market economy is economy in which the prices of the products and services are chosen in a free price system that is decided by supply and demand. It began around the late 18th century, after the Industrial Revolution. REVIEW Recall Me!  Foraging was an economic activity CORRECT started during the Metal Age. INCORRECT FACTS  Foraging is searching for wild food resources. Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animal lives.  Yet that is just what humans (Homo sapiens) have done for most of their time on Earth — from their appearance about 200,000 years ago until about 11,000 years ago when they began to develop agriculture. Before Homo sapiens evolved, our hominine ancestors foraged for millions of years. REVIEW Recall Me!  Producingmore food allowed societies to CORRECT become larger. INCORRECT REVIEW Recall Me!  Language has a little influence on our CORRECT ways of perceiving, behaving, and feeling. INCORRECT  REVIEW Match Me! Language 1. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which idea values, beliefs, and knowledge Metal Age are transmitted, expressed, and shared Technology Tangible 2. It refers to our cultural heritage in the form of structures, monuments, historical sites, and other artifacts. Language Technology 3. Sociologists refer to this as the combination of objects and Homo Sapiens rules of using them that speaks about their culture. Tangible Metal Age 4. Cultural period where the used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron flourished. Homo 5. The Thinking Man –species to which all modern human Sapiens beings belong.  Column A Column A REVIEW Match Me! 1. Their study on social relationship and interactions will provide A. Sociology information that will help in understanding society objectively A through the use of scientific investigation and methodology. 2. The study of the nature, causes, and consequences of B. Archaeology collective decisions and actions taken by groups of people embedded in cultures and institutions that structure power and E authority 3. It seeks to studies human as both biological and social C. Anthropology creatures. It seeks to answer this primary question: What does it C mean to be human? 4. Examines the remains of ancient and historical human D. Economics populations to promote an understanding of how humans have B adapted to their environment and developed. 5. It is the study of how people allocate scarce resources for E. Political Science production, distribution, and consumption, both individually and D collectively.  Identify the Civilization. 2 Mesopotamia Chinese Indus Egypt  Identify the Civilization. Mesopotamia Chinese Indus Egypt  Identify the Civilization. Mesopotamia Chinese Indus Egypt  Identify the Civilization. Mesopotamia Chinese Indus Egypt If you were going back in time, which civilization would you live in for 100 days? Why?  Humans. We have been around for a while now. When we think about our past, we think about ancient civilizations, the pyramids, stuff like that. But this is only a tiny, tiny part of our history. What kind of legacy do you want history to remember from your lifetime? Please complete me! I realized that…. CULTURE ❑ is defined as “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of a society” EVOLUTION 4 ❑ is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations. ❑ It helps us identify and analyze man’s physiological development and eventually the emergence of different society. Human Biocultural Evolution Hominids “Manlike The development of the Primates” different species of primates which were able to evolve in 40 million years ago. There have been various relics of hominids which could be described as manlike primates. Human Biocultural Evolution Homo Habilis “Handy Man” The apelike men who first to used stone tools as weapons and protection of their enemies. They are recognized as the first true human. Lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago. Human Biocultural Evolution Homo Erectus “The Upright It was believed to be the first Man” man like creature that lived about 500,000 years ago in Asia, Africa and Europe. This manlike specie could walk straight with almost the same brain with modern man. He made refined stone stools for hunting and weapons for protection of the enemies. Human Biocultural Evolution Homo Sapiens “The Thinking It was believed that this was Man” the direct descendant of modern man who lived about 250,000 years ago. They had similar physical descriptions with modern man. They originated as the primitive men whose activities were largely dependent on hunting, fishing and agriculture.  Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture 7 Our Thinking Capacity  Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture Our Gripping Capacity  Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture Our Speaking Capacity  Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture Our Walking/Standing Capacity Enumerate: practices or activities of early people that are still being practiced or observed by the people today.  Activity FREEZE FRAME Participants create an image using their bodies – with no movement. Every group must create 2 frames and send your 20pts Creativity creativity to our GC. 20pts Message TOPIC : Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop 10pts Teamwork Culture Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics TEACHER LEE LORETO Dear Creator of all, As we gather here today, we come before you with open hearts and eager minds. We are grateful for the opportunity to learn and grow together. Grant us wisdom and understanding as we embark on this journey of knowledge. Help us to be patient and respectful with one another, recognizing the unique gifts and perspectives that each of us brings to this classroom. May we support and encourage each other, fostering a spirit of cooperation and kindness.  