Aspects of Culture and Society PDF

ASPECTS OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY (DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE, & ADAPTIVE; AND SHARED & CONTESTED) GROUP 3  CULTURE AND SOCIETY Culture and society are two different concepts. Each has its own meaning and function.  CULTURE According to Edward...

ASPECTS OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY (DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE, & ADAPTIVE; AND SHARED & CONTESTED) GROUP 3  CULTURE AND SOCIETY Culture and society are two different concepts. Each has its own meaning and function.  CULTURE According to Edward B. Tylor, culture is "that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society." Culture also encompasses social institutions like the family, church, school, and government. Our culture defines who we are, whatever it is that we do is part of our culture.  SOCIETY Society can be defined as the interaction among people where a common culture can be shared. Society can also refer to people from a particular place that shares the same culture. For example, people from Bicol love spicy food while people from Iloilo are known to be sweet and caring.  THE RELATIONSHIP OF CULTURE AMD SOCIETY Culture and society are two closely related concepts. For culture to exist and to be developed, it needs human interaction. It needs people to interact with one another, and it needs people to practice it continuously. Without a society practicing their common culture, the culture may cease to exist. A society without culture is like a body without a soul and vice versa. Culture and society need each other so they can both develop and prosper. In the aspect of music, we can see that music may change from time to time. The traditional music during the 1920s was mostly jazz, ragtime, and Broadway music while the popular music during the 1970s was disco music. Because we are now more inclined to use computers and tablets especially when playing games, some children are not able to play street games anymore. This pushed some game developers to introduce Filipino street games as video games.  When it comes to language, we can also see how culture adapts to changing times. We have already developed new words related to the internet like memes, netizens, vines, and others. ASPECTS OF CULTURE: DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE There are different aspects of culture like art, music, language, food, daily life, clothing, and religion to name a few. These aspects of culture show us that culture is dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. ASPECTS OF CULTURE: DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE Culture constantly changes and adapts to the current state of society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs do not fit in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant. ASPECTS OF CULTURE: DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTIVE Culture is learned and acquired through different interactions with people. Culture is a shared learning experience. Because culture constantly changes, we get to share the learning process with other people.  If culture is learned and shared, it is also contested in various ways and situations. Because of diversity, culture is subjected to debate and analysis.  ASPECTS OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY (Learned Through Socialization/Enculturation and Transmitted Through Socialization/Enculturation) SOCIALIZATION AND ECULTURATION Society is different from culture. Within a society are many diverse cultures. While the members of society share many of the same expectations and experiences, the cultural groups create some that differentiate them from others in the community.  SOCIALIZATION Is the process through which people learn to understand societal norms or expectations and societal values as members of society.  ENCULTURATION Is the process by which an individual adopts the behavior patterns of the culture he or she is immersed in.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION There are different agents of socialization−the family, community, mass media, and religion. 1.FAMILY The family is the first social group that we all have. It is considered as the most important social group that a person has. It is also the principal agent of socialization. 2. COMMUNITY School - we become exposed to ideas, values, norms, and behaviors that may be different from what we learn from our family. Community - we interact who become our peers. Research shows that since children and teenagers spend most of their time with peers, peer groups can create youth sub-culture (Mondal, 2015). Our peers can also influence us with the different norms, values, and behaviors that they got from their families. 3. MASS MEDIA One of the biggest influences in our culture is mass media which come in the form of television, movies, books, magazines, and social networking sites. Mass media plays a major role in shaping the culture and behavior of an individual (Mondal, 2015). Both good and bad behaviors can be learned through mass media. It is important that the youth remain supervised whenever they are accessing all forms of media. 4. RELIGION Through the family, one is immediately exposed to the teachings of religion. It helps shape and equip individuals with the attitudes and behaviors that are deemed appropriate.  LEARNED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION OR ENCULTURATION Socialization - Allows us to interact with others and helps us develop the behaviors that we think are inborn or part of human nature. It is an essential part of building our character and preserving, spreading, and strengthening our culture. Enculturation. For example, your friend migrated to America with her family. You noticed on her Facebook that after three months of being in America, she started to act and look differently and she is using some slang words you only hear Americans say. This is the process of enculturation. Your friend is slowly starting to adapt to the American culture because it is necessary so she would fit in. TRANSMITTED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION OR ENCULTURATION Culture can also be transmitted from one person to another, and even from one society to another. One good example of this is the transmission of a culture of the Spanish to the Filipinos during the Spanish colonization. The transfer of Spanish culture to the Filipinos is done through both socialization and enculturation. We learned their culture by socializing with them through the church and the schools they established.  ASPECTS OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY (Patterned Social Interaction, Integrated and at Times Unstable, Requires Language, and Other Forms of Communication)  PATTERNED SOCIAL INTERACTION Socialization helps us acquire both good and bad parts of our culture. How do we identify the good and the bad?  FIVE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 1. Exchange Exchange or social exchange is the expectation that whenever we do something good, we will receive something good in return (Thompson and Hickey, 2005, p.129). It is the most basic pattern of socialization. Example: You help your mother wash the dishes so that she will let you come to your friend's sleepover.  FIVE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 2. Cooperation Cooperation is when people or groups of people work together to achieve a common goal. Cooperation is considered to be essential for human survival because, without cooperation, social life would be unmanageable (Thompson and Hickey, 2005, p.129). Example: A husband and a wife should cooperate in raising their children. Without it, their children will not grow up the way they want them to.  FIVE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 3. Competition Competition may be viewed as the opposite of cooperation. Instead of working together towards a common goal, competing individuals or groups battle to achieve the target that only one can have (Thompson and Hickey, 2005, p.129). Example: You studied and practiced hard and eventually won. Even if you had lost, at least you were still able got to enhance your spelling skills.  FIVE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 4. Conflict Conflict arises when people disobey rules, control a person by force, or hurt other people just to achieve their goals. However, conflict is not always considered bad. The existence of a conflict can strengthen the unity within a group because it is threatened by an external factor (Thompson and Hickey, 2005, p.129). Example: You and your sibling fight over the TV almost every night, but when conflict arises between you and your parents, you and your sibling team up.  FIVE PATTERNS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION 5. Coercion Coercion happens when there is a use of threat or force in persuading others. People usually coerce other people when they cannot achieve their goals on their own. Example: You force your brother to do your chores by threatening him that you will tell your mother that he failed his exam. LANGUAGE  REQUIRES LANGUAGE FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION In every interaction, language is the most important tool that is always used. Language is the transporter of a large part of our culture because some parts of our culture are passed on through our mouths. There are no written records (Young, 1930). We can do social interaction through the use of language. Language is not only restricted to verbal language. It is also used in non-verbal communication or body language during interaction. For example, our first interaction with a friend is usually with a smile. This shows that language, whether verbal or non- verbal, can help us learn and acquire culture.  INTEGRATED AND AT TIMES UNSTABLE The patterns of social interaction are connected to each other and may change from time to time. The type of our social interaction may change. A simple social exchange may lead to cooperation. A small competition may result in a big conflict. Example: You and your sibling fight over little things almost every day. When you came to school the next day, you saw your sibling being bullied by his classmates. You immediately came to his aid, supported each other, and stopped the bullies. This scenario shows that even if you and your sibling fight almost every day, you will still opt to unite in times of need. THANK YOU