UCSP-Lesson-2-continuation (4).pptx

Understandin g Society, Culture and Politics  Society Defined as an organized group or groups of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being. In reality, there can be no cult...

Understandin g Society, Culture and Politics  Society Defined as an organized group or groups of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being. In reality, there can be no culture without a society and so far there are no known human societies that do not  Culture Defined as the sum of an individual’s way of life. It also includes both the material and non- material things that he or she possesses or acquires. Non-material things are the norms and values as well as the intangible aspects of his or her existence: music, dance, poetry,  Politics Associated with how power is gained and employed to develop authority and influence in social affairs. The virtuosity of governance. Allied with government which is considered as the ultimate authority. Refers to the “theory, art, and practice of government.” The political institution is a relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms, and role behavior, which are involved in the acquisition and exercise of power and decision-making in society (Turner) (The Philippine government has 3 The government is a concrete example of a political institution. It exercises power especially in relation to governance and decision-making.  Politics Power – is the ability to influence others. It gives authority to lead. Order – is attained through obedience on the rules set by leaders. Justice – is felt in a society when  Gender The socially-constructed characteristics of being male or female. Refers to society’s division of humanity into two distinctive categories based on sex. While sex chiefly centers on biological  Socioeconomic Status This refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socioeconomic privileges in a society. In the Philippines, three types of social classes are identified: upper, middle and the lower  Ethnicity It is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group. An ethnic group refers to people who collectively and publicly identify themselves as distinct and unique based on distinguishable cultural features that set them apart from others, such as  Religion An organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or ritualistic practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyond human control.  Exceptionality Refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged conditions concerning personality/behavior, communication (learning disability, speech impairment, and hearing problems), intellect (mild intellectual and mental development disabilities), physical appearance (blind-low vision), or a combination of more than one specific exceptionality or disability.  Nationalit y Lastly, nationality is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country. Citizenship or nationality gives people a sense of identity and belongingness. Individuals who are legally born of Filipino parents and those naturalized in the Philippines are granted Filipino citizenship.  Conformit y The process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire. It has important social  Anthropology Derived from two Greek words, “anthropos” and logos, which intensively studies humans and the respective cultures where they were born and actively belong to. Considered the father, or even grandfather, of all social and behavioral sciences like sociology, economics, and psychology, to name a few. Franz Boas – father of American anthropology  Sociology It makes us aware that when we make decisions, it is within the context of our family, peers, school, nation, and other groups which form our social world. The study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. It is interested in describing and explaining human behavior, especially as it occurs within a social context (MW). It is less interested in the individuals than in the  Political Science Study of politics and power from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives. It entails understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war. : The Need for Studying Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior through Science Maurice Crosland, professor of History at the University of Kent, explains that science began with a common sense interpretation of the world around us, which later became sophisticated. He asserts that on seeing the word “science,” some people assume something modern and very technical, probably associated with a Introduction to the History of Sociology (1948), American Historian Harry Elmer Barnes asserts that the Industrial Revolution produced the social A. The Holistic Study of Humanity: Anthropology Anthropology derived from two Greek words, athropos and logos, which intensively study of human and the respective cultures where they were born and actively belong to. Considered the father, or even grandfather of all social and behavioural sciences like sociology, economics and physiology to name a few. The disciplined had its humble beginnings with early European explorers and their accounts, which produced initial impressions about the native peoples they Franz Boas strongly believed that the same method and strategy could be applied in measuring culture and human behaviour while conducting research among humans, including Alfred Kroeber and William Henry Morgan their specialization included the championing of indigenous rights, like traditional cultural preservation and ancestral domain of the American Indian tribes they intensively studied. Ruth Benedict founder of American Anthropology student of Franz Boas became a specialist in anthropology and folklore authored Patterns of Margaret Mead described the academic circle as controversial for intensively studying the sexual practices among native population Gave views to a relatively new liberal view on sex and sexual practices in the United States, at a time when most Americans were still labelled as conventional and conservative. Bronislaw Malinowski the distinct way of data-gathering from their respondents applies participant observation, which is the central to ethnography or the ethnographic approach B. Study of the Social World: Sociology Sociology is the study of society, social institution and social relationships. Being interested in describing and explaining human behaviour, especially s it occurs within a social context. Wright Mills (1959) sociological imagination, the vivid awareness of the relationship between private experience and the wider society Peter Berger explains that the perspective of sociology enables us to see “general patterns in particular events” Means finding general patterns in particular events. The first systematic study on