Types of Computer Networks PDF

define a computer network; differentiate among different types of networks depending upon coverage area and use. What is network? A network consist of two or more computer or collection of computers that are linked in order to share resources, exchanging files and allow electronic...

define a computer network; differentiate among different types of networks depending upon coverage area and use. What is network? A network consist of two or more computer or collection of computers that are linked in order to share resources, exchanging files and allow electronic communication. different types of networks depending upon coverage area and use: a. nano network  b. Body Area Network (BAN)  c. Personal Area Network (PAN)  d. Near-me-Area Network (NAN)  e. Local Area Network (LAN) f. Wide Area Network (WAN) g. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)  h. Internet Area Network (IAN)  i. Interplanetary Internet (IPN) Nano network  Nano networks, also known as nanoscale networks, refer to networks established at the nanoscale, typically involving communication and data exchange between nanoscale devices or components. These networks operate on an extremely small scale, where nanoscale devices cooperate to perform specific tasks or transfer information.  Nano networks can be used for medical applications, such as delivering drugs within the human body or monitoring biological parameters at the cellular level.  Consider a nano network of sensors dispersed in soil to monitor soil quality and nutrient levels. These nano sensors can communicate data about soil composition, moisture levels, and nutrient content, enabling real-time monitoring and precise adjustments in agricultural practices for optimal crop growth. This data could be transmitted to a centralized system for analysis and decision- making. Body area network  Covers the area of a person's body.  A Body Area Network (BAN) is a network that involves wearable or implantable devices placed on or inside the human body. These devices can communicate with each other or with external systems to monitor health, collect data, provide medical assistance, or enhance daily life activities. BANs play a critical role in healthcare, fitness monitoring.  BANs are employed in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, medical diagnoses, and health tracking using devices such as wearable sensors.  Smartwatches or fitness bands tracking your heart rate, steps, and sleep patterns, giving you insights into your health.  Fitness trackers like Fitbit or Apple Watch, monitoring your heart rate, steps, and other health data as a wearable body area network. Nano area network A nanonetwork or nanoscale network is a set of interconnected nanomachines (devices a few hundred nanometers or a few micrometers at most in size), which are able to perform only very simple tasks such as computing, data storing, sensing and actuation. PAN  One of the most common real-world examples of a PAN is the connection between a Bluetooth earpiece and a smartphone. PANs can also connect laptops, tablets, printers, keyboards, and other computerized devices. PAN network connections can either be wired or wireless. NAN A neighborhood area network (NAN) is an offshoot of Wi-Fi hotspots and wireless local area networks (WLAN), which enable users to connect to the Internet quickly and at very little expense. A NAN is generally installed by an individual to serve a family or a number of neighbors. LAN A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school. MAN A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city, multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with multiple buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller than a wide area network (WAN). WAN A wide area network (WAN) is a large computer network that connects groups of computers over large distances. WANs are often used by large businesses to connect their office networks; each office typically has its own local area network, or LAN, and these LANs connect via a WAN. Internet area network  The internet hugely connects all WANs.  The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that use a standardized communication protocol suite called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).  It allows users to access and share information, communicate, conduct business, and more.  The internet comprises various types of networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).  Email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media enable real-time communication across the globe.  Users can access a vast amount of information on various topics through search engines, websites, blogs, online encyclopedias, and more.  Online courses, educational resources, virtual classrooms, and digital libraries support learning and skill development.  Streaming services for movies, TV shows, music, and online gaming provide entertainment options to users. Interplanetary Internet (IPN)  Interplanetary Internet (IPN) is a conceptual framework for extending the current internet to support communication and data transmission between spacecraft, rovers, and other devices beyond Earth.  It aims to enable reliable and efficient communication over long distances, such as between planets or other celestial bodies, by utilizing a network of interconnected nodes.  The challenges of implementing an Interplanetary Internet include dealing with vast distances, signal delays, planetary movement, varying data rates, and potential interruptions in connectivity.  Proposed solutions involve advanced protocols, delay-tolerant networking, and adaptive routing strategies to overcome these challenges and ensure successful communication across space.  The goal is to facilitate scientific research, space exploration, and collaboration in the broader context of the solar system and beyond.