TRENDS IN MARITIME INDUSTRY.pptx

Trends, Issues, and Breakthrough in the Maritime Industry UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PRAYER PRAYER  Course Description This course Trends, Issues and Breakthrough in Maritime Industry (ELECTIVE 1) will thoroughly...

Trends, Issues, and Breakthrough in the Maritime Industry UNIVERSITY OF THE VISAYAS COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PRAYER PRAYER  Course Description This course Trends, Issues and Breakthrough in Maritime Industry (ELECTIVE 1) will thoroughly familiarize students with the mandatory minimum requirements for knowledge, understanding and proficiency in Table A-II/1 and III/1 of STCW 2010 Code for the function for both  Course Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the Environmental Impact of Maritime Shipping Industry and Maritime Industry Issues; and 2. Describe the Breakthrough in Maritime Industry  TOPICS Trends, Breakthrou Maritime Issues and gh in Industry Nevertheless, marine transportation still generates negative impacts on the marine environment, including air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, releases of ballast water containing aquatic invasive species, historical use of antifoulants, oil and chemical spills, dry bulk cargo releases, garbage, underwater noise pollution; ship-strikes on marine megafauna, risk of ship grounding or sinkings, and widespread sediment contamination of ports during Marine transportation drives global trade, moving > 10 billion tons of containers, solid, and liquid bulk cargo across the world’s seas annually. Historically, shipping companies and ports operated with limited environmental oversight, but accidental oil spills in the 1960s, caused widespread coastal pollution and seabird mortality, triggering the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). MARPOL is the main international convention to prevent marine pollution by ships from operational or accidental causes. Additionally, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) uses various instruments to protect the marine environment from shipping activities. Nevertheless, marine transportation still generates negative impacts on the marine environment, including air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, releases of ballast water containing aquatic invasive species, historical use of antifoulants, oil and chemical spills, dry bulk cargo releases, garbage, underwater noise pollution; ship-strikes on marine megafauna, risk of ship grounding or sinkings, and widespread sediment contamination of ports during transshipment or ship breaking  1. Ballast Water Ballast water discharges by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, invasive, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic  2. Sound Pollution Noise pollution caused by shipping and other human enterprises has increased in recent history. The noise produced by ships can travel long distances, and marine species who may rely on sound for their orientation, communication, and feeding, can be harmed by this sound pollution. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species has identified ocean noise as a potential threat to marine life. The disruption of whales' ability to communicate with one another is an extreme threat and is affecting their ability to survive. According to Discovery Channel's article on Sonic Sea Journeys Deep into the Ocean, over the last century, extremely loud noise from commercial ships, oil and gas exploration, naval sonar exercises and other sources has transformed the ocean's delicate acoustic habitat, challenging the ability of whales and other marine life to prosper and ultimately to survive. Whales are starting to react to this in ways that are life-threatening. Kenneth C. Balcomb, a whale researcher and a former U.S Navy officer, states that the day 15 March 2000, is the day of infamy.  3. Wildlife Collisions Carcass of a whale on a shore in Iceland. Marine mammals, such as whales and manatees, risk being struck by ships, causing injury and death. For example, a collision with a ship traveling at only 15 knots has a 79% chance of being lethal to a whale. One notable example of the impact of ship collisions is the endangered North Atlantic right whale, of which 400 or fewer remain. The greatest danger to the North Atlantic right whale is injury sustained from ship strikes. Between 1970 and 1999, 35.5% of recorded deaths were attributed to collisions. From 1999 to 2003, incidents of mortality and serious injury attributed to ship strikes averaged one per year. From 2004 to 2006, that number increased to 2.6.  4. Atmospheric Pollution Exhaust gases from ships are considered to be a significant source of air pollution, both for conventional pollutants and greenhouse gases. 4.1. Conventional Pollutants Air pollution from ships is generated by diesel engines that burn high sulfur content fuel oil, also known as bunker oil, producing sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particulate, in addition to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons which again leads to the formation of aersols and secondary chemicals reactions including formations of HCHO, Ozone etc. in the atmosphere. Diesel exhaust has been classified by EPA as a likely human carcinogen. EPA recognizes that these emissions from marine diesel engines contribute to ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment  5. Oil Spills Most commonly associated with ship pollution are oil spills.[1 ] While less frequent than the pollution that occurs from daily operations, oil spills have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the sediment and marine environment  6. Wastewater The cruise line industry dumps 255,000 US gallons (970 m 3) of greywater and 30,000 US gallons (110 m3) of blackwater into the sea every day. Blackwater is sewage, wastewater from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria, pathogens, viruses, intestinal parasites, and harmful nutrients. Discharges of untreated or inadequately treated sewage can cause bacterial and viral contamination of fisheries and shellfish beds, producing risks to public health. Nutrients in sewage, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, promote excessive algal blooms, which consumes oxygen in the water and can lead to fish kills and destruction of other aquatic life. A large cruise ship (3,000 passengers and crew) generates an estimated 55,000 to 110,000 liters per day of blackwater waste. Greywater is wastewater from the sinks, showers, galleys, laundry, and cleaning activities aboard a ship. It can contain a variety of pollutant substances, including fecal coliforms, detergents, oil and grease, metals, organic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, nutrients, food waste, medical and dental waste. Sampling done by the EPA and the state of Alaska found that untreated greywater from cruise ships can contain pollutants at variable strengths and that it can contain levels of fecal coliform bacteria several times greater than is typically found in untreated domestic wastewater.