Leadership and Management NCM 0119 PDF

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 3. Discipline - No slacking, bending of rules. TOPIC OVERVIEW The workers should be ob...

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 3. Discipline - No slacking, bending of rules. TOPIC OVERVIEW The workers should be obedient and A. MAIN TOPIC TITLE 1 respectful of the organization Unity of a. Subtopic 1 b. Subtopic 2 4. Command - Each employee has one and B. MAIN TOPIC TITLE 2 only one boss to give a. Subtopic 1 b. Subtopic 2 instructions or assignments 5. Unity of Direction - a single mind PRE QUIZ generates a single plan and all play their part Text in that plan but only one person is in charge Text of the group's ★ Text ★ Text 6. Subordination of Individual Interests - Term - Description when at work, only work things shall be 1.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS pursued or thought about MANAGEMENT 7. Remuneration - Employees receive fair - a process of coordinating actions and treatment or compensation for services, not allocating resources to achieve what the company can get away with organizational goals - Came from the word “ to manage”(henri Fayol) 8. Centralization of Authority - NURSING MANAGEMENT: Consolidation of management functions, - is performing leadership functions of decisions are made from the top, producing governance and decision-making within uniformity of actions, reduces errors in organizations employing nurses. performance of tasks - It includes processes common to all management like planning, organizing, 9. Chain of Command - formal chain of staffing, directing and controlling. command running from top to bottom of the organization 1.1 Universal Principles of Management 10. Decentralization of authority - focuses 1. Authority - the right to give orders and the on importance of human elements, those at power to exact obedience lower levels are encouraged to participate In decision-making 2. Specialization of labor - specialization encourages continuous improvement in skills 11. Material and social order - All materials and the development and improvements in and personnel have prescribed values and methods places, embodied In the institution's policies and regulations, and they must remain there K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 1  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 12. Equity and Justice - Fair and just 1. MANAGEMENT ARE CLASSICAL treatment ( but not-necessarily identical ★ The classical management theory focuses treatment) no favoritism on finding the one best way to perform and manage tasks. 13. Personnel tenure - limited turn-over of personnel. Lifetime employment for good 2.MANAGEMENT THEORY, BEHAVIORAL workers, granting security of tenure and permanent status after satisfactory ★ The behavioral management theory performance recognizes employees as individuals with concrete human needs, as parts of work 14. Initiative - thinking out a plan and do groups, and members of a larger society. what it takes to make it happen 3.MANAGEMENT THEORY, QUANTITATIVE 15. Scalar chain- interconnectedness of people within the organization from top to ★ The quantitative management theory uses bottom quantitative tools to help plan and control nearly everything in an organization 16. Hierarchy- line of authority 4.MANAGEMENT THEORY, SYSTEM 17. Motivation of personnel - as rational ★ The systems management theory holds that beings, personnel must be allowed to work organization comprises various parts that their minds in problem-solving and must perform tasks necessary for the decision-making survival and proper functioning of the system as a whole. 18. Esprit de Corps - harmony, cohesion among personnel, principle of unity of command 5.MANAGEMENT THEORY, CONTINGENCY must be observed ★ The contingency management theory is 1.2 Theories of Management based on the premise that manager's preferred actions or approaches depend on ★ Management are classical the variables of the situations they face. ★ Management theory, Behavioral ★ Management theory, Quantitative 6.MANAGEMENT THEORY, QUALITY MANAGEMENT ★ Management theory, Systems ★ Management theory, Contingency ★ The quality management theory states that ★ Management theory, and Quality the essence of the quality of any output is management theory. its ability to meet the needs of the person or group. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 2  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Leadership and Management 2.0 Defined LEADERSHIP: - Is the ability to persuade others to follow your direction, to motivate, to inspire and to instill vision and purpose. Leadership combines: intrinsic personality traits learned leadership skills, characteristics of the situation. LEADER - guides people and groups to A. MANAGEMENT accomplish common goals. - coordinates people, time, and mall 1s - It influences the beliefs, opinions, or supplies to achieve desired outcomes. behaviors of a person, group, or - involves problem-solving and groups of people. decision-making processes. MANAGER RESPONSIBILITIES NURSE LEADER ★ maintain control of the day-to-day - is able to inspire others on the well in operations, health care team to make patient ★ achieve established goals and education an important aspect of all objectives. care activities. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES ★ unique personality characteristics, ★ exceptional clinical expertise, ★ relationships with others in the organization. - maintain control of the day-to-day operations, - achieve established goals and objectives. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 3  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Nurse manager will have: an appointed management position within the organization with responsibilities to perform administrative tasks: FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTION PLANNING includes defining goals and objectives developing policies and procedures; determining resource allocation; and developing evaluation methods. ORGANIZING includes identifying the management structure to accomplish work, determining communication processes, and coordinating people, time and work. STAFFING includes those activities required to have qualified people accomplish work such as recruiting, hiring, training, scheduling and ongoing staff development. DIRECTING encourages employees to accomplish goals and objectives and involves communicating, delegating, motivating, and managing conflict. CONTROLLING analyzes results to evaluate accomplishments and includes evaluating employee performance, analyzing financial activities, and monitoring quality of care. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 4  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Notes: you must aware on the schedule and changes TOPIC OVERVIEW of staffing C. Nurse manager roles and responsibilities a. Subtopic 1 4. Mentoring b. Subtopic 2 Notes: You must take note that the nursing career is a D. MAIN TOPIC TITLE 2 a. Subtopic 1 continuous learning so as a nurse a manager you must b. Subtopic 2 train mentor or orient your colleagues. Nurse Manager Roles and Responsibilities Built in nurses: According to sir parico. rule if 6am to 2pm your special assignment mo doon sa duty mo Introduction nayon ang assignment molang yon hindi pwede A nurse manager coordinates & manages a pinagsasabay. (BUILT IN CI) nursing staff. Notes: it manage thru process using relationship 5. Information collection with other nurses staff. Notes: The role of the nurse manager is collection formation you must record on what’s is happening Ensures the effective run of his associates. (according to sir parico. pakiramdaman mo kung ano needs nila) Efficient around the clock, follows all administrative & clinical procedures, & policies 6. Evaluation of information according to set of medical guidance Notes: You evaluate your subordinates like after 3 months so that we can check if they can do it by themselves already. To train more the fresh graduates Notes: You are managing your time or you are putting your time to the patients, To make schedule 7. Communication and managing clinical procedures. Notes: Two way communication Maintains an effective work environment. 8. Decision making Notes: Decision making is difficult alone. “What is your Role of nurse manager decision.” 1. Creation of vision Notes: you must have a plan to sustain the good 9. Relationship development management of the Hospital you must have a vision. Notes: Mentoring, seminars, teambuilding. To develop working relationships. 2. Implementation of the vision 10. Control work environment 3. Facilitation of changes K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 5  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Notes: Be sure that everything is in place. (Complete They do this with full understanding of the equipment and supplies). Responsible for the requests concept behind & also convey the rational behind of supplies. to the associates. 10 Roles of Nurse Manager Creation of vision E.g. According to sir paricakes. Hindi habang Visionary leaders lead organizations towards buhay ikaw and dean ng college of nursing so you success cause they have clear of organization's will need to expect changes sometimes you are the missions. ci or you are the dean give chances to others to achieve good future of the management and you E.g. during GMA reign they have vision to build need to support them. (You must be open to the infrastructure to get a vision or need in the future changes sometimes there’s a conference to support the changes) Helping the associates also to focus on the same. Mentoring Manager recognize the talent of the employee & Implementation of the vision groom him for the up coming responsibilities. A nurse manager breaks down the mission into Managers with great visionary leadership specific & attainable goals. motivate & mentor their associates. Managers contribute to the professional - Put the vision and mission into practice development of their employees by conducting performance appraisals, encouraging personal Manager helps the associates to recognize how growth, & increase productivity. the work done by them influences the mission of the organization. Information collection New trends that might be needful to be - Mission reflects not only to the associates implemented in future are gathered by the but also to the manager. Affects the people manager. inside and outside of the organization. Maintain an open door policy with their employees to keep updated knowledge with Issues Facilitation of changes that might be causing dissatisfaction & discomfort Dynamic organizations are always changing & the among associates. mangers help to bring changes through their role of change agents. They bring changes according to the specific situational needs or an up gradation in facilities. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 6  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Evaluation of information Notes: It must be necessary you must pick 1 only Received information must be evaluated in order or if you want 2 but it is heavy you must decide the to determine who should receive the information & best decision when it comes to the decision making mode of communication. process. Relevancy of the information to be passed on must be checked by the manager. Relationship development Data necessary to be shared with assoc must only A healthy environment is necessary in an be shared. organizations. A manager helps in construction of desired Notes: according to sir paricakes. From other climate that must prevail in an organization. management if you will post a schedule it must be Manager's healthy interpersonal relationship check or review first by the manager. with his subordinates & superior, brings him ease with getting tasks done by his subordinates & get Right of privacy you must evaluate first before you directed by his superiors. disclose information to subordinates. Note: They know when to support their Communication subordinates if needed. Own ego should not be Precision of time, place & person is must when prioritized. the process of communication runs. Use of appropriate method of communication, E.g. Managers eating beside the trainees/staff be it face to face or in written form or be it through showing support to subordinates. electronic technical mode. Control work environment Notes: Discipline in meetings is important. Manager must provide a nourishing & positive environment to his associates. E.g. Pocketbell (Beeper?), Face to face meeting, Work place with more supportive & collaborative Therapeutic Communication environment brings promotional vibe & satisfaction to the employees. Decision making Negative environment brings down an Decision making at all levels is necessary for a organization. manager. Matters with little concern or with grave impact Notes: Dapat yung mga pinagtatrabahuhan ng must be dealt with fine precision by a manager. mga subordinates mo malinis. E.g. clean environment. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 7  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Continuous education of self via Continuous Nursing Educations, reading, Journal Club Presentation, seminars. Notes: kapag napunta kayo sa mga gov. Hospitals have case presentations to support other activities as a nurse. (CONTINUES EDUCATION, It has certifications) 2. Communication skills A manager has to interact with vivid varieties of hurses, ward attendants, patents, fanilles, Social workers, & etc. Notes: In conventions, take note of people you sit 10 Roles of Nurse Manager 10 Roles of Nurse Manager with. Create connections/linkages as it might be useful in the future as a nurse manager. 5 Qualities of a Nurse Manager Eg: Potential Speakers for events. 1. Clinical expertise A manager must possess the clinical expertise as Therefore it is vital for a manager to establish the subordinates look onto him in case of an effective rapport with his associates. under-confident situation. Notes: you need to interact with people as a good Notes: Skills on how to solve the case. E.g. leader, you are good communicator and you must Managing overdose patient. be passive. Subordinates expect clinical expertise & advices This brings enhancement in productivity, when the problem arises to them. efficiency, clear communication of problems being Notes: Expect clinical expertise and advices you faced, and development of problem solving must open to advices techniques. Manager must know all the correct procedures & Get riddance of the language barrier wherever techniques in order to make his subordinates to necessary. follow them with same precision. Notes: you must talk or approachable to your Notes: If staff nurses are insufficient, head nurses subordinate to know their problems to prevent may support through attending duty as staff miscommunications nurse. E.g. Language barrier, culture K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 8  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Thus it is very essential for a manager to educate Flexibility & supervise the activities of the subordinates. A manager must change or adjust according to the situation arrive. Note: you must be adaptive and you must use all To bring out the effective results from the hitech machineries or necessities that the hospitals subordinates manager must resolve conflicts, have negotiate skills to enhance the all together collaboration of all the employees of the New necessities, technologies, aids must be organization. accepted by a manger gracefully. Note: Accept gracefully to have a smooth Other skills transition towards development. Provide safety, quality care to the patients. Rigidity to one specific thought regarding Patient satisfaction & good grasp of customer specific situation may cause inability to explore service is another concern of a manger. vivid picture of better future results. Notes: Note: yung tipong pinapahirapan mo sila you must stay focused on the plan Must be able to deal into financials aspects of the Also the manager must know when to be firm organization. wherever necessary. Must build strong communication network with all Managing people sections of the organization in order to facilitate People are the prime strength of a manager. the working of the organizational works. Note: It is the responsibility of of the manager to motivate their employees. A manager must be innovative, self-directed & a champion multitasked. A manager makes the people under him to do the Note: Multi-skilled allowing better task efficiency job that ultimately fulfills the goals of the (Like mothers) organization. Note: heads in business sometimes their child will take over because they are trained to managed the company K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 9  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Notes: Precise of nature of responsibilities or plans TOPIC OVERVIEW It leads to the realization for the needs of a E. Nurse manager roles and responsibilities precise, nature of our responsibility and the a. Subtopic 1 effectiveness of our plans and resources b. Subtopic 2 F. MAIN TOPIC TITLE 2 a. Subtopic 1 Establishment of professional training centers. b. Subtopic 2 Notes: the best is to provent wasting of resources Planning and using of training centers Ir provides effective use of resources inhospital or community setting Deciding in advance (what, who, when, where and how) about something is to be done. Notes: Predetermined course of action. Planning is always focused on vision and a precise scope of nature. BE IN ADVANCE! PLANNING IS PART AND PARCEL OF LIFE Planning Notes: A continuous process, Is a course of action in or to desire or result beginning with the setting of goals and objectives Planning is a continuous process and then (Short and Long term) laying out a plan of action to accomplish them, Introduction Notes: " put them into play, Planning is necessary in Health care system review the process and the outcomes, because it is in stage of restructuring: Notes: " provide feedback to personnel and modify as needed. Patient empowerment The process of coping with uncertainty by Efficient and effective use of sources (MMMTT). formulating courses of action to achieve specified Notes: result will be patient satisfaction results. Emphasis on health promotion and prevention. The determination of what is to be accomplished. (Bernard and walsh) K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 10  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 It should seek to achieve a consistent or To increase the chance