suicide provides a good example Emile Durkheim’s pioneering study on suicide in the 1800s revealed that there are categories of people who are more likely to commit suicide W.I.Thomas American sociologist, formulated a theorem in 1928 which states: “if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.” if cult members consider their leader powerful, then he can perform magic. August Comte (1798- 1857) “invented” sociology in 1842, by bringing together the Greek word socius or “companion” and the Latin word logos or “study”. Father of Sociology He favored positivist, society operates according to certain laws, just as the physical world operates according to Karl Marx (1818-1883) the forerunner of the conflict theory (most important) wrote “The Communist Manifesto” with Friedrich Engels in 1847, reiterated that political revolution was vital in the evolutionary process of society He felt that conflict, revolution and the overthrow of capitalism He predicted that the bourgeoisie (middle class and owner of factories) would be overthrown by the proletariat (the factory workers), because they could no longer contain their frustration over the treatment that the former inflict on them. Although his prediction did not come true, sociologist still study his insights regarding class conflict, Herbert Spencer (1820- 1903) birth of sociology in his native England He first used the phrase “survival of the fittest” when he proposed the policy of noninterference in human affairs and society, believing that doing something to help the weak, poor and needy would interfere with the natural selection processes. “Enslavement of Blacks” Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) is the first French sociologist. He put forward the idea that individuals are more the products rather than the creators of society; the society itself is external to the individual. In his book “Suicide”, he proved that social forces strongly impact on people’s lives, and that a seemingly personal event is not personal after all. Max Weber (1864-1920) of Germany is the most important proponent of interpretive sociology. He believed that a “sympathetic understanding, verstehen, of the mind of others” was essential to understanding the behavior of others. Weber asserted that religion is very Development of Sociology in the Philippines  First Phases Sociology was looked upon as social philosophy Orientation started with the social philosophy in college and university offerings and taught as social philosophy. It was introduced by Fr. Valentin Marin initiated a course on criminology at the UST, there was little emphasis on the scientific nature of sociology.  Second Phases Sociology was viewed as a problem or welfare-oriented discipline. Sociology was seen as a field in which the focus is on analyzing poverty, crime, unemployment and other problems that plague society. Serafin Macaraig, the first Filipino to acquire a doctorate in sociology and the first to write a sociology textbook, An introduction to Sociology published in 1938.  Third Phases Sociology started to take the scientific orientation. Started with the increased number of educational exchange program grantees, establishment of social science research centers and councils, growing frequency of conferences and publication of professional journals. The data collection for the government by pioneer Filipino sociologist Benicio Catapusan on rural Philippines became the benchmark for the distribution of economic aid to the different regions. Presently, the mainstreaming of sociology is evident as sociologists appear in mass media, particularly in public affairs program. Prof. Randy David, arguable the most prominent Filipino sociologist, writes for the Philippine, Daily Inquirer, his column, Public B. Study of Politics: Political Science Politics as an ART  When we talk art, we look at the style, character, behaviour, preference, language and culture. Politics is played with a style, depending on the character and behaviour of the leader. The constituent choose their leader based on their preference. Leader use their charisma in influencing the people. Politics as a SCIENCE Science is commonly defined as the knowledge derived from the experiment and observation systematically done. Policy- making and government decision are done through research, investigation, analysis, validation, planning, execution and evaluation.  Studying politics, we systematically study the state and the government, known as political science. It works with other fields of social sciences, including sociology and anthropology, in understanding how government performs and how politics and governance Convergence of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science: A Focus on Society, Culture and Politics. Similarities Anthropology, sociology and political science share a common interest, particular on the subject matter of society of which we are a part of. Societies have forms of government and are founded on cultural processes. Hence, culture, society and politics co-exist. One does not or cannot exist without the others. Differences Culture and society may have some common elements but they also have differences. The essential differences is that society is composed of interacting people, while culture consist of knowledge, ideas, customs, traditions, folkways, mores, belief, skills, institutions, organization and artifacts that societies create. Activity No. 1 My Own Collage Directions: Using various materials like pictures in magazines, newspapers and brochures. Create a collage that reflects your understanding of anthropology, sociology and political science. Use a short bond paper. 5 student will share their activity. in Refer to the rubric for scoring. Submission: at the Google Classroom 1:00 pm on Monday CATEGO 5 points 3 points 2 points 1point RY Only a few Most of the All of the graphics graphics or None of the graphics or or objects used in objects reflect graphics objects used in Creativi the collage reflect a student or objects ty the collage degree of student creativity, but reflects reflect student creativity in their the ideas were student creativity in display typical rather creativity. their display than creative. Graphics are not an appropriate Graphics are cut to 3-4 graphics size an are shape. Glue appropriate size, 1-2 graphics lacking in marks shape and are are design or evident. arranged neatly. lacking in placement. Most of the Activity No 2. Power Organizer Directions: Using the power organizer, write the most important details about the nature and goals of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science in your bond paper 1. ______ 2. ______ Important details about the nature and goals of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science 1. ______ 1. ______ 2. ______ 2. ______