U2M9L1 - Cellular Reproduction PDF

Lesson 1 Cellular Reproduction  Focus Question What are the primary stages of the cell cycle?  New Vocabulary chromatin spindle apparatus chromosome metaphase nucleosome anaphase cell cycle telophase interphase c...

Lesson 1 Cellular Reproduction  Focus Question What are the primary stages of the cell cycle?  New Vocabulary chromatin spindle apparatus chromosome metaphase nucleosome anaphase cell cycle telophase interphase cytokinesis mitosis cyclin prophase cyclin-dependent kinase sister chromatid apoptosis centromere cancer carcinogen  Review Vocabulary life cycle: the sequence of growth and development stages that an organism goes through during its life  Cell Size Limitations Ratio of Surface Area to Volume Several factors influence cell size. Surface area is the area covered by the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is the structure through which all the nutrients and waste products must pass. Volume is the space taken up by the inner contents of the cell.  Cell Size Limitations The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as a cell gets bigger. Cells with a higher ratio of surface area to volume can sustain themselves more easily.  Cell Size Limitations Transport of Substances Smaller cells can transport substances more easily. Diffusion is inefficient over longer distances. The cytoskeleton transportation network becomes less efficient for a cell if the distance to travel becomes too large. Cellular Communication Cellular communication is more efficient in smaller cells.  Exit Ticket https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5bd4fbab0eb0eb0 0201b435b/surface-area?source=search-result-pag e&page=search-result-page&arid=10ad2ef2-aa5a-4 4ad-bb9b-402753554847&apos=-1&term=surface+a rea+vs+volume+ratio+of+cell Chromosomes  Chromosomes Chromatin and Chromosomes Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA. Chromosomes are condensed structures that contain the DNA that are visible during mitosis. They are passed from generation to generation. Eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes. The phosphate groups in DNA create a negative charge, which attracts the DNA to the positively charged histone proteins and form a nucleosome. The nucleosomes group together into chromatin fibers, which supercoil to make up the chromosome.  Exit Ticket https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5be33c526f9c2e00 1b2207fb  The Cell Cycle Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle. Interphase Interphase is the stage during which the cell grows, develops into a mature, functional cell, duplicates the DNA in its nucleus, and prepares for division. Interphase is divided into three stages: Gap 1(G1), synthesis (S), and Gap 2 (G2).  The Cell Cycle Gap 1(G1): growing, carrying out normal cellular functions, and preparing to replicate DNA Synthesis (S): copying DNA to prepare for division Gap 2 (G2): preparing for the division of nucleus  Exit Ticket https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/628c84d18309f400 1eb0448a/cell-cycle?source=search-result-page&pa ge=search-result-page&arid=83766fdf-a3c4-4ab7-a d57-3362bbf80a2c&apos=-1&term=cell+cycle  The Cell Cycle Mitosis The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide is called mitosis. The cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the cell prepares to split into two. In multicellular organisms, mitosis increases the number of cells in young, growing organisms. Organisms also use mitosis to replace damaged cells. Mitosis also helps maintain chromosome number in organisms that undergo asexual reproduction.