of success coordinated structure. It should be focused on the 2. Best use of resources- Cost effective end results Notes: Resolve the chaos Notes: Cost effective means dapat planado, effort and risk when it comes to planning 3. To forces analytical thinking and improves decisions Notes: By setting different goals 4. To orients people to action Notes: by directing nursing behavior and giving each decision and different set of purpose Notes: Planning is at the edge 5. To avoid crisis in nursing management A Plan A specific documented intention consisting of an 6. To increases employee involvement and improves objective and an action statement. communication Notes: Open communication with your Written document, which serves as a blue print as subordinates. You include them in your planning. a for the future action. Area of Planning in Nursing Notes: a blueprint is a guide in planning Budgets and fundraising Recruitment, rotation and staffing Workshop/ conference/CNE organizing planning Planning in nursing management Notes: seminars teaches planning A basic function of nursing management. Examination This plan of action must have unity, continuity, Day to day patient care planning flexibility and precision.. (Fayol) Community services planning Curriculum planning, students rotation Note: It enhances the effectiveness of the plan in Planning for establishment of hospital nursing nursing personnel services /SON/ CON Purpose for planning in nursing K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 11  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 provides the leaders with means of control, Planning Modes dynamic Reactive planning - Done in response to crisis, no integration in Note: Adaptation is a change in line with the whole organization. change of the environment. Can lead to hasty decisions and mistakes. You must focus on the resources kung paano Notes: Problem is it is due to the crisis it is prone gumagana o ginagamit. to mistakes. So when we do a plan wag pabigla Dynamic is a change (pa iba-iba) bigla. Types of Planning Strategic planning: determining how to pursue Inactivism - long-term goals with available resources. Spend a great energy to prevent change and conformity. Notes: Allocating needs and resources is part of When changes occur, slowly and strategic planning. incrementally. Intermediate/functional planning: determining Note: Closure of multiple nursing areas to save subunits' contribution with allocated resources. resources. Change is introduced slowly. Notes: kanya kanya own role we have own function Preactivism - E.g. one is in nursing service or other- sub units Use technology to accelerate change and future oriented. Operational planning: determining how to Unsatisfied with past & present, do not accomplish specific tasks with available resources. value experience Notes: If resources are not available, coordinate Note: the plan will materialized it is already good with other hospitals or doctors to meet current but you can develop more to improve to make it needs. “Future oriented”. Interactive or proactive planning- Present, past and future is considered, key element is adaptation minimize risk and uncertainty, encourage the best use of resources. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 12  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Strategic planning Value statements make employees feel "An ongoing, future-oriented, values-based proud and managers feel committed process that empowers an organization and its Values bond people and set behavioral members to identify action strategically necessary standards to accomplish its mission in an ever-changing and diverse environment. (Safrit, 1998). Philosophy Notes: Strategic planning is for long term. The philosophy flows from the mission statement and delineates the set of values and beliefs that guides all actions of the organization It is the basic foundation that directs all further planning toward achievement of mission. Philosophy which cannot be implemented is useless Mission or purpose EXAMPLES It describes the purpose for which that We believe that our hospital is dedicated to organization exists excellence in the fields of patient care, 1% step in strategic planning process teaching and research and It moves, guides and delivers the organization to We are dedicated to providing most its perceived goal and provide vision effective and efficient patient care" Notes: Mission to objectives are only “guide” why Policies to rules “must be implemented” Goals Goals setting is the process of developing, Vision negotiating and formalizing the objectives It is an image of the future the organization that an employee is responsible seeks to create accomplishment. Help nurse administrator to focus attention Values on what is relevant and important. These are concepts of perceived worth or Help to develop strategies and action to importance achieve the goals. Eg. creativity, honesty, courtesy, caring Notes: to meet your standards or desires because These are morale rationale for that you have a goal to your organizations business/work. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 13  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Objectives Concrete and specific statements of the Action Strategies goals that nurse managers seek to Specific work plans leading the accomplish. organization toward positive and desired They are action commitments through future which the key elements of the mission will be achieved and the philosophy sustained. Stakeholders Objectives are usually "milestones" along A person who is involved in particular the way when implementing the strategies. organization/project. Because he has invested money. Procedures Current users of the organization These are plans that have been reduced to Potential users of the organization a sequence of steps of required action People affected by the work of the They identify steps needed to implement a organization policy Generally found in manuals at unit level Resources and Budgets They establish an acceptable way of Resources include the man, materials, accomplishing a task with rationales for technologies, money, etc., required to each activities implement the strategies