[  7. Solid Waste Solid waste generated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminium and steel cans, and plastics. It can be either non-hazardous or hazardous in nature. Solid waste that enters the ocean may become marine debris, and can then pose a threat to marine organisms, humans, coastal communities, and industries that utilize marine waters. Cruise ships typically manage solid waste by a combination of source reduction, waste minimization, and recycling. However, as much as 75 percent of solid waste is incinerated on board, and the ash typically is discharged at sea, although some is landed ashore for disposal or recycling. Marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, and birds can be injured or killed from entanglement with plastics and other solid waste that may be released or disposed off of cruise ships  8. International Regulation Some of the major international efforts in the form of treaties are the Marine Pollution Treaty, Honolulu, which deals with regulating marine pollution from ships, and the UN Convention on Law of the Sea, which deals with marine species and pollution. While plenty of local and international regulations have been introduced throughout maritime history, much of the current regulations are considered inadequate. "In general, the treaties tend to emphasize the technical features of safety and pollution control measures without going to the root causes of sub-standard shipping, the absence of incentives for compliance and the lack of enforceability of measures."  9. Bilge Water On a ship, oil often leaks from engine and machinery spaces or from engine maintenance activities and mixes with water in the bilge, the lowest part of the hull of the ship. Though bilge water is filtered and cleaned before being discharged, oil in even minute concentrations can kill fish or have various sub-lethal chronic effects. Bilge water also may contain solid wastes and pollutants containing high levels of oxygen-demanding material, oil and other chemicals. A typically large cruise ship will generate an average of 8 metric tons of oily bilge water for each 24 hours of operation. To maintain ship stability and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from oil vapors in these areas, the bilge spaces need to be flushed and periodically pumped dry. 5 KEY CHALLENGES FACING THE MARITIME INDUSTRY TODAY  Meeting Sustainability Regulations In July 2021, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) announced a new set of regulations designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions from the maritime industry by 40% by 2030. Shipping companies must comply with all new and existing ships by calculating their current carbon footprint, using more energy- efficient fuel, and implementing technology such as  2. Embracing Digitalization With a number of new solutions on the market, maritime companies are adopting new technology like artificial intelligence (AI). As the industry evolves toward a more connected, technologically-driven system of fleet management, shipping companies that do not digitize their business — implementing smarter, AI-powered technology on-board ships, modernizing data collection, and investing in crew training for these  3. The Human Element of Safety One of the shortcomings of a typical “smart ship” application is that it relies heavily on machinery data and sensors, which misses one of the most critical factors on board: the human element. As much as 96% of at-sea incidents result from human error. Statistics like these make it seem like every incident is caused by a mistake, but the reality is the systems put in place onboard ships can sometimes contribute to these errors. Human factors — defined by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) as “physical, psychological, and social characteristics that affect human interaction with equipment, systems, processes, other  4. Adapting Crew to Changing Operations This rise in new technology naturally gives way to another key challenge: finding and training the right crew members. The maritime industry is no exception when it comes to the “Great Resignation.” Major players now offer huge bonuses and perks to retain their seafarers, from Maersk offering $1000 bonuses and HMM offering a 7.9% raise. All this comes at a time when the demands on crew members are changing. The shipping industry has a major opportunity as they adopt new technologies to build more autonomous systems. However, this cannot ever replace your crew. The right technology solutions enable them to be more efficient and make Seafarers will need to adapt and grow their skills in order to keep up with these changes, such as: Critical thinking and problem-solving Data analysis and visual thinking Digital intelligence Multitasking Retraining on new technologies  The maritime industry is currently facing several significant challenges: 1.Environmental Regulations: The industry is under pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set ambitious targets, such as cutting emissions by 40% by 2030 1. This requires significant changes in fuel types and ship designs. 2.Geopolitical Risks: Conflicts in key maritime routes, like the Red Sea, have disrupted trade. Attacks on merchant vessels and geopolitical tensions can lead to increas ed insurance costs and longer shipping routes 2. 3.Climate Change : Environmental events, such as droughts affecting the Panama Canal, ar 1.Digitalization: The industry is moving towards greater digitalization to improve efficiency and safety. However, this transition also brings challenges related to cyb ersecurity and the need for new skills 1. 2.Workforce Shortages: There is a growing shortage of skilled maritime workers. This issue is compounded by the need for new skills to handl e advanced technologies and digital systems 3. 3.Economic Pressures: Global economic fluctuations can impact shipping demand and profitability.  Reference https://www.startus-insights.com/innovators-guide/maritime- trends-innovations/#:~:text=1.%20Artificial%20Intelligence www.sciencedirect.com Environmental Impact of Shipping | Encyclopedia M DPI Environmental Impact of Shipping | Encyclopedia M DPI