Matter and Measurement Tutorial PDF

TUTORIAL: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 1. Classify the following as a mixture or a pure substance: 1.1 Tomato sauce 1.6 Oxygen 1.2 Spoon of sugar 1.7 Steel 1.3 Aspirin 1.8 Sodium chloride 1.4 Tap water...

TUTORIAL: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 1. Classify the following as a mixture or a pure substance: 1.1 Tomato sauce 1.6 Oxygen 1.2 Spoon of sugar 1.7 Steel 1.3 Aspirin 1.8 Sodium chloride 1.4 Tap water 1.9 Wine 1.5 Petrol 1.10 Mercury 2. Identify the following as homogenous or heterogeneous mixtures: 2.1 Beach sand 2.6 Sour milk 2.2 Salt stirred into water 2.7 Sea water 2.3 Pepper stirred into water 2.8 Polluted air 2.4 Margarine 2.9 Paper used to print 2.5 Petrol 2.10 Ink 3. Identify the following as physical or chemical changes: 3.1 Milk goes sour 3.6 Alcohol evaporates off the skin 3.2 Ice melts 3.7 Battery corrodes 3.3 Paper burns 3.8 Sugar dissolves in water 3.4 Rubber stretches 3.9 Iron rod is heated 3.5 Grape juice ferments 3.10 Petrol burns in an engine 4. A method requires that 10 g of NaCl be weighed off. 5 students each weigh off a portion of NaCl and the following results are produced: A = 10.07g B = 10.33 g C = 10.31 g D = 10.29 g E = 12.45 g Which measurement/s: 4.1 Show good accuracy? 4.2 Show good precision? 4.3 Is an outlier? 5. Classify the following as exact numbers or inexact numbers: 5.1 6 eggs 5.5 1.25 kg 5.2 15.4 ml 5.6 37 °C 5.3 100 cm in 1 m 5.7 5 books 5.4 30 students 5.8 984 mm 6. How many significant figures do the following measured quantities have? 6.1 27.53 cm 6.7 0.01205 g 6.2 64 °F 6.8 876 cm 6.3 0.060800 m 6.9 0.0002 L 6.4 102.0 g 6.10 8000.0 6.5 0.00021 kg 6.11 1.01 mm 6.6 39.240 cm 6.12 2000 mg 7. Round each value off to the number of significant figures indicated in brackets: 7.1 8.765 (2 SF) 7.6 89.254 (4 SF) 7.2 0.0254 (1 SF) 7.7 0.00250 (2 SF) TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 1  7.3 48.695 (3 SF) 7.8 7.654 x 102 (1 SF) 7.4 48790 (2 SF) 7.9 1.265 x 10-3 (3 SF) 7.5 0.01054 (1 SF) 7.10 54.342 x 105 (2 SF) 8. Express the following numbers in scientific notation: 8.1 23547 8.6 6500.0 8.2 0.00187 8.7 500000 8.3 12000 8.8 0.2500 8.4 0.000540 8.9 100100000 8.5 0.00000021 8.10 2.00 9. Express the following in non-exponential form: 9.1 1.34 x 103 9.6 6.500 x 104 9.2 2.658 x 106 9.7 5 x 103 9.3 2.0 x 10-2 9.8 2.5010 x 10-4 9.4 5.40 x 101 9.9 10.01 x 10-1 -6 9.5 5.8 x 10 9.10 5 x 100 10. Complete the following calculations and round the answer off to the correct number of significant figures. 10.1 3.24 cm x 1.223 cm x 1.0 cm 10.2 0.900 µg – 0.0010 µg 10.3 2.3 ml + 1.334 ml 10.4 0.560 g ÷ 150 ml 10.5 0.0045 mm + 0.03 mm – 0.01920 mm 10.6 1.98 x 103 ng + 0.432 x 103 ng 10.7 (0.0034 + 0.012)kg ÷ (3.245 – 2.9305)m3 10.8 1.254 cm – 0.58 cm x 2.35 ml 10.9 5.64 x 10-4 mm x 10.01 x 10-1 mm 10.10 2.0 x 10-2  6.500 x 104 – 5 x 103 11. Convert the following given units to the unit in question: 11.1 45.7 miles ____km 11.6 178 cm ____ft 11.2 108 g ____mg 11.7 704 µg ____kg 3 11.3 4.92 x 10 L ____cL 11.8 4.29 x 108 bytes ____Mb 11.4 4.2 hr ____s 