TVET Policy & Strategy Jijiga-compressed PDF 2021

Technical & Vocational Education & Training New Policy and Strategy October 4,2021 Jigjiga © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential ...

Technical & Vocational Education & Training New Policy and Strategy October 4,2021 Jigjiga © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential  TWWQ  Full Name:- Name of your Organization you are working in Responsibilities/የሥራ ኃላፊነት((( Educational Level and type of Education/ yTMHRT ZGJT Work experience( In experts and Leaders) የሥራ ልምድ What you like and dislike/ yMTwÇTÂ yMT-l#T  Your expectations from the training/ ከሥልጠናዉ ምን ትጠብቃላችሁ) © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2  y|L-ÂW dNïC (NORMS) ሰዓት ማክበር ሞባይል ስልኮቻችንን መዝጋት/ሳይለንት ማድረግ ሌሎች ሃሳባቸውን ሲያቀርቡ ጣልቃ ባለመግባት በሚገባ ማዳመጥ በስልጠናው ላይ በሚገባ ለመሳተፍ መሞከር © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 3  Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Definition of Key Terms 1.3. The Philosophy of TVET in Ethiopia 1.4. Pressing Needs for the TVET Policy and Strategy 1.4. TVET Vision, Mission, Principles and Objectives 2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 4  Introduction TVET is a world of education and training that prepares citizens to respond to; 1. Changing technology 2. the labor market demand to create a competent, motivated, adaptable and innovative workforce capable of driving economic growth and development. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 5  Introduction Education and Training Policy of Ethiopia, 1994 TVET strategy, 2008 TVET law, 199/2011 TVET proclamation, 954/2016 The strategy introduced OS and outcome-based training to ensure quality and relevance. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 6  Introduction The critical challenges of the TVET system. 1. lack of a quality assurance system, 2. Lack of updated training methods and equipment, 3. lack direct industry experience of trainers, and 4. poor training infrastructure. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 7  Introduction The critical challenges of the TVET system. 1. lack TVET financing system. 2. Lack of pathways 3. lack foundation skills of Graduates/ complitors (Mathematics, Communication, Teamwork, Problem solving, Customer relations, and foreign languages) © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 8  1.3. The Philosophy of TVET in Ethiopia Learning and training to cultivating citizens mentally, physically, socially and spiritually. Preparing the youth today and the future as well. based on indigenous and global skills and knowledge, which serves as a means of social harmony and development. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 9  1.4. Pressing Need for the TVET Policy and Strategy To reverses the critical challenges in TVET Ethiopian TVET has not been designed in ways that; Modernize predominantly Ethiopian agricultural economy and other remaining vital sectors, Able to contribute its best to the economic development of the country, The skills communities own were not properly integrated with agriculture, industry, and other sectors of the economy. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 10  Cont… There is no clear pathway Must be aligned with the newly developed education and training roadmap and 10 years prosperity plan. Realize the national and sectorial ten years development plan To fit with the current education and labor market contexts as well. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 11  1. 5. TVET Vision, Mission, Principles and Objectives ❑ Vision: Aspires to create competent, innovative and self-reliant citizens and thereby improve the livelihoods of all Ethiopians by 2030. ❑ Mission: Through expanding and cultivating the market driven skills training opportunities, providing industry extension service and transferring appropriate technologies to the enterprises, increase productive, self- confident, responsive to the objective reality, globally competitive, and committed citizens to build the prosperity Ethiopia. Engaging in research-based knowledge and technology transfer endeavors to transform the economy and solve societal problems through community engagement. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 12  1.5.3. Policy Objective: The objective of Ethiopian TVET policy and strategy is: ❑ to provide demand driven, high quality and relevant TVET to all citizens, ❑ to create competent, motivated, adaptable and innovative work force which can contribute to the prosperity of the country. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 13  1.5.4. TVET Guiding Principles: 1. Labor Market Orientation 2. Quality and Relevance 3. Access and Equity, 4. Outcome-based system 5. Decentralized system 6. Transparent and responsiveness 7. Result based management, © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 14  Cont…… 8. Digitization of TVET System 9. Collaboration and linkage 10. Assure Efficiency of the system 11. Gender Consciousness and Sensitivity 12. Lifelong Learning 13. Flexibility 14. Greening TVET & 15. Pathways © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 15  2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 1) TVET Relevance, Quality, Equity, and Access, 2) TVET Research, Innovation & Technology Transfer, 3) TVET Science Culture Development & Community Engagement, 4) TVET Infrastructure & Facility Development, 5) TVET Institutional Capacity Development, 6) TVET Monitoring & Evaluation Mechanisms, © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 16  2.1. Ethiopian TVET Relevance, Quality, Equity and Access 2.1.1. TVET Relevance and Quality Relevant: implies training delivery that is traceable, applicable, significant, and has logical connection with the intended purposes. Quality: is the degree to which a process, product, or service satisfies the needs of customers. It is the degree to which it fit the intended purposes or requirements. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 17  TVET Relevance and Quality 1. Ethiopian TVET Qualification Framework (ETQF) 2. Occupational Standard Development 3. Medium of Instruction 4. Curriculum and TTLM 5. Cooperative Training 6. Competency Assessment 7. Entrepreneurship and Employability in TVET 8. TVET Quality Assurance System 9. Greening TVET (GTVET) © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 18  1. Ethiopian TVET Qualification Framework (ETQF) ❑Goal Ensure qualifications earned in different education and training sectors, levels, and work experiences through ETQF. ❑Policy Direction The Competence and level-based certification earned in different training sectors and work experience shall be accorded ETQF © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 19  Strategies 1. Revise the ETQF in line with the National Qualification Framework 2. Revise the competencies required at each level within the ETQF recognizing the trainees’ prior learning. 3. Periodically revise ETQF in accordance with the labor market dynamism. 4. Ensure horizontal and vertical permeability 5. Revise ETQF to introduce eight qualification levels 6. Deliver formal TVET training for those who completed grade 12. 7. Deliver non-formal TVET training for school leavers, drop out, job seekers, rural societies, and others. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 20  2.Occupational Standard Development Goal Ensure OS development and revision based on international and national experiences through organized leadership and involvement of:- Occupational Associations, Professionals Associatins Industry Practitioners, Private Sectors and other important stake holders. Policy Direction OS shall be developed based on internationally recognized experiences, market demand and local realities by engaging important stakeholders. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 21  OSD…/ Strategies 1. Develop new occupational standards, 2. Periodically review occupational standards based on international and local experience regarding quantity, quality, and relevance to the needs of the industry. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 22  3. Medium of Instruction it is better to align the language of training with local and international labor market demand. Goal Establish a system that enhances the delivery of TVET in a language that can prepare the trainees for local and international labor market. Strategies 1. Short-term/non-formal training should be given using local and international languages based on market demand. 2. Use English language as a medium of instruction from level 1 to level 8 of TVET © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 23  4. Curriculum and TTLM TVET curricula and TTLMs are prepared comprising the knowledge, skills, and attitudes set in OS. However, the existing curricula and TTLMs have not led to the achievement of intended outcomes , So, it is necessary to strengthen and revise the curriculum and TTLM following the revised OS and market demand. Goal Develop an outcome-based quality TVET curriculum and TTLM that would enable to acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes set in the OS. Policy Direction Model curriculum and TTLM shall be designed centrally and adopted to the situations /context of in each regions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 24  Strategies 1. Create a system to prepare model TVET curriculum and TTLM at national level and customize with regions and TVET institutions. 2. Develop curricula and TTLM that aligns with the OS. 3. Prepare curriculum and TTLM integrating appropriate technologies. 4. Develop curriculum for level 6 to 8 at national level based on international experience. 5. Design the TVET curriculum in a manner that would lead to the development of the 21st century skills/ Industry 4.0/. 6. Assist regional authorities to ensure that new curricula are properly employed in both public and private TVET institutions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 25  5. Cooperative Training Cooperative training is to acquire knowledge, skills, experiences, and attitudes at actual real work place/industries ❑Goal Develop and implement alternative models of CT based on;- realities of the industry, nature of the occupation, location of the TVET institution, and other factors ❑Policy Direction Alternative models of CT shall be developed and implemented based on realities of the industry, nature of the occupation, location of the TVET institution, and other factors. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 26  Strategies 1. Formulate legally binding regulation to realize the mutual benefits and responsibilities 2. Devise incentive mechanisms for those industries who actively engage in CT. 3. Establish a mechanism for preparation and development of qualified industry trainers to implement CT. 4. Establish Production and service centers (learning factories) in TVET institutions where industries are not available. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 27  Cont/ 5. Employ different alternatives of cooperative training such as: Apprenticeships, Internship and traineeship, based on the nature of the occupation, location of the TVET institutions, and interest of the industry. 6. Establish a system that ensures TVET Trainees participate in a minimum of 70% practical training. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 28  6. Competency Assessment The existing competency assessment system has not been implemented when viewed against expected results. Policy Direction Valid, reliable, and technology supported occupational Competency assessment which is implemented through industry participation shall be in place. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 29  Strategies 1. Establish and introduce a nation-wide standardized OCA system , 2. Ensure OCA & assessment tools preparation is carried out with the participation of relevant stakeholders. 3. Employ appropriate technology to support OCA based on the nature of competence assessed. 4. Certify competencies acquired through formal, non-formal and informal training through competency assessment. 5. Establish autonomous national and regional TVET center of competence certification bodies to certify competencies. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 30  7. Entrepreneurship and Employability in TVET The existing TVET system is not yet in a position to produce trainee entrepreneurs with self-confidence, creativity, a realistic assessment of the market, basic business management skills and openness to risks. To this end, appropriate entrepreneurship and employability training packages must be reviewed and developed, ❑Policy Direction A system shall be established to enhance trainees’ entrepreneurship and employability knowledge, skills and attitudes to realize the goal of - no unemployed TVET graduates. