Types of Writing.pptx

Types of Writing Be sure to have something to write with and take notes on.  Descriptive. Expository. Persuasive. Narrative. Technical. Informative. Argumentative. Descriptive The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place,...

Types of Writing Be sure to have something to write with and take notes on.  Descriptive. Expository. Persuasive. Narrative. Technical. Informative. Argumentative. Descriptive The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place, or thing in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader’s mind. Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by using all of your five senses. How do I write in a descriptive way? Step one is to focus on a dominant impression, so that it creates a mood or atmosphere in your paper. This mood can be shown through effective descriptive writing. Use sensory details such as sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste to create that impression.  Descriptive Is there such thing as too much sensory detail? Yes. How? Too many adjectives -- use only the most powerful words in your writing, deleting any unnecessary words. Too many adverbs -- verbs are stronger than adverbs. ○ She strolled into the room is more powerful than She walked casually into the room. Cliched figures of speech -- overused language such as green Descriptive Give me an example of a descriptive sentence. Descriptive (Example) Vague: The food was unappetizing. Vivid: The pale turkey slices floated limply in a pool of murky fat. Expository How do you write a strong expository essay? The wording must be clear and concise. Stick to third-person pronouns (“he,” “she,” or “they,” or “it”). Have a strong thesis statement. Each body paragraph should cover only one topic and present one new idea. Order your arguments accordingly. Use transition words. Cite your sources. Have a killer conclusion. Expository When will I ever use this? Expository essays are a great way to test your critical thinking skills. Expository essays allow you to write about your opinions. SATs typically require you to write an expository essay. ○ The goal is to take an idea, reflect on your opinion on the matter, and deliver a clear and cohesive argument on the subject. Common topics for expository essays are: personal experiences, literature, history, social issues, and science and technology. Expository Give me an example of an expository sentence. Expository (Example) Music has been a part of human history almost since its very inception. It started with crude instruments constructed in the wild and advanced to $50,000 grand pianos. Yet, the end result has always been the same. Music shapes our lives and influences our behavior. It carries us through the dark times by allowing us to understand we’re not alone, and it sustains us through the happy times as we rejoice in an upbeat tempo. Persuasive Persuasive essays are essentially research based papers. How can you be persuasive in a paper? ○ Choose a position on the topic (i.e. agree or disagree). ○ Understand the audience (who will be reading this paper). ○ Do the research (find material that backs up your argument). ○ Identify the most convincing evidence (these should really drive the point home). Persuasive writing tends to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action. Many writings such as criticisms, reviews, reaction papers, editorials, proposals, advertisements, and brochures use different ways of persuasion to influence their audience. Persuasive Appeals If you are writing a persuasion piece, this will probably involve one or more technique or tool. These are called APPEALS: you are appealing to the audience in order to convince them. Use the acronym EITHER OR to help remember some of these tools: Persuasi on Versus Opinion Persuasive Give me an example of a persuasive sentence. Remember this is something that you must take a stand on, and then defend it. Persuasive (Example) Historical Founding Documents – Some of the most famous documents from our country’s founding are actually examples of persuasive writing. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense or Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” are just a few that many students will study in an English or history classroom. Civil Rights Documents – Major movements, like the Civil Rights Movement, are filled with examples of persuasive writing. Martin Luther King Jr. is a great persuasive writer who sparked action and change with his words. Many students will study pieces like his essay “Letter from Birmingham Jail” or his speech “I Have A Dream” as great examples of persuasive writing. Famous Speeches – One way you can vary your examples of persuasive writing is to actually watch some persuasive speeches. Most, if not all, of these speeches were likely first written down before they were presented. You can find great, age-appropriate examples from sources like TED Talks, closing arguments of court cases, presidential debates, graduation speeches, and so on. Narrative Narrative writing is writing that has a story, characters, conflict, and other essential parts of a story. Narrative writing often goes hand-in-hand with a story. There are five elements to narrative writing: ○ Characters. ○ Setting. ○ Plot. ○ Conflict. ○ Resolution. Having all of those elements keeps the story running smoothly and allows the action to develop in a logical way that the reader can follow. Narrative Write a short narrative story. No more than five sentences. Narrative (Example) “She took me by the hand and walked me into the lobby like a five-year old child. Didn’t she know that I was pushing 15? This was the third home Nancy was placing me in - in a span of eight months. I guess she felt sorry for me. The bright fluorescent lights threatened to burn my skin as I walked toward a bouncy-looking lady with curly hair and a sweetly-smiling man. They called themselves Allie and Alex. Cute, I thought.” Technical This type of writing is where the author is writing about a particular subject that requires direction, instruction, or explanation. This style of writing has a very different purpose and different characteristics than other writing styles such as creative writing, academic writing, or business writing. Technical writing has five elements that