11.9 6.098 x 104 gal ____mL 11.5 6.98 st ____kg 11.10 7.98 ml/s ____L/min 12. Complete the following using the example as guidance: If 1 m2 = 1m x 1m eg. = 10 dm x 10 dm = 100 dm2 = ____cm x ____cm = ____cm2 = ____mm x ____mm = ____mm2 = ____µm x ____ µm = ____µm2 = ____nm x ____ nm = ____nm2 = ____dam x ____dam = ____dam2 = ____hm x ____hm = ____hm2 = ____km x ____km = ____km2 TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 2 13. Complete the following unit conversions, use your answers you calculated in question 12 as the conversion factors : 13. 1 0.23 km2 ____m2 13. 2 107 mm2 ____cm2 13. 3 8.34 hm2 ____mm2 13. 4 98.76 cm2 ____nm2 13. 5 0.1547 dam2 ____µm2 13. 6 6.21 x 105 nm2 ____m2 9 2 13. 7 8.65 x 10 m ____km2 14. Complete the calculations in the unit indicated and round off to the correct number of significant figures: 14.1 0.23 m x 35 cm ____m2 14.2 107 mm x 8.354 dm ____cm2 14.3 8.34 hm x 0.25 km ____km2 14.4 98.76 cm x 100.5 mm ____cm2 14.5 0.1547 m x 7.25 dm ____cm2 14.6 6.21 x 10-1 cm x 4.0 x 103 mm ____m2 14.7 8.65 x 109 m x 0.25 x 101 Mm ____Gm2 15. Complete the following using the example as guidance: If 1 m2 = 1m x 1m x 1m eg. = 10 dm x 10 dm x 10 dm = 1000 dm3 = ____cm x ____cm x ____cm = ____cm3 = ____mm x ____mm x ____mm = ____mm3 = ____µm x ____µm x ____µm = ____µm3 = ____nm x ____nm x ____nm = ____nm3 = ____dam x ____dam x ____dam = ____dam3 = ____km x ____km x ____km = ____km3 16. Complete the following unit conversions, use your answers you calculated in question 15 as the conversion factors : 16. 1 2.5 dm3 ____m3 16. 2 4.21 m3 ____cm3 16. 3 1784 mm3 ____dm3 16. 4 274 cm3 ____mL 16. 5 782 L ____m3 3 16. 6 1.496 m ____mL 16. 7 8.65 L ____cm3 17. Complete the calculations in the unit indicated and round off to the correct number of significant figures: 17.1 0.23 m x 35 cm x 0.005 m ____m3 17.2 107 mm x 8.354 dm x 43 cm ____cm3 17.3 8.34 hm x 0.25 km x 564 dm ____km3 17.4 98.76 cm x 100.5 mm x 1.25 m ____cm3 17.5 0.1547 m x 7.25 dm x 45 cm ____cm3 TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 3  17.6 6.21 x 10-1 cm x 4.0 x 103 mm x 1.2 x 101 µm ____m3 17.7 8.65 x 109 m x 0.25 x 101 Mm x 2.3 x 105 hm ____Gm3 18. Which of the following liquids has the greatest density? 18.1 13 cm3 with a mass of 23 g 18.2 3.5 cm3 with a mass of 10 g 18.3 0.022 cm3 with a mass of 0.10 g 18.4 54 cm3 with a mass of 45 g 18.5 210 cm3 with a mass of 12 g 19. A gas at 25 °C fills a container which comprises a volume of 1.05  103 cm3. The total mass of the container plus the gas is 837.6 g. The container, when emptied of all gas, has a mass of 836.2 g. Calculate the density of the gas at 25 °C. 20. Titanium is a metal used to make golf clubs. A rectangular bar of this metal measuring 1.84 cm x 2.24 cm x 2.44 cm was found to have a mass of 45.7 g. what is the density of titanium? 21. Ethyl ether has been used as an anaesthetic. Its density is 0.715 g/ml. Calculate the mass of 25.41 ml ethyl ether. 