Guide us to seek truth and knowledge with humility and curiosity. Give us the courage to ask questions and the resilience to persevere through challenges. Bless our teachers who guide us and our families who support us. May our efforts be fruitful, and may we find joy in our pursuit of learning. Amen. +20 Let’s Dance ACTIVITY FREEZE FRAME STEM GRADE 12 PLANCK & ELECTRO TOPIC : Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture  Cultural and Sociopolitical Development Paleolithic Period Use of simple pebble tools. Learned to live in caves. (Old Stone Age) Discovered the use of fires. 3 million years to 8,000 B.C. Developed small sculptures; and monumental painting, incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves. “Food-collecting cultures”  Cultural and Sociopolitical Development Stone tools were shaped by Neolithic Age polishing or grinding. Settlement in permanent (New Stone Age) villages. Occurred sometime about Dependence on 10,000 BCE domesticated plants or animals. Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving. “Food-producing cultures”  Cultural and Sociopolitical Development The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron produced a new Age of Metals historical development form cradles civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, 4,000 B.C. – 1,500 B.C Persia, including India and China which later on spread throughout Asia. The civilization which defines to a more developed social, cultural, political and economic system. It had already direct contacts through tribes, kingdoms, empire and later on state which the constant political activities were through conquest, wars and trade.  The Early Types of Societies Hunting and Gathering Society  The Early Types of Societies Type of Society Technology Economy Settlements Social Organizations A.Hunting Very simple Bare Nomadic All resting and – fire, necessities 25-40 within Gathering arrow, – no surplus people family. Society baskets  The Early Types of Societies Horticultural And Pastoral Society  The Early Types of Societies Type of Society Technology Economy Settlements Social Organizations B. Digging Simple crop Semiperman Family- centered; Horticultural sticks, cultivation, ent – some Religious system And occasionally some cities begins to Pastoral blade tools. surplus and occasionally develop, moderate Society exchange. kingdoms. specialization; Presence of social inequality.  The Early Types of Societies Agrarian Society  The Early Types of Societies Type of Society Technology Economy Settlements Social Organizations C. Agrarian Irrigation, Largely Permanent Family loses agricultural but significance as Society Fertilization, urbanization much surplus; distinctive becoming Metallurgy, increased religious, market important political, and Animal- exchange and empires economic drawn substantial covering system emerged. plow. trade. continent. Increased presence of social inequality.  The Early Types of Societies Industrial Society  The Early Types of Societies Type of Society Technology Economy Settlements Social Organizations D. Industrial Advance Industrial – few Permanent – Complex set of engage in urban living interdependent Society sources of agriculture or predominating. institutions. energy; direct Cities now Mechanized production; contain most of Much surplus; the population. production. Fully developed The rise of state. market economy Components of Culture Components of Culture MOVABLE IMMOVABLE Components of Culture Movable tangible heritage pieces are often removed from the sites where they were found and transferred to museums for safekeeping and maintenance. MOVABLE Components of Culture Immovable tangible heritage pieces are often left to the elements of nature (i.e., rain, wind, sand, sun), which makes them vulnerable to decay and IMMOVABLE corrosion. OBJECTIVES explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization  Study the Case Read the case and provide a short description to complete the table.  Study the Case Genie's story came to light on November 4, 1970, in Los Angeles, California. A social worker discovered the 13-year-old girl after her mother sought out services for her own health. The social worker soon discovered that the girl had been confined to a small room, and an investigation by authorities quickly revealed that the child had spent most of her life in this room, often tied to a potty chair. She spent almost her entire childhood locked in a bedroom, isolated and abused for over a decade.  Study the Case Genie's life prior to her discovery was one of utter deprivation. She spent most of her days tied naked to her potty chair only able to move her hands and feet. When she made noise, her father would beat her. Her father, mother, and older brother rarely spoke to her. The rare times her father did interact with her, it was to bark or growl. STUDY THE CASE  If you are in Genie's life, what will you do? Are you going to fight for your life or end it?  