Truncus Arteriosus PDF
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This document describes a congenital heart defect called truncus arteriosus. It explains the key features, associated defects, embryology, echo findings, and classification systems. The document also includes clinical signs, surgical repair, and a cheat sheet.
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Truncus Arteriosus efinition:rare congenital heart defect in whicha single common artery (the truncus) arises from the heart, D instead of the normal separate pulmonary artery and aorta.(mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being circulated to both the systemic and pulmonary system...
Truncus Arteriosus efinition:rare congenital heart defect in whicha single common artery (the truncus) arises from the heart, D instead of the normal separate pulmonary artery and aorta.(mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being circulated to both the systemic and pulmonary systems) Key Features Single Great Artery:There is a single artery thatoverrides both ventricles, providing blood to the coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries, and systemic circulation. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Large, nonrestrictiveVSD present, allowing communication between the right and left ventricles. Truncal Valve: A single valve, often with 3 cusps(though it can have 2 or 4), sits at the root of the truncus arteriosus. The valve may have regurgitation or stenosis. Pulmonary Arteries:The pulmonary arteries arise fromthe truncus arteriosus instead of a separate pulmonary trunk. Their location and origin are variable depending on the type of truncus. Aortic Arch:The aortic arch may show variations likea right-sided aortic arch in 1/3 of patients. Associated Defects:Right aortic arch, secundum ASD,CA anomalies, DiGeorge syndrome and interrupted aortic arch Embryology:failure of aorticopulmonary septum todevelop and divide common truncus arteriosus into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Echo Findings A dilated single great artery overriding both ventricles. A large, unrestricted VSD. Assessment of pulmonary artery anatomy and truncal valve morphology (cusp number, regurgitation, stenosis). Possible presence of a right aortic arch or coronary anomalies. Classification Systems ollet & Edwards:Based on pulmonary artery Van Praagh:Based on embrylogic development C origin Type 1: Portion of MPA present, branches into PAs. Type 1: Main pulmonary artery (MPA) Type 2: No MPA, separate branch PAs arise from branches into left and right PAs. truncus. Type 2: Separate PAs branch close Type 3: Only one PA branch arises from the together, no MPA. truncus. Type 3: Separate PAs branch far apart Type 4: Aortic arch anomalies, including from the truncus, no MPA. interruption. linical Signs:Tachypnea, failure to thrive, earlyonset pulmonary congestion. C Surgical Repair:Early surgical intervention (VSDclosure, PA conduit repair) is critical for survival. Lifelong follow-up and multiple surgeries are often needed. heat Sheet: C Definition:A congenital heart defect where a singlearterial trunk (truncus) arises from both ventricles, supplying both systemic and pulmonary circulations. Key features:Single great artery. Large VSD. Singletruncal valve (often 3 cusps). Pulmonary arteries originate from truncus. Common associated right aortic arch. Embryology:failure of aorticopulmonary septum todevelop Associated Defects: Right aortic arch, ASD, coronaryartery anomalies, DiGeorge syndrome. Treatment: Early surgical intervention (VSD closure, PA conduit repair), with multiple surgeries likely needed over time.
