UCSP PPT: Starting Points for Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Starting points for the understanding of culture, society, and politics MS.CRISTINE MAE R. ANCES  1 1.What QUESTION are human cultural variations ? S: 2.How culture affects social differences ? 3.How social change affects political identi...

Starting points for the understanding of culture, society, and politics MS.CRISTINE MAE R. ANCES  1 1.What QUESTION are human cultural variations ? S: 2.How culture affects social differences ? 3.How social change affects political identities?  2 Self-Identification Survey What is your gender?  3 Self-Identification Survey What is your ethnicity?  4 Self-Identification Survey How would you describe your socioeconomic class?  5 Self-Identification Survey What is your religion, if any?  6 Self-Identification Survey What is your nationality?  7 Self-Identification Survey Do you have any exceptionalities/n onexceptionality?  8 ACTIVITY # 1 Fishing bowl  9 What is Human Cultural Change Human cultural variation refers to the differences in cultural practices, beliefs, values, norms, and social behaviours among different human societies and groups. These variations are shaped by historical, geographical, environmental, social, and economic factors and manifest in numerous aspects of human life.  10 Key Aspects of Human Cultural Variation  11 LANGUAGE Linguistic Diversity : Different cultures have distinct languages, dialects, and linguistic structures that influence communication and thought processes. Writing Systems : Variations in writing systems include alphabets, logograms, and syllabaries, reflecting diverse ways of recording and transmitting information. EXAMPLE OF LOGOGRAMS EXAMPLE OF SYLLABARIES  12 RELIGION AND SPIRITUAL Religious Practices: Cultures follow BELIEFS various religions, each with unique rituals, traditions, and ethical codes, such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous beliefs. Spiritual Beliefs: Differences in beliefs about spirituality, the afterlife, and the supernatural shape cultural worldviews and  13 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Family Structures: Variations in family organization include nuclear families, extended families, matrilineal or patrilineal descent, and communal living arrangements. Gender Roles: Cultures have different expectations and roles for men, women, and non-binary individuals, influencing  14 CUSTOMS AND TRADITION Rituals and Celebrations: Unique rituals, festivals, and ceremonies mark significant life events, seasons, or historical milestones in different cultures. Dress and Adornment: Traditional clothing, jewellery, and body art vary widely, often carrying symbolic meanings and reflecting cultural identity.  15 DIET AND CUISINE Food Preferences: Cultural preferences for certain foods and dietary restrictions shape regional cuisines and eating habits. Cooking Methods: Distinct cooking techniques and food preparation methods are influenced by available  16 ART AND MUSIC Artistic Expression: Cultures produce unique forms of visual art, including painting, sculpture, and crafts, reflecting their values and aesthetics. Musical Traditions: Diverse musical styles, instruments, and performance practices characterize different cultures.  17 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Subsistence Strategies: Economic practices vary from hunting and gathering to agriculture, trade, and industrialization. Property and Wealth Distribution: Attitudes towards ownership, wealth distribution, and economic roles differ significantly among cultures.  18 EDUCATION AND Educational Systems: Cultures have KNOWLEDGE different approaches to education, including formal schooling, apprenticeships, and oral traditions. Knowledge Transmission: Methods of passing down knowledge and skills, whether through written texts, oral  19 HEALTH AND MEDICINE Medical Practices: Cultural beliefs influence health practices, including traditional medicine, healing rituals, and attitudes towards modern healthcare. Concepts of Well-being: Definitions of health and well-being differ, affecting how illnesses are perceived and treated.  20 HOUSING AND Building Styles: Architectural ARCHITECTURE styles reflect cultural values, environmental conditions, and technological advancements. Living Arrangements: Cultural norms influence housing layouts, communal spaces, and privacy levels.  21 LAW AND GOVERNANCE Legal Systems: Different legal frameworks, including customary law, religious law, and civil law, govern societies. Political Organization: Forms of governance, such as monarchies, democracies, and tribal councils, vary  22 VALUES AND NORMS Individualism vs. Collectivism: Some cultures emphasize individual rights and autonomy, while others prioritize community and collective well-being. Cultural Priorities: Values such as honour, hospitality, respect for elders, and time orientation (e.g., punctuality vs. flexibility) differ across cultures.  23 WHAT IS SOCIAL DIFFERENCE Social differences refer to the distinctions among people based on various social, cultural, economic, and demographic factors. These differences can influence individuals' roles, status, opportunities, and interactions within a society.  24 KEY ASPECTS OF SOCIAL DIFFERENCES  25 INCOME STATUS Income and Wealth: Variations in income and wealth create economic classes, such as the wealthy, middle class, and lower class, influencing access to resources and opportunities. Occupation: Differences in occupation can affect social status and lifestyle, with certain professions being more prestigious or lucrative than others.  