UCSP_Lesson02_Defining-Culture-and-Society-from-the-Perspectives-of-Anthropology-and-Sociology-Autosaved(1).pptx

Lesson 2 – Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. define society and discuss its essential characteristics and elements; 2. define culture and discuss its var...

Lesson 2 – Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. define society and discuss its essential characteristics and elements; 2. define culture and discuss its various aspects and components; and 3. discuss ethnocentrism and cultural relativism as orientations in viewing other cultures. Week 2  Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Start Up: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a word that are related to Culture and Society. 1.ECNUTLUATRINO___________________ 2.STHENCONERTIM___________________ 3.GOYSOCILO_________________________ 4.SALIRCULUMTITUM___________________ Week 2  A. Society refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined Society – is a group territorial of individuals boundaries. sharing a common culture, geographical Week 1 location, and Society should have rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behavior among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17)  Human beings are considered to be naturally inclined to establish societies, since it is in interacting with others that they are able to ensure their survival by establishing mutually beneficial relationships with one another. It enables individuals to acquire necessary survival skills, maximize their Week 1  The classic definition of society is based on E.B. Taylor’s concept which states that society is “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.” Week 1  A society is characterized by the presence of the following elements: a) social solidarity, whereby members of the community live together for mutual benefit b) shared identity and culture among members that serve as basis for their patterns of action and behavior; Week 1  c) a common language; d) a large population and the ability to sustain succeeding generations of members; e) definite geographical area; f) political, economic, and social organization. Week 1  B. Definition of Culture Culture is one of the important bases that define and influence a society. It refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history and shared experiences, attitudes, as well as material objects and possessions accumulated over time and shared by the members of society. Week 2  Components 1. Technology of Culture 2. Symbols 3. Language 5. Norms 4. Values a. Folkways b. Mores Week 2  Elements of Culture Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation.  a. Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive b. Shared and contested (given the reality of social differentiation) C. c. Learned through Aspect socialization or enculturation d. Patterned social s of interactions Cultur e. Integrated and at times unstable e f. Transmitted through socialization/enculturation g. Requires language and other forms of communication Week 2  D. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism as Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures Ethnocentrism- diminishes or invalidates “other” ways of life and creates a distorted view of one’s own. As a result, this could affect individual behavior and relationships with other cultures. Week 2  Ethnocentrism  This term was coined by William Graham Sumner. It is the belief that your native culture is the most natural or superior way of understanding the world.  The word ethno comes from the Greeks and it refers to a people, nation or cultural grouping. The word centric comes from the Latin refers to center.  Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency of each society to place its own culture patterns at the center of things.  When do we become ethnocentric and what is our way out?  1. When you judge the behavior and beliefs of people who are different from you  Way out: You must stop judging others who are different from you.  2. When you believe that there are primitive cultures especially if their way of life is different from yours  Way out: Ethnocentrism is taught. You have to unlearn that your culture is superior and all others are inferior  3.When you believe that some cultures are backward if they lack the technology and consumerism of your own culture  Way out: All cultures provide their members with the means for meeting all human needs.  Extreme forms of ethnocentrism have led to wars or colonization. William Howard Taft, for example, once referred to the Filipinos as the Americans’ “little brown brothers” who needed to be supervised by the United States of America in establishing a society and government that approximates “Anglo American standards.” Week 2  Cultural Relativism- recognizes and accepts the cultural differences between societies. This view believes that every aspect of a culture can be justified by the context in which the culture has been formed. Interaction between members of different societies is more likely to succeed if everybody is aware and is respectful of cultural diversity. Week 2  Cultural Relativism  Itis a belief that maintains it does not matter whether cultures are either equal or different because equality and similarity does not necessarily translate to real or imagined inferiority / superiority of cultures out there.  Itpromotes greater appreciation of the cultures along the way  Itis a good way to rehearse the norms and values of society. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology References Books Serapio, M. (2016) Understanding Society, Culture & Politics. MINDSHAPERS CO., INC. Atienza, et. Al (2016) Understanding Society, Culture & Politics: for Senior High School. C & E Publishing Inc. Lanuza, G. & Raymundo, S. (2016) ) Understanding Society, Culture & Politics. Rex Bookstore Website https://lumen.instructure.com Week 2