22. An empty measuring cylinder weighs 76.43 g. When filled with 25 ml of water, its mass increases to 101.71 g. A piece of soap is added to the cylinder, the volume increases to 33.6 ml and the cylinder now weighs 112.94 g. An aliquot of oil, measuring 11.4 ml, is poured into the cylinder, increasing its total mass to 122.91 g. Lastly, a piece of metal, weighing 26.43 g, is also added to the cylinder, increasing the volume to 48.2 ml. Calculate the following: 22.1 Density of the soap 22.2 Density of oil 22.3 Density of the piece of metal 22.4 Which substance will float in the cylinder, why? 22.5 What happens to the piece of soap when added to the water, why? 23. Complete the following temperature conversions: 23.1 62 °C to K 23.2 98 °F to °C 23.3 85 °C to °F 23.4 233 K to °C 23.5 216 °C to °F 23.6 72 °F to °C 23.7 56 K to °F (hint: first convert to °C) 23.8 2500 °F to K 23.9 315 K to °F TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 4 INFORMATION PAGE TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 5  Prefix Symbol Factor Example Giga G 109 1 Gm = 1 x 109 m 1 m = 1 x 10-9 Gm Mega M 106 1 Mm = 1 x 106 m 1 m = 1 x 10-6 Mm kilo k 103 1 km = 1 x 103 m 1 m = 1 x 10-3 km (0.001 km) hecta h 102 1 hm = 1 x 102 m 1 m = 1 x 10-2 hm (0.01 hm) deca da 101 1 dam = 1 x 101 m 1 m = 1 x 10-1 dam (0.1 dam) base unit ----- deci d 10-1 1 dm = 1 x 10-1 m 1 m = 1 x 101 dm (10 dm) centi c 10-2 1 cm = 1 x 10-2 m 1 m = 1 x 102 cm (100 cm) milli m 10-3 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m 1 m = 1 x 103 mm (1000 mm) micro µ 10-6 1 µm = 1 x 10-6 m 1 m = 1 x 106 µm (1 000 000 µm) nano n 10-9 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m 1 m = 1 x 109 nm pico p 10-12 1 pm = 1 x 10-12 m 1 m = 1 x 1012 pm ANSWERS 1.1 mixture 1.6 Pure subst. 1.2 Pure subst. 1.7 mixture 1.3 Pure subst. 1.8 Pure subst. 1.4 mixture 1.9 mixture 1.5 mixture 1.10 Pure subst. 2.1 heterogeneous 2.6 heterogeneous 2.2 homogenous 2.7 heterogeneous 2.3 heterogeneous 2.8 heterogeneous 2.4 homogenous 2.9 homogenous 2.5 homogenous 2.10 Homogenous 3.1 Chemical change 3.6 Physical change 3.2 Physical change 3.7 Chemical change 3.3 Chemical change 3.8 Physical change 3.4 Physical change 3.9 Physical change 3.5 Chemical change 3.10 Chemical change 4.1 A 4.2 B, C, D 4.3 E 5.1 exact 5.5 inexact 5.2 inexact 5.6 inexact 5.3 exact 5.7 exact 5.4 exact 5.8 Inexact TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 6 6.1 4 6.7 4 6.2 2 6.8 3 6.3 5 6.9 1 6.4 4 6.10 5 6.5 2 6.11 3 6.6 5 6.12 1 7.1 8.8 7.6 89.25 7.2 0.03 7.7 0.0025 7.3 48.7 7.8 8 x 102 7.4 49000 7.9 1.27 x 10-3 7.5 0.01 7.10 5.4 x 106 8.1 2.3547 x 104 8.6 6.5000 x 103 8.2 187 x 10-3 8.7 5 x 105 8.3 1.2 x 104 8.8 2.500 x 10-1 8.4 5.40 x 10-4 8.9 1.001 x 108 8.5 2.1 x 10-7 8.10 2.00 x 100 9.1 1340 9.6 65000 9.2 2658000 9.7 5000 9.3 0.020 9.8 0.00025010 9.4 54.0 9.9 1.001 9.5 0.0000058 9.10 5 10.1 4.0 cm3 (2 sf) 10.2 0.899 µg (3 decimals) 10.3 3.6 ml (1 dec) 10.4 0.0037 g/ml (2 sf) 10.5 0.02 mm (2 dec) 10.6 2.41 x 103 ng (2 dec) 10.7 0.049 kg/m3 (2 sf) 10.8 Not possible: cm cannot be subtracted from cm.ml 10.9 5.65 x 10-4 mm2 (3 sf) 10.10 -5000 (1 sf) 11. 1 73.5 km (3 sf) 11. 2 1.08 x 105 mg (3 sf) 11. 3 4.92 x 105 cL (3 sf) 11. 4 15120  1.5 x 104 s (2 sf) 11. 5 44.325  44.3 kg (3 sf) 11. 