26 EDUCATI Educational Attainment: Levels of ON education, from primary school to higher education, significantly affect job prospects, income potential, and social status. Access to Education: Inequities in access to quality education can perpetuate social differences and limit social mobility.  GENDER 27 Gender Roles and Expectations: Societal norms and cultural beliefs about gender roles can influence individuals' opportunities and behaviour. Gender Inequality: Differences in treatment and opportunities based on gender can result in disparities in income, employment, and social status.  29 RACE AND ETHNICITY Racial and Ethnic Identity: Social categorization based on race and ethnicity can impact individuals' experiences, opportunities, and treatment in society. Racism and Discrimination: Prejudice and systemic discrimination against certain racial or ethnic groups can lead to social inequalities and exclusion.  AGE 30 Generational Differences: Different age groups may have varying perspectives, experiences, and opportunities, often leading to distinct social roles. Ageism: Discrimination based on age can affect employment, social participation, and access to services.  RELIGION 31 Religious Beliefs and Practices: Differences in religious beliefs and practices can influence social norms, values, and community structures. Religious Discrimination: Individuals or groups may face discrimination or social exclusion based on their religious affiliation.  32 GEORAPHICAL LOCATION Urban vs. Rural: Differences between urban and rural areas can affect access to services, job opportunities, and quality of life. Regional Disparities: Economic and social development can vary significantly between regions, leading to disparities in opportunities and  33 CULTURAL BACKGROUND Cultural Practices: Variations in cultural practices, traditions, and languages can shape social identities and community belonging. Acculturation and Integration: The process of adapting to a new culture can create social differences between immigrants and the native population  SEXUAL ORIENTATION 34 AND GENDER IDENTITY LGBTQ+ Identity: Differences in sexual orientation and gender identity can affect social acceptance, rights, and opportunities. Discrimination and Inclusion: LGBTQ+ individuals may face social stigma, discrimination, and challenges in  35 DISABILITY Physical and Mental Disabilities: Differences in physical and mental abilities can affect individuals' participation in social, educational, and economic activities. Accessibility and Inclusion: The availability of support and accommodations for people with disabilities impacts their social  24 WHAT IS POLITICAL IDENTITIES ?  8 Political identities refer to the ways in which individuals categorize themselves and others based on political beliefs, affiliations, and values. These identities are often shaped by a combination of personal experiences, social influences, historical context, and cultural background. Political identities can influence how people perceive political issues, engage in political activities,  36 KEY ASPECTS OF POLITICAL IDENTITIES  37 PARTISANSHIP This involves identification with a specific political party, such as being a Democrat, Republican, Labour, Conservative, etc. Partisanship often dictates voting behaviour, policy preferences, and political loyalties.  38 IDEOLOGY Political identities can be shaped by broader ideological beliefs, such as liberalism, conservatism, socialism, libertarianism, etc. These ideologies provide a framework for understanding and responding to political issues.  39 ISSUE – BASED IDENTITY Individuals may form political identities around specific issues, such as environmentalism, gun rights, abortion, immigration, etc. These issue-based identities can sometimes cross traditional party lines.  40 SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY According to this theory, political identities are part of broader social identities. People derive a sense of pride and self-esteem from their group memberships, including political groups. This can lead to in- group favouritism and out-group  41 INTERSECTIONALI Political identities are often TY intersected with other aspects of identity, such as race, gender, class, religion, and sexuality. For instance, someone’s political identity might be informed by their experiences as a minority or as a member of a  42 GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE Regional and local contexts can significantly shape political identities. For example, urban and rural areas often have distinct political cultures and affiliations.  43 GENERATIONAL INFLUENCE Different generations may develop distinct political identities based on the historical events and social conditions they experience. For instance, younger generations might prioritize climate change more than older generations  MEDIA AND 44 COMMUNICATION The media plays a crucial role in shaping political identities by influencing how political information is framed and disseminated. Social media, in particular, has created new spaces  POLITICAL 45 SOCIALIZATION This refers to the lifelong process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and identities. Key agents of socialization include family, schools, peers, media, and significant life events. THANK YOU