As of today, what is the biggest lesson you have learned from your family and friends that molded you? SOCIALIZATION ❑ is a form of interaction by which people acquire personality and learn the way of life of their society. ❑ is considered the essential link between the individual and society. SOCIALIZATION ❑ is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs. ❑ This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run smoothly. SOCIALIZATION – 3 KEY PARTS CONTEXT CONTENT AND RESULTS PROCESS SOCIALIZATION – 3 KEY PARTS ❖refers to the culture, language, social structures and one’s position within that society. ❖includes history and the roles people and institutions around them performed in the past. CONTEXT  SOCIALIZATION – 3 KEY PARTS ❖comprise the work of this undertaking ❖the span of socialization, the methods used, the people involved, and the type of experience. CONTENT AND PROCESS SOCIALIZATION – 3 KEY PARTS ❖the outcome of socialization and refer to the way a person conceives and conducts after undergoing this process. RESULTS  Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation. There are two kinds: Tangible cultural heritage and Intangible cultural heritage. Can you give examples of them? ACTIVITY #1  ACTIVITY #2 I would like you to conduct research on 15 different national and local museums, as well as historical sites. For each museum or heritage site, please provide a brief background.  ASSIGNMENT  Collect or ask pictures from your family, friends, schoolmates, clubs which you are a member of, your favorite girl groups or boy groups, etc.  ¼ size of illustration board and any designs and artwork materials.  Plastic Cover MY SOCIAL GROUP COLLAGE Rubrics  25 points Creativity (artistry)  25 points Content (relevance to the topic)  25 points Originality (uniqueness, own work)  25 points Timeliness Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society 6.53 & Politics Teacher Lee Loreto PRAYER Father God, Be with us today. Fill our hearts with joy. Fill our minds with learning. Fill our classrooms with peace. Fill our lessons with fun. Fill our friendship with kindness. Fill our school with love. Amen. 2 +20 6.53 CLASS RULES ❖Everyone deserves respect. ❖When someone else is talking, listen. ❖Raise your hand if you have questions. 4 CLASS RULES ❖Participate in all activities. ❖ Clean as you go. 5 OTHER REMINDERS ❑Always bring face mask. ❑ Sanitize your hands frequently. ❑Wash your hand with soap frequently. 6 LET’S DANCE 7 3 1 4 5 7 6 2 8 REVIEW 9 REVIEW In your opinion, what were the greatest lesson that you have learned from your parents and friends? 10 REVIEW "Do you believe that without any of the four biological capacities necessary for humans to develop culture, they would be unable to function in society?" Why? 11 REVIEW Explain in your own words, using your comfortable language, the word “Socialization”. 12 OBJECTIVE Identify the different forms and functions of state institutions.  INSTITUTION It is an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, especially one of a public, educational, or charitable character.  STATE is an organized political community acting under a government and united by a common set of laws. It uses absolute power in directing the path of the society.  FORMS OF STATES Authoritarian Government - varies in who holds power and how much control they have over the people they govern. Monarchy Totalitarian 16  MONARCHY is a form of government in which supreme power is vested in a single individual who serves as the head of state, typically for life or until abdication. Thailand Norway United Belgium Japan Kingdom 17  MONARCHY 6.53 TOTALITARIAN is a political system to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life. Permits no individual freedom. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler North Korea under the Kim Dynasty People’s Republic of China under Mao Zedong 19  TOTALITARIAN 6.53 he.gem.o.ny – noun- leadership or dominance, especially FORMS OF STATES by one country or social group over others. Oligarchic Government - is a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small-elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military, or religious hegemony. Theocracy 21 THEOCRACY is a government by divine guidance or by official who are regarded as divinely guided. Saudi The Iran Arabia Vatican 22  THEOCRACY 6.53 United States of America FORMS OF STATES Canada Columbia Democratic Government – South Africa Italy Democracy – is a form of government in which the right governs is held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state. All citizens have equal access to power All citizens enjoy universally recognized freedoms and liberties. Philippines New Zealand 24  DEMOCRACY 6.53 ROLES OF THE STATES 1 2 State ensures security State provides security against internal against external disturbances disorders aggressions and war. For and crimes. For this this purpose, the state purpose, the state maintains an army. maintains police. 26 ROLES OF THE STATES 3 4 State legally grants The state issues and and guarantees the regulates currency rights of the people. and coinage. 27 ROLES OF THE STATES 5 6 State undertakes steps for the creation of necessary State grants citizenship conditions for the socio- and protects their economic-politico-cultural development of the interests and rights. people. 28 ROLES OF THE STATES 7 8 State conducts foreign State secures the goals relations, foreign trade, of national interest in and economic international relations relations. 