VCE Physics Unit 4 Past Paper (2023) PDF

VCE Physics Unit 4 Outcome 1: How can waves explain the behaviour of light? RESPONSE TO STRUCTURED QUESTIONS Student name: Teacher (Circle or underline): VAN / HEN / BUS Wednesday 2 Augus...

VCE Physics Unit 4 Outcome 1: How can waves explain the behaviour of light? RESPONSE TO STRUCTURED QUESTIONS Student name: Teacher (Circle or underline): VAN / HEN / BUS Wednesday 2 August 2023 Reading time: 5 minutes Writing time: 55 minutes Section Number of questions Number of questions Number of marks to be answered A&B 22 22 45 Total 45 Students are permitted to bring: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers, one double sided A4 sheet of pre-prepared notes and one standard scientific calculator. Materials supplied This question and answer book of 11 pages, including this cover page. Working space is provided throughout the book. Formula and data sheet. Instructions Write your name in the space provided above on this page. All responses must be written in English. 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 2 SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions Question 1 Sound waves can be used to break glass. The best explanation for this is: A. The air waves resonate at the natural frequency of air B. The glass is forced to oscillate at its natural frequency of vibration C. Standing waves are formed in the air D. The sound pressure breaks the glass Question 2 The ABC Radio Melbourne station broadcasts on 774 kHz. What is the wavelength of the radio station's radio waves? A. 388 m B. 3.88 m C. 3.88 x 103 m D. 3.88 x 10-3 m The following information applies to questions 3 and 4 Question 3 A string is vibrated up and down at a frequency of 5.0 Hz. The figure shows the vertical displacement of the string against horizontal position. The wave is traveling to the right and has reached point P at the instant shown. What is the period of the wave? A. 0.6 s B. 0.4 s C. 0.2 s D. 0.8 s Question 4 What is the speed of the wave in the previous question? A. 0.05 m/s B. 340 m/s C. 2.0 m/s D. 0.4 m/s 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 3 Question 5 A rope of length 5.0 m is tied at one end and free at the other. A series of standing waves are created. The speed of the wave in the string is 50 m/s. What are the three lowest frequencies that can form standing waves on the rope? A. 2.5 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz B. 2.5 Hz, 5.0 Hz, 7.5 Hz C. 2.5 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 12.5 Hz D. 5.0 Hz, 15 Hz, 25 Hz Question 6 A house is located down a steep hill from a TV and Radio station as shown. The station broadcasts radio waves at 300 kHz and microwaves for TV at 200 MHz. They are emitted at the same intensity. Which statement best describes the likely reception of the TV and Radio waves at the house? A. Neither signal will be detected at the house B. Both signals are received equally well C. Their radio will get better reception than their TV D. The TV will get better reception than their radio 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 4 Question 7 The double slit experiment is performed by some students making dark and light bands on a screen. Which one of the following changes would result in the bands becoming further apart? A. Moving the slits closer together B. Bringing the slits closer to the screen C. Making the light more intense D. Using light of a higher frequency Question 8 The consecutive bright bands in the experiment above are measured to be 2.00 mm apart. The students then make the following changes to the set up: They double the wavelength of light used Halve the distance from the slits to the screen, And move the two slits to be a quarter as far apart. What is the spacing of the bright bands now? A. 16.0 mm B. 2.00 mm C. 8.00 mm D. 1.00 mm Question 9 The electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves are oriented: A. Perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel, and parallel to each other B. Perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel, and to each other C. Parallel to the wave’s direction of travel, and perpendicular to each other D. Parallel to the wave's direction of travel, as well as to each other. 