6 5.8384  5.84 ft (3 sf) 11. 7 7.04 x 10-7 kg (3 sf) 11. 8 429 Mb (3 sf) 11. 9 2.34538 x 108  2.345 x 108 mL (4 sf) 11. 10 0.4788  0.479 L/min (3 sf) TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 7 12. Complete the following using the example as guidance: If 1 m2 = 1m x 1m = 10 dm x 10 dm = 100 dm2 = 100 cm x 100 cm = 1 x 104 cm2 = 1000 mm x 1000 mm = 1 x 106 mm2 = 1 x 106 µm x 1 x 106 µm = 1 x 1012 µm2 = 1 x 109 nm x 1 x 109 nm = 1 x 1018 nm2 = 0.1 dam x 0.1 dam = 0.01 dam2 = 0.01 hm x 0.01 hm = 1 x 10-4 hm2 = 0.001 km x 0.001 km = 1 x 10-6 km2 13. 1 2.3 x 105 m2 13. 2 1.07 cm2 13. 3 8.34 x 1010 mm2 13. 4 9.876 x 1015 nm2 13. 5 1.547 x 1015 µm2 13. 6 6.21 x 10-13 m2 13. 7 8.65 x 103 km2 14.1 0.0805  0.081 m2 (2 sf) 14.2 893.878  894 cm2 (3 sf) 14.3 0.2085  0.21 km2 (2 sf) 14.4 992.538  992.5 cm2 (4 sf) 14.5 1121.575  1.12 x 103 cm2 (3 sf) 14.6 0.02484  0.025 m2 (2 sf) 14.7 0.021625  0.022 Gm2 (2 sf) 15. Complete the following using the example as guidance: If 1 m2 = 1m x 1m x 1m = 10 dm x 10 dm x 10 dm = 1 x 103 dm3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm = 1 x 106 cm3 = 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm = 1 x 109 mm3 6 6 6 = 1 x 10 µm x 1 x 10 µm x 1 x 10 µm = 1 x 1018 µm3 9 9 = 1 x 10 nm x 1 x 10 nm x 1 x 109 nm = 1 x 1027 nm3 = 0.1 dam x 0.1 dam x 0.1 dam = 1 x 10-3 dam3 = 0.001 km x 0.001 km x 0.001 km = 1 x 10-9 km3 16. 1 2.5 x 10-3 m3 16. 2 4.21 x 106 cm3 16. 3 1.784 x 10-3 dm3 16. 4 274 mL 16. 5 0.782 m3 16. 6 1.496 x 106 mL 16. 7 8650 cm3 TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 8  17.1 0.0004025  4 x 10-4 m3 (1 sf) 17.2 38436.754  3.8 x 104 cm3 (2 sf) 17.3 0.011759  1.2 x10-2 km3 (2 sf) 17.4 124067.25  1.24 x 105 cm3 (3 sf) 17.5 50470.875  5.0 x 104 cm3 (2 sf) 17.6 2.9808 x 10-7  3.0 x 10-7 m3 (2 sf) 17.7 0.00049737  5.0 x10-4 Gm3 (2 sf) 18.1 d = m/V = (23/13) =1.76923  1.8 g/cm3 (2 sf) 18.2 d = m/V = (10/3.5)=2.8571  3 g/cm3 (1 sf) 18.3 d = m/V = (0.10/0.022) =4.54545  4.5 g/cm3 (2sf)GREATEST DENSITY 18.4 d = m/V = (45/54) =0.833333  0.83 g/cm3 (2 sf) 18.5 d = m/V = (12/210) =0.05714  0.057 g/cm3 (2 sf) 19. d = m/V = (837.6 – 836.2) g /1.05  103 cm3 = 1.33 x 10-3 g/cm3 20. d = m/V = 45.7 g /(1.84 cm x 2.24 cm x 2.44 cm) = 4.54 g/cm3 21. m=dxV= 0.715 g/ml x 25.41 ml = 18.2 g 22.1 d = m/V = (112.94 – 101.71)g/(33.6 – 25)ml = 1.3 g/ml 22.2 d = m/V = (122.91 – 112.94)g/(11.4)ml = 0.875 g/ml 22.3 d = m/V = 26.43 g/(48.2 – 11.4 – 33.6)ml = 8.26 g/ml 22.4 The oil will float – it has a density smaller than that of water 0.875 g/ml < 1 g/ml 22.5 It sinks to the bottom – it has a density greater than that of water 1.3 g/ml > 1 g/ml 23.1 K = 62 °C + 273 = 335 K 23.2 °C = 5/9 x (98 °F – 32) = 37 °C 23.3 °F = (9/5 x 85 °C) +32 = 185 °F 23.4 °C = 233 K - 273 = - 40 °C 23.5 °F = (9/5 x 216 °C) +32 = 421 °F 23.6 °C = 5/9 x (72 °F – 32) = 22 °C 23.7 °C = 56 K - 273 =- 217 °C then °F = (9/5 x -217 °C) +32 =-359 °F 23.8 °C = 5/9 x (2500 °F – 32) = 1371 °F then K = 1371 °C + 273 = 1644 K 23.9 °C = 315 K - 273 = 42 °C then °F = (9/5 x 42 °C) +32 = 107 °F TUTORIAL MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 9