29 1.What is the form of government in which the right to governs is held by the majority of its citizens? A. Monarchy C. Totalitarianism B. Democracy D. Theocracy 31 2. What is the political system that a citizen will surrender his/her freedom and private life to the state? A. Monarchy C. Totalitarianism B. Democracy D. Theocracy 32 3. The Queen has recently died, and the whole United Kingdom is grieving for the loss of their leader. What type of governance does the United Kingdom have? A. Monarchy C. Totalitarianism B. Democracy D. Theocracy 33 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? I. Theocracy is a government by divine guidance or by official who are regarded as divinely guided. II. Democracy is a form of government in which the right to governs is held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state. III.A monarchy is a form of government in which absolute power is vested in a single person, the hero of the country. A. I & III C. I B. II D. III 34 5. Miss Jackson has equal access to power and has the right to vote. In which country do you think she lives? A. The Vatican C. Philippines B. Saudi Arabia D. Thailand 35 ACTIVITY ❑Identify the different Philippine agencies that fulfill the roles of the state. ASSIGNMENT ❑Read in advance about non-state institution in the Philippines government. Be kind to one another. Understanding Culture, Society 6.53 & Politics Teacher Lee Loreto PRAYER Father God, Be with us today. Fill our hearts with joy. Fill our minds with learning. Fill our classrooms with peace. Fill our lessons with fun. Fill our friendship with kindness. Fill our school with love. Amen. 2 +20 6.53 5 2 3 6 1 4 7 4 REVIEW MONARCHY REVIEW DEMOCRACY 5 7 REVIEW THEOCRACY REVIEW TOTALITARIAN 1 3 10 A LOGO MO KO! G C E B H D F If given the chance to work at the mentioned agency, which agency and why? 12 What do you think will happen if there is no Department of Education? 13  2 OBJECTIVE 4 Identify the different forms and functions of non-state institutions.  INSTITUTION It is an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, especially one of a public, educational, or charitable character.  STATE is an organized political community acting under a government and united by a common set of laws. It uses absolute power in directing the path of the society.  NON-STATE Non-state institutions are people and/ or organization that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation.  BANKS Bank is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers. Banks are in operation mainly for their deposits and lending functions. 18 6 5 19 COMMERCIAL BANK ✓ Financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit cards, debit cards, and check ✓ Provide business, individual, and personal loans, enabling commercial banks to earn interest ✓ serve as payment agents within and outside the country through wire transfer ✓ Subjected to more regulations INVESTMENT BANK ✓ Financial intermediaries that performs a variety of services for businesses and some government ✓ Issues securities to the investing public ✓ Make markets, facilities, mergers, and other corporate reorganizations ✓ Acts as brokers for institutional clients ✓ Under the supervision of regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), FINRA, and the US Treasury ✓ Subjected to fewer regulations Here is the list of top investment banks in the Philippines ABCapitalOnline.com, Inc. Asian Alliance Investment Corporation Asian Focus Group Inc. BPI Capital Corporation Eastgate Capital Partners, Inc. First Abacus Financial Holdings Corporation First Metro Investment Corporation FSG Capital Inc. Insular Investment & Trust Corporation Investment & Capital Corporation of the Philippines Mabuhay Capital Corporation, Inc. Medco Holdings, Incorporated Navarro Amper & Co PNB Capital and Investment Corporation  CORPORATIONS It is a form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors. 26  CORPORATIONS They were created by individuals, stockholders or shareholders, with the purpose of operating for profit. 27  CORPORATIONS They have all legal rights of an individual, except for the right to vote and certain limitations. 28  CORPORATIONS They are given the right to exist by the state that issues their charter. 29  COOPERATIVES are people-centers enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. 31  COOPERATIVES Cooperatives are businesses governed on the principle of one member, one vote. 32 COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: They often provide quality goods and services to areas that have been shunned by traditional businesses because they are deemed less profitable COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: They typically invest in local communities COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: Since most cooperative members are local residents, business profits remain and circulate in the community COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: Cooperative membership builds social networks and strengthens social cohesion which are essential elements of a strong, healthy communities by connecting diverse community residents COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: Purchasing cooperatives help small, local businesses remains competitive within markets dominated by large, national retailers. COOPERATIVES - PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH FOR SEVERAL KEY REASONS: Worker cooperatives create quality, empowering jobs for community members. TRADE UNIONS/LABOR UNIONS organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for common interest of its members. TRADE UNIONS/LABOR UNIONS They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. TRADE UNIONS/LABOR UNIONS They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the management and workers. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS (TAGS) They are particularly visible in contentious areas as human rights, environmental issues, international peace, and women’s rights. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS (TAGS) They have specific roles to partake that can be achieved through effective measures, case-specific methods, and activities. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS (TAGS) TAGS is the formation and development of their advocacies and campaigns that represent causes, ideas, values, and beliefs.  DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES have been established to develop the cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society.  DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES have been established to develop the cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society. International Non-government Organization Organization  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION is an institution with membership drawn from two or more countries. Its activities transcend national boundaries as it facilitates cooperation among its members in the performance of one or more tasks. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION A public organization is an international government organization (IGO) with states as its members. United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union (EU), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) World Health Organization (WHO). INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION A private organization has a membership of individuals or groups and is an international nongovernment organization (INGO) that originate for reasons other than politics: International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION ▪ is a non-profit group that functions independently of any government. ▪ serves the social or political goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes. ▪ aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies. ❑ IBON Foundation. ❑ Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. ❑ ChildHope Asia. ❑ Habitat for Humanity Philippines (HFHP) ❑ Pro-Life Philippines. ❑ Philippine Red Cross. ❑ Haribon Foundation. ❑ Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands  ACTIVITY You are the Secretary of any Philippines Department/Agencies and tasked to create or organize your own non- governmental organization that will address any issues in the Philippines. To accomplish this task, create a simple project proposal using the template. Be kind to one another. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Teacher Lee Loreto PRAYER Father God, Be with us today. Fill our hearts with joy. Fill our minds with learning. Fill our classrooms with peace. Fill our lessons with fun. Fill our friendship with kindness. Fill our school with love. Amen. 2 +20 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6  Anna enjoys doing things with her family. Every Sunday, they go to church and eat in their favorite fast-food restaurant after the church service. In what social group does her family belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Florante and Johnson joined Tagisan ng Talino at Katha, a quiz bee contest. They placed second among all the contestants. Some of the contestants who belonged to their ___________ congratulated them. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Kim has just transferred in his new school. He meets new friends, Leo and Mark. They like spending their free time in the library. Soon they become good friends. In what social group do his friends in school belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Gilas Pilipinas represented the Philippines in the SEA Games Basketball Tournament. They completed against other basketball teams from Southeast Asian countries. Their opponent teams are considered ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Sexbomb Girls popularized some novelty songs and dances. Children nowadays still idolize them. This is an example of ___________. A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Maria teaches Social Science to Grade 11 students in senior high school. She joined her co-teachers during the educational trip. In what social group do her co-teachers belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Lorie likes singing a lot. One day she decides to join the Glee Club and becomes friends with all the members of the club. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Primary Group B. Out-group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Marian Rivera is one of the famous artists in the Philippines. Some celebrities admire her beauty, acting skills and compassion. For them, Marian belongs to their ___________. A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Lee belongs to Generation Z, a generation of youth who are technologically advanced and competitive. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Alex Gonzaga is a well-known Filipino vlogger. She has many social media followers. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Anna enjoys doing things with her family. Every Sunday, they go to church and eat in their favorite fast-food restaurant after the church service. In what social group does her family belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Florante and Johnson joined Tagisan ng Talino at Katha, a quiz bee contest. They placed second among all the contestants. Some of the contestants who belonged to their ___________ congratulated them. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Kim has just transferred in his new school. He meets new friends, Leo and Mark. They like spending their free time in the library. Soon they become good friends. In what social group do his friends in school belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Gilas Pilipinas represented the Philippines in the SEA Games Basketball Tournament. They completed against other basketball teams from Southeast Asian countries. Their opponent teams are considered ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Sexbomb Girls popularized some novelty songs and dances. Children nowadays still idolize them. This is an example of ___________. A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Maria teaches Social Science to Grade 11 students in senior high school. She joined her co-teachers during the educational trip. In what social group do her co-teachers belong? A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Lorie likes singing a lot. One day she decides to join the Glee Club and becomes friends with all the members of the club. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Primary Group B. Out-group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Marian Rivera is one of the famous artists in the Philippines. Some celebrities admire her beauty, acting skills and compassion. For them, Marian belongs to their ___________. A. Network C. Reference Group B. Primary Group D. Secondary Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Lee belongs to Generation Z, a generation of youth who are technologically advanced and competitive. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  Alex Gonzaga is a well-known Filipino vlogger. She has many social media followers. This is an example of ___________. A. In-group C. Out-group B. Network D. Reference Group JUMPSTART PRACTICE QUIZ  REFLECT IT! READ AND REFLECT ON THE SHORT ESSAY THEN ANSWER THE GUIDE QUESTIONS.  MAN AS A SOCIAL ANIMAL BY: MA. TERESA B. BERONDO “Man is by nature a social animal.” This is a famous line by Aristotle, a well-known ancient philosopher. What does it mean? Do we take its meaning literally? Or does it have a deeper meaning beyond the actual words?  MAN AS A SOCIAL ANIMAL BY: MA. TERESA B. BERONDO Since the human being is considered the highest form of animal, it can literally mean that man by nature is armored with mechanisms like language and reason that he uses to interact with others. In a deeper sense, human beings cannot exist in this world alone. People want the company of others to feel the love and care that they need. This feeling of closeness can be found in our own family, close friends, and personal relationships.  MAN AS A SOCIAL ANIMAL BY: MA. TERESA B. BERONDO Also, people form a social group with common interest and similar perspectives in life despite their differences in terms of personality, behavior, family background and other personal qualities. As human beings form social groups, they create social relation with others that are mutually beneficial to each other. This makes them engage in common aspirations and support each other’s beliefs.  MAN AS A SOCIAL ANIMAL BY: MA. TERESA B. BERONDO As man gets together and interacts with one another based on relationships, common identity, and culture, man is indeed a social animal.  REFLECT IT! DO YOU BELIEVE THAT MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL? WHY OR WHY NOT? REFLECT IT! HOW DOES MAN BECOME A SOCIAL ANIMAL BASED ON THE ESSAY? REFLECT IT! HOW IMPORTANT IS HUMAN INTERACTION IN BUILDING THE NATION?  REFLECT IT! DO YOU THINK THAT THESE SOCIAL GROUPS SHAPE YOUR BELIEFS, BEHAVIOR, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF YOUR CULTURE? WHY OR WHY NOT? PLEASE GIVE AN EXAMPLE.  OBJECTIVES Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations. o understand the meaning of social groups; o examine the sociological perspectives about social groups; o differentiate the various forms of social groups; o analyze the functions of social groups; and o determine your social groups.  SOCIAL GROUPS A multitude of people who see each Fundamental parts other often and of human life think of themselves as part of a group. The discipline of Sociology focuses primarily on the study of social groups in a society.  SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OR PERSPECTIVES. Different sociological perspectives enable sociologists to view social issues through a variety of useful lenses.  Sociological Theories or Perspectives Sociological Level of Analysis Focus Perspective The way each part of Structural Functionalism Macro or Mid society functions together to contribute to the whole The way inequalities contribute to social Conflict Theory Macro differences and perpetuate differences in power One-to-one interactions Symbolic Interactionism Macro and communications  STRUCTURAL – FUNCTIONAL THEORY  also called  Hebert Spencer (1820–1903)  social institutions functionalism, English philosopher and or patterns of beliefs biologist and behaviors focused on  sees society as a  who saw similarities meeting social needs, such as structure with between society and the government, education, human body interrelated parts family, healthcare, religion, designed to meet the  He argued that just as the and the economy. various organs of the body biological and social work together to keep the needs of the body functioning, the various parts of society individuals in that work together to keep society. society functioning (Spencer 1898)  STRUCTURAL – FUNCTIONAL THEORY  also called  Émile Durkheim,  Social Facts functionalism, another early sociologist are the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs,  sees society as a believed that society is a customs, fashions, rituals, structure with complex system of and all of the cultural rules interrelated and interrelated parts interdependent parts that that govern social life designed to meet the (Durkheim 1895). Each of work together to maintain biological and social these social facts serves one stability (Durkheim 1893), and or more functions within a needs of the that society is held together society.. individuals in that by shared values, languages, and symbols.  