IMG_0070.jpeg

# Phagocyte Phagocytes engulf pathogens by attaching to and wrapping around the pathogen to engulf it. Once the pathogen is trapped inside the phagocyte, it is in a compartment called a phagosome. The phagosome will then merge with a lysosome or granule to form a phagolysosome, where the pathogen...

# Phagocyte Phagocytes engulf pathogens by attaching to and wrapping around the pathogen to engulf it. Once the pathogen is trapped inside the phagocyte, it is in a compartment called a phagosome. The phagosome will then merge with a lysosome or granule to form a phagolysosome, where the pathogen is killed by toxic materials, such as antimicrobial agents, enzymes, nitrogen oxides, or other proteins. # Proteins (in the immune system) Large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order, determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein. # Immunoglobulins (75%) of total serum immunoglobulin level. Defends against diffusing toxins and spreading microbes; IgG response is mainly found in the secondary immune response. Effective opsonins. Maternal IgG is transferred across the placenta, giving passive protection to newborns for 4-6 months. IgM (immunoglobulin M) is the largest of the immunoglobulin molecules; it is usually the earliest antibody response in a primary immune response, but has a short lifespan. # Cell Types Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. # Other Immune System Components * Antibodies * Signaling proteins (cytokines) * Complement proteins