Trauma Management Principles PDF

TRAUMA General principles of initial management in traumatized patient By Dr Sharmeen ▪Objectives : ▪Define trauma? ▪General principles of management in traumatized patient? ► Trauma is defined as a tissue injury that occurs more or less suddenly due to violence or accident and is accoun...

TRAUMA General principles of initial management in traumatized patient By Dr Sharmeen ▪Objectives : ▪Define trauma? ▪General principles of management in traumatized patient? ► Trauma is defined as a tissue injury that occurs more or less suddenly due to violence or accident and is accountable for initiating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and immunologic and metabolic responses responsible for restoring homeostasis.  T R An event that causes Injury Mental damage Emotional damage A to body U M A ▪ We are here to learn basic techniques of triage and emergency care within the first, most critical hour, of patient arrival at the hospital. how we will do? ▪ Open and maintain airway ▪ Perform life saving procedure ▪ Manage active bleeding ▪ Place intravenous line ▪ Learn shock management ▪The "golden hour" concept, which emphasized the increased risk of death and the need for rapid intervention during the first hour of care following major trauma, ▪ MANAGEMENT GOALS ▪ Primary survey ▪ Examine, diagnose, treat life-threatening injuries as soon as they are diagnosed ▪ Use simplest treatment possible to stabilize patient’s condition ▪ Secondary survey ▪ Perform complete thorough patient examination to ensure no other injuries are missed  Start resuscitation at the same time as performing primary survey Do not start secondary survey until completing primary survey Constantly reassess patient for response to treatment; if condition deteriorates, reassess ABC ▪ Do not start definitive treatment until secondary survey is completed unless required as life-saving measure When definitive treatment is not available, have a plan for safe transfer of patient to another Centre ▪ MAJOR TRAUMA ▪ Trauma mechanism: A fall >3 meters Road traffic accident: net speed >30 km/h Thrown from or trapped in a vehicle Pedestrian or cyclist hit by a car Unrestrained occupant of a vehicle Injury from high or low velocity weapon ▪ Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (EESC) programme ▪ MAJOR TRAUMA ▪ Physical findings: Airway or respiratory distress Blood pressure