UCSP L11 Definitions and Nature of Socialization and Personality PDF

DEFINITIONS AND NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY LESSON OBJECTIVE: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding  SOCIALIZATION Socialization – refers to the lifelong process of learning and relearning as people move from different stages of...

DEFINITIONS AND NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONALITY LESSON OBJECTIVE: Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding  SOCIALIZATION Socialization – refers to the lifelong process of learning and relearning as people move from different stages of growth and development, or from one social group to another (Panopio, 1996) Personality – is the organization of biological, psychological, social, cultural, and moral factors that underline a person’s behaviour. It refers to a more or less enduring organization of forces within the individuals, associated with a complex of fairly consistent attitudes, values and modes of perception which account, in part, for the individual’s consistency of behaviour.(Barrnow, 1963) Factors that Influence Personality Development 1. Biological Inheritance or HEREDITY. Heredity refers to the physical and mental traits transmitted by the parents to their offspring through the germ plasma. 2. Environment. The physical surroundings, both natural and artificial, which affect the growth and development and existence of living organisms. It refers to the geographic, cultural and social environment. Theories on Personality Development 1. Freud’s Theory of Socialization. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese psychologist, holds that personality consist of three major systems, namely: a. Id. The reservoir of sexual and aggressive urges. It is centered on the satisfaction of the basic needs like food and sex and dominated by pleasure principle. Theories on Personality Development B. Ego. The rational part of the self that interprets the information obtained through the senses and that realistic and acceptable waysof satisfying biological cravings. The cognitive and intellectual process are controlled by the ego. C. Superego. The conscience that stands for the internalized ideas of right or wrong, the traditional morals of the society. Anxiety- an unpleasant state accompanied by physical sensation that warns the person about an impending danger  TYPES OF ANXIETY 1.Id- Neurotic Anxiety 2.Superego- Moral Anxiety 3.Ego- Realistic Anxiety  Defense Mechanism Strategies used by the ego to protect itself from unpleasant/threatening experiences or emotions (all kinds of Anxiety) Repression- Forcing down emotions, impulses, or memories down the unconscious to reduce anxiety by effectively “forgetting” them. Denial Reaction Formation- reciprocate the feeling Sublimation- converting the unpleasant emotion/experience into a more socially acceptable form. 2. Cultural Determinism Theory. A theory held by various anthropologists’ view on culture and the cultural environment as the main factor that determines human behaviour. 3. Symbolic Interactionism Theory. The basic idea of this theory is that personality is the result of the interaction between individuals mediated by symbols or language. 4. Biological Determinism Theory. This theory views the inherited biological structures as the main factor that determines behavior. 5. Labelling Theory. Personality is viewed as the result of the society’s labelling of human behavior as either good or bad.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION 1.Family 2.Peer Groups 3.The Media 4. The School 5. The Workplace SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES Sex refers to the general classification of human beings as males and females based on the differences of their primary sex organs and their anatomical biological characteristics. SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES Gender connotes the physical, social, and cultural differences between males and females. Bases for classifications are sex-role stereotyping, cultural prescriptions and proscriptions. It is a result of socialization. SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES Gender Identity refers to the conception that we have of ourselves as men or women as a result of socialization.