are needed… ○ Clarity. ○ Conciseness. ○ Accessibility. ○ Audience. ○ Accuracy. Technical Request for Proposal (RFP). Legal disclaimers. Annual reports. Car manuals. Technical State an example of a technical writing. Informative An informative essay educates your reader on a topic. They have several functions: ○ To define a term, ○ Compare and contrast something. ○ Analyze data. ○ Provide a how-to. They do not present an opinion or try to persuade the reader. Informative Example Ireland is a country steeped in history. In fact, its history dates beyond 3000 BC when the megalithic tombs were constructed in Newgrange. Throughout the country’s expansive evolution, the Irish fought time and again to maintain their independence as a sovereign nation. Evidence of the rich history is clearly visible through its many castles, including Leighlinbridge Castle and Carlow Castle, two of Ireland’s oldest establishments. Informative (Example) How is this informative? Ireland is a country steeped in history. In fact, its history dates beyond 3000 BC when the megalithic tombs were constructed in Newgrange. Throughout the country’s expansive evolution, the Irish fought time and again to maintain their independence as a sovereign nation. Evidence of the rich history is clearly visible through its many castles, including Leighlinbridge Castle and Carlow Castle, two of Ireland’s oldest establishments. Argumentative What are the five parts of an argumentative essay? There needs to be a strong introductory paragraph with a clear thesis. A minimum of three (3) body paragraphs with detailed evidence. A compelling conclusion. Transitional words are needed between paragraphs to flow from one paragraph to the next. Cited evidence to show that you did research, and you are not writing from your own opinion. Argumentative Are argumentative writings and persuasive writings the same thing? Argumentative What is the difference between an argumentative essay and a persuasive essay? Argumentative writing uses both logic and reason to make its case. Persuasive writing is mostly based on opinions and emotions. Argumentative We need shorter school We need shorter school weeks weeks due to the rising stress due to the rising stress levels levels among kids. My friends among kids. Stress can cause are exhausted all the time illness, and many kids suffer from when we get home from anxiety-related stomach aches school. and headaches. Put the star on the argumentative writing. Argument Writing  What is Argument Writing: argument Requires the student to investigate a writing? topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/acade mic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays. html  Answer the Question with a Claim: ➔ What is a claim? ◆ a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief one is trying to prove It can be argued, however it is said as a fact. ➔ Example: ◆ Moana and Brave are the most powerful Disney movies with female lead characters.  Even though a claim is an opinion, a claim must be written as a statement of fact. When answering any question in writing, you So, say good- must answer it as a claim. bye to: This means no more: I think… I believe... In my opinion... My claim is… In class we spoke about… Our group said… Or anything like this From now on, in this class, you are no longer allowed to use I, me, my, we, us, our, you, your when arguing a statement of fact.  Provide Context ➔ What is context? ◆ Think of it like background information ◆ Don’t assume your reader knows the story or thing you are talking about ◆ Explain parts of the scene, story, character so that someone who hasn’t read the story can understand your argument ➔ Example: ◆ Moana and Brave are the most powerful Disney movies with female lead characters. Your introduction context could look like this: Moana tells the story of a young princess who sets sail alone to save her tribe, while Brave tells the story of Meredith a young princess who must risk everything to save her mother and kingdom.  Evidence to Support What is evidence? ◆ Something from the work that supports your claim ◆ Basically, what happened in the text that led you to that conclusion and make that claim? This can be a fact, a quote, an example from the work, etc… ➔ Example: “Moana” and “Brave” are the most powerful Disney movies with female lead characters. Moana tells the story of a young princess who sets sail alone to save her tribe, while Brave tells the story of Meredith a young princess who must risk everything to save her mother and kingdom. ◆ In the films, both girls must complete their quest alone. Moana sails across the ocean to restore life back to her island, and Meredith must take on a bear that has been terrorizing her village.  Explain your reasoning ➔ What is this all about? (Analysis) ◆ the underlying connection between the claim and evidence. ◆ “Showing your work” ◆ Basically, how does your evidence support your claim… why did you choose that evidence to support your claim? How/why did you come to your conclusion? ➔ What is analysis? ◆ Tells audience why the warrant is a rational one. ◆ Tells audience why the warrant and claim is important to the topic ◆ Tells audience how the warrant and claim impact the work ➔  Claim Evidence Context Analysis “Moana” and “Brave” are the most powerful Disney movies with female lead characters. Moana tells the story of a young princess who sets sail alone to save her tribe, while Brave tells the story of Meredith a young princess who must risk everything to save her mother and kingdom. In the films, both girls show tenacity and independence as they complete their quests alone. Moana sails across the ocean to restore life back to her island, and Meredith must take on a bear that has been terrorizing her village. Through their actions, the audience can see these women are not the typical Disney princesses. They show young women it is not necessary to have a strong male rescue you from your situation. Here is where Moana and Brave really shine. They show young women it is okay to be forceful, to go after what they want, and to take control of their life and situation. Without these qualities, these films simply would not be as popular or impactful. Therefore, it is in their message that audiences see the importance and power of the films. Questions?