Social Solidarity society. social ties within a group  STRUCTURAL – FUNCTIONAL THEORY  also called  Robert Merton (1910–  Manifest Functions functionalism, 2003), are the consequences of structural functionalist a social process that are  sees society as a sought or anticipated structure with pointed out that social  Latent Functions processes often have many interrelated parts functions are the unsought designed to meet the consequences of a social biological and social process. needs of the  Dysfunctions individuals in that Social processes that society. have undesirable consequences for the operation of society  STRUCTURAL – FUNCTIONAL THEORY Structural Functionalism is a sociological theory that explains how different parts of society (such as institutions, laws, and norms) work together to maintain stability and keep society functioning as a whole. Each part serves a role, like organs in a body, to ensure that society remains balanced and operates smoothly. For example, schools educate people, businesses provide jobs, and governments make rules. All of these parts work together to help society function properly.  CONFLICT THEORY  looks at society as a  Karl Marx (1818–1883)  False Consciousness competition for German philosopher and proletarian’s inability to limited resources sociologist see her real position within the class system, who saw society as being made up of two classes, the  Class Consciousness bourgeoisie (capitalist) and or a common group the proletariat (workers), identity as exploited who must compete for social, proletarians and potential material, and political revolutionaries resources such as food and housing, employment, education, and leisure time.  CONFLICT THEORY  looks at society as a  Max Weber  noted that different competition for groups were affected German sociologist differently based on limited resources agreed with some of Marx’s education, race, and main ideas, but also believed gender, and that people’s that in addition to economic reactions to inequality inequalities, there were were moderated by class inequalities of political power differences and rates of and social structure that social mobility, as well as caused conflict. by perceptions about the legitimacy of those in power.  CONFLICT THEORY Conflict Theory is a way of looking at society that focuses on the struggles between different groups over resources and power. In simple terms: 1.Inequalities: Some people or groups have more resources, like money or power, while others have less. 2.Social Differences: These inequalities create differences between people and groups in society. For example, wealthier people might have better access to education and healthcare compared to those with less money.  CONFLICT THEORY 3. Perpetuating Power: The groups with more resources often use their power to keep their advantages and maintain their position, while those with fewer resources struggle to change their situation. So, Conflict Theory highlights how these power struggles and inequalities shape society and keep differences in power going.  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST THEORY  is a micro-level theory  Looking-glass Self (1902)  “Looking-glass” is an that focuses on Charles Horton Cooley archaic term for a mirror, so Cooley theorized that meanings attached to describe how a person’s self we “see” ourselves when human interaction, of self grows out of interactions with others we interact with others. both verbal and non- verbal, and to 1. we see how others react to us, symbols. 2. we interpret that reaction 3. we develop a sense of self based on those interpretations  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST THEORY Symbolic Interactionism is a way to understand how people create and interpret meanings through their interactions and communication with each other. In simple terms: 1.One-to-One Interactions: This theory focuses on how people interact with each other on a personal level, like in conversations or small group settings. 2.Communication: Through these interactions, people exchange symbols (like words, gestures, and expressions) that have specific meanings.  SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST THEORY 3. Creating Meaning: People use these symbols to understand and make sense of their social world. For example, a smile can mean happiness, friendliness, or approval. So, Symbolic Interactionism looks at how everyday interactions and communication help shape our understanding of the world and our relationships with others.  FORMS OF SOCIAL GROUP Groups are formed as an assemblage of people who often interact with each other on the basis of a common outlook concerning behavior and a sense of common identity.  FORMS OF SOCIAL GROUP A social group may consist of two or more individuals who do things together with a common goal and interest.  FORMS OF SOCIAL GROUP Examples: family church mate neighborhood relatives schoolmate organization couples co-workers team mate friends business clubs  GROUP Hughes and Kroeler, ( Kornblum, 2003). 