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 31  Strategies 1. Develop a system of TVET zoning to realize relevance of programs and employability. 2. Deliver Entrepreneurship and Employability skills training as a course to all TVET trainees. 3. Provide all resources needed for the delivery of Entrepreneurship and Employability training. 4. Deliver Entrepreneurship and employability sikll training as a course by qualified trainers in the area. 5. Deliver motivational speech related to entrepreneurship and employability by successful entrepreneurs to all trainees. 6. Encourage organizations to provide entrepreneurship training. 7. Design and put into practice of the scheme seed money and start-up for competent TVET trainees © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 32  8. TVET Quality Assurance System It is important to establish an autonomous and strong quality assurance organs to enhance the relevance and quality of TVET programs. The context of the TVET quality assurance system was lacked and autonomous external and internal quality assurance were not in placed. Therefore, this requires appropriate policy intervention. Policy Direction Quality of TVET shall be assured on the basis of assessing its inputs, processes, output, outcome, and impact. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 33  Strategies, 1. Establish strong internal and external quality assurance system, 2. Develop and implement a continuous quality assurance assessment system for TVET. 3. Develop a system to communicate quality assurance result to all stakeholders. 4. Develop quality standards and criteria for TVET institutions, trainers, leaders, graduates, programs, and assessors. 5. Conduct tracer study to assess the outcome and impact of TVET graduates. 6. Use results obtained from competency assessment to improve trainee’s competence. 7. Standardize and harmonize TVET trainee’s competency assessments with the national occupational standard. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 34  Cont… Ensure that assessment has fulfilled the needs of trainees requiring special support. Inspect and audit training programs, institutions, trainers, leaders, and assessors against standards and criteria. Use institutional assessment result to rank TVET institutions. Participate employers and labor association on quality assurance of TVET institutions. Establish a system through which TVET institutions, programs, and competence assessment centers are internationally certified. Establish autonomous national and regional TVET quality assurance agencies to conduct the external quality assurance activities. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 35  9. Greening TVET (GTVET) Green skills are those skills needed to: Reduce environmental impacts and support economic restructuring, Attain clean and climate resilient economies Preserve environmental sustainability and Provide decent work conditions. The main aspects of greening TVET (GTVET) include: Transition to greater use of energy from renewable sources, Transition to greater use of products and services that increase energy efficiency, Reduce/remove pollution and green-house gas emission , © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 36  Cont…/ Transition to recycling and reuse of west materials, TVET needs to develop skills and competencies that pave the way towards a green economy and society. This calls for the development of a policy intervention for greening TVET. Policy Direction Greening TVET shall be ensured for sustainable development © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 37  Strategies Establish system for awareness creation on the roles and benefits of GTVET Develop occupational standard for G-TVET Incorporate G-TVET in TVET Trainer program Review and develop TVET curricula to incorporate green courses and programs Develop a comprehensive green skill standards and certification system in TVET. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 38  Cont…. Launch regulations to offer incentive for TVET system to support the greening process at the national and regional level. Strengthen green values, ethical standards, attitudes, and behaviours that respect green lifestyles. Develop a system encouraging TVET campus greening and its surrounding areas Establish system for awareness creation on the roles and benefits of GTVET © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 39  2.1.2. Access and Equity in TVET 2.1.2.1. Access to TVET In this context, access refers to the extent TVET is made available to all segments of the society. So far, TVET has not been fully accessible to citizens as expected. Therefore, it is necessary to avail better quality TVET for citizens who meet requirements. Policy Direction Access to outcome based TVET shall be ensured for all citizens of the country. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 40  Strategies Expand TVET institutions considering their DAC. Encourage the participation and support of the community in TVET expansion. Introduce different mechanisms to provide proper readiness for TVET entrants before they join the sector. Encourage nongovernmental and private sector to play leading role in providing TVET to citizens. Collaborate with Ministry of Education on the vocationalization of general education © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 41  Cont…/ Establish boarding and mobile TVET institutions to provide access to pastoralists and semi-pastoralists based on their mobility pattern and economic activities. Provide TVET for those who for various reasons, quit their jobs or got trained and remained unemployed to join the world of work. Provide short-term training for those who have specific training needs to join world of work and for those already employed in the industry. Develop diverse mechanisms to encourage public-private partnership (PPP) in TVET Provision. Upgrade selected polytechnic colleges to technical universities. Diversify modes of TVET delivery through face to face, blended, online learning and others supported by relevant digital system. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 42  2.1.2.2. Equity in TVET In this context, equity in TVET relates to the magnitude opportunities are provided for all those meeting requirements regardless of sex, disability, financial background, place of living and others. Therefore, it is necessary to equitably avail better quality TVET. Policy Direction The provision of outcome based TVET shall be ensured for all citizens of the country irrespective of their socio-cultural, economic, political, and geographical background. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 43  Strategies 1. Create conducive environment for persons with special needs to enhance their participation in TVET system. 2. Strengthen a mechanism of providing TVET for rural communities in collaboration with concerned government agencies. 3. Develop diverse mechanisms that can enable promote equitable TVET provision for women, emerging regions, and other marginalized social groups, 4. Use assistive technology to avail TVET for trainees with special training needs. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 44  Cont… Design and implement a special support system to encourage females to become trainees, trainers and leaders in TVET system. Design and implement a special support system to encourage female graduates to become entrepreneurs in the male dominated occupations. Develop a mechanism to allocate special budget by TVET institutions to procure equipment, machines and tools required for vulnerable, disadvantaged, and disabled TVET community. Establish resource centers for trainees with special needs in all TVET institutions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 45  2.1.2.3. Private Sector participation in TVET It is evident that private sector has been increasingly taking part in delivery of TVET in all parts of the country. Private sector participation in TVET must be recognized and facilitated in a legalized quality assurance framework by the government Policy Direction Enabling environment shall be ensured for the private sector to participate in TVET system. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 46  Strategies Implement fair and sensible licensing, accreditation, and training quality assurance system to recognize delivery of TVET by private sector. Implement a system to share public sector TVET resources with private sector to increase equitable access to a quality TVET. Institute a system to facilitate tax concessions to import high value equipment and machinery for training by private TVET institutions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 47  Cont… Develop tax related incentive mechanisms to increase private sector participation in TVET. Establish a special loan scheme for the private sector to encourage them participate in TVET system. Strengthen training opportunities for trainers of private TVET institutions. Implement transparent system to provide technical and financial grants to selected private TVET providers for provision of demand-driven programs. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 48  2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 2. 2. Ethiopian TVET Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 49  2. 2. Ethiopian TVET Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer 2.2.1. Research and Innovation in TVET 2.2.2. Technology Transfer 2.2.3. Higher Education, TVET, Research Institute and Industry Linkage /HTRIL 2.2.4. Talent in TVET © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 50  2.2.1. Research and Innovation in TVET TVET research activities are still weak and not systematically planned. The Federal TVET Agency, though lacking an appropriate structure, has been conducting minor research in the areas of OS, assessment, curriculum development and quality management with support of expatriate experts. Policy Direction  A system shall be established to enhance research and innovation in TVET so as to solve problems of the community. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 51  Strategies 1. Encourage, strengthen, and recognize innovators up on their achievements. 2. Create a conducive environment for TVET trainees and trainers to engage in applied/action research. 3. Improve the quality of research and innovation at individual, group and institutional levels 4. Strengthen and implement copyright protection in such a way to encourage and promote creative works. 5. Ensure research work in TVET in line with the technological needs of national development programs., © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 52  2.2.2. Technology Transfer The potential role of SMEs in economic development, employment generation and realization of prosperity has been increasingly recognized in the national development framework. Packages were developed to assist MSEs in the form of industry extension service delivered by TVET trainers. The service has four linked packages, designed to support MSEs in improving their product quality and productivity: Policy Direction  A system shall be established to enhance technology transfer in TVET so as to increase competitiveness and productivity of micro, small, and medium level enterprises/industries. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 53  Strategies 1. Encourage, strengthen and recognize those who have transferred problem solving technologies up on their performance achievements. 2. Support TVET institutions to develop their capacity to transfer innovated, adopted, and adapted technologies. 3. Create a conducive environment for TVET trainees and trainers to engage in technology transfer. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 54 2.2.3. Higher Education, TVET, Research Institute and Industry Linkage HETRIL is a system of work in which research institutions, higher educations and TVET collaborate with the industry to strengthen the training system and technology transfer. Although achievements have been registered in the areas of technology transfer, industry extension service, and value chain analysis, a much stronger work has not been done to translate and expand the intentions into practice. There fore, in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage among and between TVET, higher education institutions, Research Institutions, and the industry. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 55  Cont… Policy Direction  Linkage among and between TVET, higher education institutions, research institutes, and the industry shall be strengthened. Strategies 1. Establish a legal framework to strengthen the linkage among and between TVET, higher education institutions, research institutes, and the industry. 2. Establish a unit at all levels in the TVET system to coordinate the linkage among and between TVET, higher education institutions, research institutes, and the industry. 3. Devise system of integration which enables TVET sectors to work together with research institutes, higher education institutions, and the industry on technology transfer and industry extension services. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 56  Cont… Ensure the provision of industry extension services based on enterprise needs by competent trainers. Develop and accordingly implement a mechanism to motivate technology adopters, adapters, and innovators in line with their technology transfer results Develop and accordingly implement a mechanism to motivate trainers in line with industry extension service results. Establish Technical Advisory Panel/ TAP/ and Technical Expert Panel/ TEP/ in each line ministries and Enterprises/ Industries Organize technology capacity and incubation centers in TVET institutions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 57  2.2.4. Talent in TVET Talent is associated with how well an individual performs in relation to a specific job or something exemplary possessed by individuals or a natural ability that someone is born with. Individuals with high ability or talented in one domain may not perform the same in other domains. Some less-academically inclined individuals may be vocationally talented but unable to demonstrate excellent results in academic.. As a result, these vocationally talented individuals are kept hidden although they are the “treasure” for the country. The existing TVET system does not have any mechanism to identify and nurture such talented citizens. Therefore, it has become a necessity to have policy intervention to identify and nurture these vocationally talented trainees. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 58  Cont… Policy Direction  Vocationally talented citizens shall be identified and nurtured through TVET system. Strategies 1. Develop a system to identify vocational talents and assign trainees according to their talents. 2. Establish a system to nurture vocationally talented citizens. 3. Establish awareness creation mechanism concerning vocationally talented citizens. 4. Establish an incentive mechanism to encourage vocationally talented citizens. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 59  2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 2.3. Ethiopian Science Culture Development and Community Engagement © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 60  2.3. Ethiopian Science Culture Development and Community Engagement 2.3.1. Indigenous knowledge and skills Management in TVET System, 2.3.2.Science Culture Enhancement in TVET System 2.3.3. Community Engagement in TVET 2.3.4. Voluntarism and National Service 2.3.5. TVET in Emergency © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 61  2.3.1. Indigenous knowledge and skills Management in TVET System, Indigenous knowledge and skills refer to the knowledge and skills that people in a given community have developed over time and have made positive contributions towards sustainable development. Indigenous communities around the world face ongoing threats to the survival of their indigenous knowledge and skills in view of their tacit nature. It is therefore important to formulate a policy to preserve and manage indigenous knowledge, skills and technology and integrate them with TVET, and make use of them for development. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 62  Cont…./ Policy Direction  A system shall be instituted in TVET to preserve, manage, and integrate indigenous knowledge and skills with TVET system to use them for development. Strategies 1. Develop OS and curricula for indigenous knowledge , skills, and technology to deliver through formal and non-formal TVET system. 2. Publicize the importance, values and contributions of indigenous knowledge and skills to both non-indigenous and indigenous peoples. 3. Devise strategy in TVET to support individuals with special indigenous knowledge and skill. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 63  Cont/ Establish center of excellence to promote and use indigenous knowledge and skills in at strategic areas. Work with concerned government agencies to identify inventories and registers of indigenous skills and knowledge systems, considering the intellectual property implications of such inventories and registries. Encourage indigenous skills and knowledge providers to work in collaboration with modern scientific experience. Involve senior community members in the production of resources and delivering training to trainees to understand and appreciate the indigenous skills and knowledge. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 64  2.3.2.Science Culture Enhancement in TVET System Scholars argues that the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education into TVET helps build trainees’ interest and deepens their understanding of STEM career pathways by making mathematics and science more relevant in what they are doing in TVET. The integration also helps trainees grow the TVET-STEM workforce pipeline as it encourages and promotes invention and innovation through using the 21st Century learning skills including communication, collaboration, critical and creative thinking. However, TVET system lacks academic grounding in areas such as mathematics and science. This calls for policy intervention to integrate STEM in TVET. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 65  Cont…./ Policy Direction  Science culture shall be built in TVET by integrating STEM in the TVET system Strategies 1. Incorporate STEM in TVET programs. 