Truncus Arteriosus PDF

‭Truncus Arteriosus‬ ‭ efinition:‬‭rare congenital heart defect in which‬‭a single common artery (the truncus) arises from the heart,‬ D ‭instead of the normal separate pulmonary artery and aorta.‬‭(mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being‬ ‭circulated to both the systemic and pulmonary system...

‭Truncus Arteriosus‬ ‭ efinition:‬‭rare congenital heart defect in which‬‭a single common artery (the truncus) arises from the heart,‬ D ‭instead of the normal separate pulmonary artery and aorta.‬‭(mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being‬ ‭circulated to both the systemic and pulmonary systems)‬ ‭Key Features‬ ‭‬ ‭Single Great Artery:‬‭There is a single artery that‬‭overrides both ventricles, providing blood to the‬ ‭coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries, and systemic circulation.‬ ‭‬ ‭Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)‬‭: Large, nonrestrictive‬‭VSD present, allowing communication between‬ ‭the right and left ventricles.‬ ‭‬ ‭Truncal Valve‬‭: A single valve, often with 3 cusps‬‭(though it can have 2 or 4), sits at the root of the‬ ‭truncus arteriosus. The valve may have regurgitation or stenosis.‬ ‭‬ ‭Pulmonary Arteries:‬‭The pulmonary arteries arise from‬‭the truncus arteriosus instead of a separate‬ ‭pulmonary trunk. Their location and origin are variable depending on the type of truncus.‬ ‭‬ ‭Aortic Arch:‬‭The aortic arch may show variations like‬‭a right-sided aortic arch in 1/3 of patients.‬ ‭Associated Defects:‬‭Right aortic arch, secundum ASD,‬‭CA anomalies, DiGeorge syndrome and interrupted‬ ‭aortic arch‬ ‭Embryology:‬‭failure of aorticopulmonary septum to‬‭develop and divide common truncus arteriosus into the‬ ‭aorta and pulmonary trunk.‬ ‭Echo Findings‬ ‭‬ ‭A dilated single great artery overriding both ventricles.‬ ‭‬ ‭A large, unrestricted VSD.‬ ‭‬ ‭Assessment of pulmonary artery anatomy and truncal valve morphology (cusp number, regurgitation,‬ ‭stenosis).‬ ‭‬ ‭Possible presence of a right aortic arch or coronary anomalies.‬ ‭Classification Systems‬ ‭ ollet & Edwards:‬‭Based on pulmonary artery‬ ‭Van Praagh:‬‭Based on embrylogic development‬ C ‭origin‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 1: Portion of MPA present, branches into PAs.‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 1: Main pulmonary artery (MPA)‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 2: No MPA, separate branch PAs arise from‬ ‭branches into left and right PAs.‬ ‭truncus.‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 2: Separate PAs branch close‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 3: Only one PA branch arises from the‬ ‭together, no MPA.‬ ‭truncus.‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 3: Separate PAs branch far apart‬ ‭‬ ‭Type 4: Aortic arch anomalies, including‬ ‭from the truncus, no MPA.‬ ‭interruption.‬ ‭ linical Signs:‬‭Tachypnea, failure to thrive, early‬‭onset pulmonary congestion.‬ C ‭Surgical Repair:‬‭Early surgical intervention (VSD‬‭closure, PA conduit repair) is critical for survival. Lifelong‬ ‭follow-up and multiple surgeries are often needed.‬ ‭ heat Sheet:‬ C ‭Definition:‬‭A congenital heart defect where a single‬‭arterial trunk (truncus) arises from both ventricles,‬ ‭supplying both systemic and pulmonary circulations.‬ ‭Key features‬‭:Single great artery. Large VSD. Single‬‭truncal valve (often 3 cusps). Pulmonary arteries‬ ‭originate from truncus. Common associated right aortic arch.‬ ‭Embryology:‬‭failure of aorticopulmonary septum to‬‭develop‬ ‭Associated Defects‬‭: Right aortic arch, ASD, coronary‬‭artery anomalies, DiGeorge syndrome.‬ ‭Treatment: Early surgical intervention (VSD closure, PA conduit repair), with multiple surgeries likely needed‬ ‭over time.‬