2009  Is any collection of  is consist of two or  is comprised of two or people who more people who more persons who are interact on the in social interaction, are bound basis of shared who are guided by together in similar norms, values expectations regarding one relatively stable and expectations, and another’s patterns of social who maintain a stable behavior. interaction and pattern of relationship who share a over a period of time. feeling of unity  GROUP  Is a specified  it is a collection of number of individuals individuals where characterize by: each recognizes a) Communication members from non-member; b) Recognition c) Specialized roles Three Requirements for a group  Three Requirements for a group A.There must be two or more people. B.There must be interaction. C.The members must be together physically. Factors that influence Groups  Factors that influence Groups A. Motivational base shared by individuals (based on needs, interests, desires, noble activities, insecurities, or problems) There must be interaction. B. Size of the group  Factors that influence Groups C. Type of group goals D. The kind of a group cohesion/unity (the capability to function and interact collectively in the direction of their goals) Group is characterized by the following:  Group is characterized by the following: A. A group has identity identifiable by both its members and outsiders. B. A group has a social structure in the sense that each part or member has a position related to other positions.  Group is characterized by the following: C. Each member in a group has roles to play. D. There is mutual reciprocity among members in a group Group as distinguished from other Collection of People like:  Group as distinguished from other Collection of People like: Aggregate Category Collectivity  a simple collection of  a simple collection of  Collection of people in people who share people who are in the distinctive characteristics each place and time same place at the age, sex, race, same time without income/social class, occupation, religion,  Crowds, masses, interacting with each political beliefs, ethnicity) other public and social  Males/females in the society; the infants; movements are  People inside the children; youth; adults/ the temporary groups movie house, people aged; slum dwellers; the riding in an LRT/MRT middle class; the millionaires  IMPORTANCE OF A GROUP  A group is a major source of solidarity and cohesion.  A group reinforces and strengthens our integration into society.  A group shares basic survival and problem-solving techniques to satisfy personal and emotional needs.  A group gives meaning and support to an individual.  HOW IS A GROUP FORMED?  The desire to achieve an objective.  To meet the needs of the individual member  People are treated alike by others  CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS PRIMARY GROUPS SECONDARY GROUPS  personal and intimate relationship  Large  face to face communication  impersonal, aloof relationship  permanence duration  indirect communication  a strong sense of loyalty or “we” feeling  temporary duration  small in size  weak group cohesiveness based on self- interest  informal structure  rational decision-making  traditional or non-rational decision- making  formal structure  GROUP BOUNDARIES IN- GROUP OUT-GROUP REFERENCE GROUP  group with which the  viewed as outsiders by the  Group that is significant to individual identifies, and in-group; us as models even though which gives him sense of  Any member of the in-group we ourselves may not be a belonging, solidarity, has insufficient contact with part of the group. camaraderie, esprit de the members of the out-  Is one which an individual corps, and a protective group does not only have a high attitude toward the other  Members of the in-group regard for but one after members. have feelings of which he or she patterns  The members are loyal to strangeness, dislikes, his/her life each other and share avoidance, antagonism,  Its central aspect is self- common norms, activities, indifference and even hatred toward the out- identification rather than goals and background. group actual membership  TYPES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES FORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES INFORMAL GROUP BOUNDARIES  groups in which duties and privileges  Arises spontaneously out of the are clearly defined and expectations interactions of two or more people are prescribed, independent of the  - They are unplanned, have no explicit person who happens to occupy a rules for membership, and do not given position have specific objectives to be  - Individual roles are explicitly attained designed as president, v-president,  - The members exchange secretary, and treasurer confidences, share a feeling of  - With constitution or set of by-law intimacy and acquire a sense of belongingness.  CONSEQUENCES OF GROUP BOUNDARIES  people gain a  ethnocentrism  serious clearer sense may grow personal and of their social diversity. problems may arise  FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL GROUPS PRIMARY GROUPS SECONDARY GROUP  plays a vital part in the socialization  tend to relate to others only in process. specific roles and for practical  It forms the social nature and ideals reasons. of individuals especially in shaping the  This group helps in fulfilling various culture and personality where a types of human needs and brings person learns social norms, beliefs, about social awareness and social morals, and values change.  this group helps fulfill various special