2. Establish a STEM center in TVET. 3. Build trainees’ interest and deepen their understanding of STEM career pathways by making mathematics and science more relevant in what they are doing in TVET. 4. Establish a system that integrates and synergizes science culture in TVET system. 5. Create a conducive environment for TVET trainees and trainers to engage in building science culture; © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 66  2.3.3. Community Engagement in TVET Community engagement is one of the core missions of TVET institutions through which community transformation will be realized. Moreove the institutions themselves to identify problem, community help within the community and modify their training system. TVET communities who participate in community engagement get practical experience. TVET institutions in Ethiopia have been working on industry extension as their core business. However, TVET community engagement has not achieved its mission as intended, which calls for clear and strong policy intervention. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 67  Cont…/ Policy Direction  Community engagement shall be maximized in TVET system by creating conducive legal and regulatory framework. Strategies 1. Strengthen need-based industry extension services which may include but not limited to technology transfer, entrepreneurship training, Kaizen, and skill training by competent trainers in the area. 2. Establish a legal and regulatory framework and enhance awareness about the importance of TVET to facilitate TVET community engagement. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 68  Cont/ Ensure community engagement to enhance peaceful training environment. Identify local community problems and solve the problems by engaging the community. Ensure active engagement of TVET institutions in community development activities that transform the life the community. Create a mechanism to ensure engagement of the private sector in industry extension services. Introduce voucher system to incentivize the trainers who engage in industry extension service. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 69  2.3.4. Voluntarism and National Service Voluntarism and national service are acts of an individual/citizen to freely give time and labor for the public. Voluntarism and national service in TVET sector can be used to produce: Citizens with holistic competence, Love their country and Realize unity in diversity. So far voluntarism and national service have not been common practices in the TVET system. It is therefore, important to have policy direction to introduce voluntarism and national service in the system. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 70  Cont…../ Policy Direction  A system shall be designed to enable the TVET community to engage in voluntarism and national services. Strategies 1. Establish structure and implementation system which enables the TVET community to participate in voluntary and national services 2. Create conducive atmosphere and allocate appropriate budget to introduce voluntarism and national services in TVET system. 3. Ensure engagement of stakeholders in TVET voluntary and national services. 4. Integrate voluntarism and national services in TVET programs. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 71  2.3.5. TVET in Emergency The TVET is an emerging sector which occupies big share in education and training sectors of the country. This huge and fast-growing sector with serious need for the development of the country requires to establish resilient system that may withstand any emergency that may face the country in general and the sector in particular. Basically, one of the reasons for Ethiopian TVET system suffering from such challenges is to large extent because of not having clear policy direction and strategy on how to respond to emergency and mitigate its effects. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 72  Cont…/ Policy Direction  The entire TVET system shall be reformed to enable it to respond to all types of emergencies and mitigate their effects proactively and effectively. Strategies 1. Design and implement early warning system on emergencies that affect the TVET system. 2. Design a framework to engage TVET the whole TVET community in provision of skills for the emergency response. 3. Build a platform to implement digitally supported education and training solutions in TVET sector in the event of emergency. 4. Establish an effective communication channel to communicate with concerned bodies during emergency. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 73  Cont…/ 2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 2.4. Ethiopian TVET Infrastructure and Facility Development © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 74 2.4. Ethiopian TVET Infrastructure and Facility Development 2.4.1. TVET Digitization © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 75  2.4.1. TVET Digitization The digitization of TVET system is an important intervention for enhancing access, equity, quality, and relevance. Even though there were efforts at integration of technology in TVET institutions, the expected level of technology support has not been met due to;- Less focus, Budget shortage, and Lack of the infrastructure at the institutional vicinity, and others. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 76  Cont…/ Policy Direction  The TVET system shall be digitized. Strategies 1. Establish basic digital infrastructure at all ladders of TVET system in the country. 2. Enable all TVET community with relevant digital skills. 3. Use digital technologies in training, MIS, administration, and technology transfer across TVET system. 4. Ensure sustainable technology utilization by creating structured maintenance services.. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 77  2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 2.5. TVET Institutional Capacity Development © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 78  2.5. TVET Institutional Capacity Development 2.5.1 TVET Governance and Leadership 2.5.2. TVET Internationalization and Partnership 2.5.3. TVET Image Building 2.5.4. Human Resource Development in TVET 2.5.4.1. Institutional Leaders Development 2.5.4.2. TVET Trainers and Assessors Development 2.5.4.3. TVET Expert’s Development 2.5.5. TVET Financing 2.5.6. TVET Legal and Regulatory Framework © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 79  2.5.1 TVET Governance and Leadership Governance and leadership in TVET system plays significant role in the realization of the sectoral goal. TVET governance and leadership at all levels has not been empowered. There is also overlap of roles and responsibilities and structural deficiencies among different structures in the TVET governance. Therefore, Governance and leadership of the TVET system needs further revision and empowerment to bring a workable arrangement. Policy Direction, The existing TVET governance and leadership system shall be revised to bring a more effective and workable arrangement. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 80  Strategies 1. Establish organizational link and synergy among different TVET structures at all level. 2. Establish autonomous TVET relevance and quality assurance body organs at Federal and regional to formulate standards and strategies; implement those standards; and 3. Accredit the implementation against standards at federal, regional, and local level. 4. Establish TVET Research and Curriculum Institute 5. Strengthen decentralized system of leadership with responsibility and accountability at all level of TVET structure, © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 81  Cont…. 6. Establish a system through which certain polytechnic colleges are governed under the federal government to equip them with state the art technology and make them competitive, 7. Differentiate the TVET institutions with the support of the federal government, regional TVET organs to become centers of excellence in their distinct area of competence. 8. Strengthen TVET councils comprised of all relevant public and non- public stakeholders at all level. 9. Strengthen TVET board at institutional level, which is comprised of professionals, sectoral associations, and community representatives to enhance its managerial role. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 82  2.5.2. TVET Internationalization and Partnership Development partners are participating in different sectors at different levels in the effort to bring about the development of the country. Although there has been some degree of participation of development partners, it has had limitations in providing support in an integrated way for the enhancement of the quality and effectiveness of the TVET provided in the country. Therefore, it is important to establish a system in which development partners support the quality and effectiveness of TVET in an integrated manner. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 83  Cont… Policy Direction  Integrated participation of development partners shall be enhanced to strengthen the TVET system through internationalization. Strategies 1. Integrate the participation of development partners in TVET system of the country. 2. Internationalize the TVET system to enhance global competitiveness and partnership. 3. Develop a system which enables development partners to strengthen the support they provide to the expansion and enhancement of the quality of TVET. 4. Establish a system of capacity building scheme and import of know- how and recourses and technology. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 84  2.5.3. TVET Image Building Even though there is improvement, the misperception of thinking TVET as a second choice open for only those who failed to join higher education still persists. TVET community and trainees are considered as low-quality professionals. Therefore, it is important to have policy intervention. Policy Direction  A mechanism shall be developed to build positive societal image towards TVET © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 85  Strategies 1. Improve Public Awareness through different media. 2. Organize symposiums, skill competition, exhibitions and other events that help promote TVET 3. Develop a system to provide career guidance and vocational counselling service at all levels 4. Promote the participation TVET community in international skills competition/skills Olympic , 5. Vocationalize Pre- TVET education and training, 6. Link TVET with employment opportunities, © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 86  2.5.4. Human Resource Development in TVET The competence of TVET leaders, experts and trainers refers to the human resources that have ability to achieve the desired result of the system.. The required outcomes can only be achieved in the system of education and training when leaders and professionals are transparently recruited, deployed, and made to undergo continuous training which enhances their competence and value to others. The system of capacity development and deployment has also lacked effectiveness. Therefore, leaders and professionals of the sector need to be competent to make the education and training system effective. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 87  2.5.4.1. Institutional Leaders Development Policy Direction  A system shall be established to recruit, deploy, develop, promote attract and retain competent institutional leaders who would lead the institution achieve its mission effectively and efficiently. Strategies 1. Ensure a system which realizes merit-based recruitment and deployment of TVET institution leaders. 2. Develop a clear incentive mechanism to attract and retain TVET institution leaders. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 88  Cont/ 3. Develop a continuous performance assessment system of TVET institution leaders based on national standard. 4. Ensure need based continuous professional development program in in TVET system, 5. Develop a system which enhances the capacity of TVET leaders through experience sharing, short term training and other mechanisms. 6. Provide induction training program to TVET leaders at all levels. 7. Introduce and implement a term based TVET institutional leadership assignment system. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 89  2.5.4.2. TVET Trainers and Assessors Development Policy Direction  A system shall be developed to recruit, deploy, develop, and retain competent TVET trainers and assessors at different levels with a full range of professional knowledge, skills, attitudes, and industry experience Strategies 1. Establish a system through which TVET trainers be qualified in : Bachelor’s degree and above for training Level I up to II, Master’s degree and above for level III up to V coupled with industry experience and certificate of competence assessment in relevant occupation. PhD/assistant professor and above for training level VI to level VIII © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 90  Cont…./ 2. Establish TVET teacher education institutions in which TVET trainers are trained to develop the required competence. 3. Establish a system whereby industry trainers and assessors at all levels participating in cooperative training shall be trained, assessed, and certified in relevant occupations. 4. Establish institutions that provide further training for TVET trainers and assessors at regional strategic centers. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 91  Cont/ 5. Establish a system for licensing and relicensing TVET trainers and assessors. 6. Develop a clear incentive mechanism to attract and retain TVET trainers and assessors. 7. Design a mechanism to create opportunity for existing and newly employed TVET trainers to get exposure to industry experience. 8. Introduce dual employment system that allows institutional TVET trainers to work in industries and the vice versa © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 92  2.5.4.3. TVET Expert’s Development Policy Direction  A system shall be developed to recruit, deploy, develop, and retain competent TVET experts at different levels with a full range of professional knowledge, skills, attitudes and industry experience. Strategies  Strengthen merit-based criteria to recruit and deploy TVET experts.  Provide induction training to TVET experts to get them acquainted with the occupational area they are engaged in.  Design incentive mechanism to attract and retain TVET experts at all levels. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 93  2.5.5. TVET Financing TVET is a resource intensive sector. However, the context implies there is acute shortage of finance which has led to absence of adequate facilities and resources. This requires policy intervention to diversify TVET financing and improve its utilization. Policy Direction  An effective, diversified, accountable, balanced, and decentralized TVET financing and expenditure system shall be established. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 94  Strategies 1. Design and implement decentralized system of TVET finance which is based on public financing formula-block grant budget in a way it encourages full responsibility, accountability, competitiveness, and effectiveness. 2. Diversify sources and intensify financial partnerships with government and non-government sectors. 3. Fully enact and strengthen cost sharing scheme which ensures that the expenditure in TVET is covered by both the trainee and the public. 4. Establish national TVET fund. 5. Strengthen public-private partnership in TVET. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 95  Cont/ 6. Strengthen the income generating capacity of TVET institutions through different mechanisms. 7. Develop a system which enables the private sector, local community, NGOs, and civic associations to engage in TVET financing. 8. Develop special budget support scheme by the federal government for the TVET institutions , 9. Institute directive for the generation and execution of internal revenue of TVET institutions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 96  2.5.6. TVET Legal and Regulatory Framework  The existing TVET proclamation and other relevant legal documents do not address the existing dynamism ,  It should be revised to incorporate all the reform agendas and policy directions indicated in this document. Policy Direction  The TVET proclamation and other relevant legal documents shall be revised to incorporate all the reform agendas and policy directions indicated in this document. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 97  Strategies 1. Revise TVET proclamation which indicates duties and responsibilities of all TVET actors. 2. Revise TVET regulations in line with the revised TVET proclamation. 3. Facilitate the condition which enables all stakeholders to have the necessary understanding and implementation of TVET proclamation, regulations, and other relevant legal documents. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 98  2. Core Policy Issues and Implementation Strategies 2.6. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 99  2.6. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are essential to monitor & evaluate the effectiveness of progress and assess the challenges within the TVET system. It will help to assess the progress made and challenges encountered in relation to TVET: Governance and leadership, Quality and relevance, access and equity, Entrepreneurship and employability, Innovation and technology transfer, and perception and attractiveness of TVET. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 100  Cont…./ Policy Direction  Robust monitoring and evaluation system shall be instituted to track changes and make proactive interventions in the process of implementation of TVET policy, strategy, and goals. Strategies 1. Establish a comprehensive TVET Management Information System (TMIS) and data base used to manage different types of data in the system. 2. Translate the objectives of this policy and strategy into key performance indicators (KPIs) and identify means of verification for the indicators. 3. Harmonize the TVET sector KPIs with the national development indicators. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 101  Cont/ 4. Develop and implement standardized tools for monitoring and evaluation of the TVET system. 5. Prepare and implement monitoring and evaluation guideline and make aware all concerned parties 6. Establish a monitoring and evaluation mechanism at all levels to trace implementation issues and take corrective actions. © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential 2021 Federal TVAT Agency 102  I Thank You! © Ministry of Science and Higher Education| Confidential