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 5 Question 10 An experimental music band is performing on a stage as shown. The sound is produced by two speakers. A person in the audience is seated at point A; 16 m from speaker Y and 20 m from speaker X. A continuous sound of wavelength 0.40 m and constant amplitude is produced. Which of the following best describes what the person at A would hear? A. The sound intensity at A will be changing constantly B. The sound intensity at A will be zero C. The sound intensity at A will be a minimum D. The sound intensity at A will be a maximum Question 11 A standing wave is formed on a string fixed at both ends. It is observed to have four antinodes and a frequency of 480 Hz. What frequency will set up a standing wave with five antinodes? A. 600 Hz B. 720 Hz C. 240 Hz D. 360 Hz Question 12 A laser distance meter works by measuring the time it takes a pulse of laser light to be reflected off a target and returned to the sender. The time is measured to be 1.70 µs. Which of the following is the distance of the target from the sender? A. 255 m B. 123 m C. 510 m D. 62 m 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 6 Question 13 Two speakers are faced outwards and generate a sound of wavelength 0.6 m. They make a pattern of loud and quiet regions as shown. The path difference to a point on the screen is measured to be 1.5 m. At which one of the positions shown in the diagram is this point located? A. A B. B C. C D. D Question 14 Poor resolution can be a problem when trying to view small objects using light. Better resolution can be achieved by: A. Using brighter light B. Using light of a higher frequency C. Using light of a lower frequency D. Using light of a longer wavelength Question 15 Polaroid sunglasses reduce the intensity of light reflected from some surfaces by: A. Making laptop screens appear black B. Allowing the transmission of light with an electric field oscillating on many planes C. Allowing people who are fishing to see fish beneath the surface of the water D. Allowing the transmission of light with electric fields oscillating on only a single plane Question 16 What kind of electromagnetic waves are useful for both heating food and Wi-Fi? A. Ultraviolet light B. X-rays C. Microwaves D. Infrared radiation 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 8 Question 2 (6 marks) A string on a ukulele has a length of L cm. The fundamental frequency of the string is 384 Hz. The speed of the wave on the string is 240 m/s. The speed of sound is 340 m/s. a. Calculate the length L of the string in centimetres. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ cm b. Calculate the frequency of the third harmonic. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Hz c. Draw the standing wave pattern for the third harmonic, labelling the nodes and anti-nodes. 2 marks 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 9 Question 3 (7 marks) The apparatus for a recreation of Young’s double-slit experiment is shown below. A light beam of wavelength 550 nm is incident on the slits and forms an interference pattern on the screen. The distance from the slits to the screen is 0.40 m. The slit separation is 0.20 mm. a. Calculate the distance between two consecutive dark bands on the screen. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ m The diagram below shows a sketch of the central section of the interference pattern formed. The central band C, which is a bright band, is labelled. The second bright band from the central band Y, is also labelled. b. Calculate the path difference S1Y – S2Y 1 marks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ m ` 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 10 The wavelength of the light being used is then slowly increased until the bright band at Y is replaced with a dark band. c. Calculate the wavelength of the light being used to make this new interference pattern. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ m d. The coloured beam of light is now replaced by white light from a continuous spectrum. 2 marks Describe the appearance of the central band on the screen now. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Question 4 (4 marks) Here are two speakers producing sound waves in phase. A quiet sound is heard at point X. Moving from X towards Y, it gets loud, then quiet again at Y. The distance is X to Y is 0.8 m. a. What is the wavelength of sound used? 2 marks ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ m b. Explain why there is a loud spot exactly in the middle of the two speakers. 2 marks ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2023 PHYSICS SAC, UNIT 4 OUTCOME 1 11 Question 5 (3 marks) Aliens in galaxy A are making observations of a nearby galaxy. They notice that the light from that galaxy is redshifted. Nearby Galaxy Observers in Galaxy A a. Name the phenomenon occurring. 1 mark ___________________________________________________________________________________ b. Explain the term “redshifted” and state what conclusions the Aliens could make about the `2 motion of the nearby galaxy. marks ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Question 6 (3 marks) A 500 nm green laser shone onto a circular aperture 500 nm in diameter. The resulting interference pattern is shown on the left. Interference from 500 nm green laser shone Draw your new figure here onto a circular aperture 500 nm in diameter a. The aperture is now made to be 250 nm in diameter, draw what would be seen in this new 1 mark scenario on the image on the right above. b. Explain your answer to part a. 2 marks ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________