or processes. The costs of these resources are often Tasks depicted in the form of a budget. Particularly in small organizations, people are assigned various tasks required to Responsibilities for Planning implement the plan. 1. Planning Staff- gather information, coordinate If the scope of the plan is very small, tasks planning activities, and take a broader view than and activities are often essentially the individual managers. same. 2. Planning Task Force- Created when the organization wants a special circumstance Rules and Regulation addressed. These are plans that define specific action 3. Board of Directors- Establishes corporate or non action mission and strategy. They describe situations that allow only one 4. President & CEO- Compietes and implements choice of action strategy. Least flexible, so there should be few rules 5. Executive Committee- Top executives that meet in the organization. regularly for input and review. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 14  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Line Managers- Help to formulate strategy by 1. Mission providing information. Responsible for executing During planning, planners have in mind plans. (consciously or unconsciously) some overall purpose or result that the plan is to achieve. Barriers to planning in nursing For example, during strategic planning, it's Lack of knowledge regarding philosophy, critical to reference the mission, or overall goals. purpose, of the organization. Lack of skill about how to plan Focus on day to day operations rather than 2. Data collection and analysis short term and long term plans About health care industry and nursing Consistent use of reactive rather than An environmental scan proactive planning Considering various internal or external Lack of understanding about the external forces that might effect the organization. environment's impact on planning Inadequate intra organizational support Assessment of external Assessment of internal Inappropriate use of plans environment environment Markets Patient care No Time Competition Financial resources Staff resistance to change. Health care trends Human resources Economic factors Information system Board members or stakeholders Technology Research and Planning is non-productive use of time Social factors development Educational factors capabilities Previous bad planning experience Educational system Poor management Plans used to control rather than inspire or 3. Assess strength and weakness. lead. During strategic planning, planners often conduct a "SWOT analysis". Define the current position and strength of the unit SWOT Profile of a nursing organization Strengths Opportunities 1. 1. 2. 2. Weaknesses Threats K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 15  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Operational plan 1. 1. 2. 2. These are everyday working management plans developed from both long range 4. Goals and objectives objectives and the strategic planning Based on the analysis and alignment to the process and short range or tactical plans overall mission of the system, planners It is the written blueprint for achieving establish a set of goals that build on objectives strengths to take advantage of It specifies the activities and procedures opportunities, while binding up weaknesses that will be used and warding off threats. Sets timetables for achieving objectives Goals are broken to objectives to be It tells who is responsible for what activity accomplished in next 1-5 years or procedure It specifies the records to be kept and 5. Establish strategies to reach goals policies needed The particular strategies (or methods to reach the goals) chosen depend on matters Operational Plan of affordability, practicality and efficiency. Objective ACTION TARGET DATE ACCOMPLISHMENTS 6. Timetable Attach responsibilities and time lines with Functional plan each objective Nursing planning performed at a service or Responsibilities are assigned for departmental level implementation of the plan, and for It relates to a specialty service within a achieving various goals and objectives. nursing division Deadlines are set for meeting each responsibility. Phases in Planningci 7. Write and Communicate a Plan Document 8. Implementation Operational and functional plans Put plan to work The information is organized and written in 9. Evaluation a document which is distributed around the Formative and summative evaluation system. Feedback is provided to modify and update Plan includes detailed action, policies, the plan practices, communication and feedback, controlling and evaluation plans, budgets and persons to be held accountable K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 16  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Guidelines for Successful Organizational ORGANIZING Planning The movement within organization should be directed at specified goals and ORGANIZING objectives Organization consists of the structure and Plan must be flexible process which allow the agency to enact its Involve people that could be affected by philosophy and utilize its conceptual the course of action Plan should be simple, specific and realistic framework to achieve its goals. Know when to plan and when not to plan Also refers to a body of persons, methods, Must be written and communicated widely policies and procedures arranged in a Goals and objectives should be SMARTER systematic process through the delegation Build in accountability (Regularly Review of functions and responsibilities for the Who's accomplishment of purpose. Doing What and By When?) Elements of Organizing Note deviations from the plan and re-plan Setting up the organizational structure refers accordingly to the process to which an organization / Evaluate the plan and planning process group is formed, its channels of authority, span of control and lines of communication. Summary Purposes Planning is primary and essential element Informs members of their responsibilities so of management. that they may carry them out. Strategic planning sets objectives for 1-10 Allows the manager and the individual years. workers to concentrate on his / specific role Intermediate planning is short range and responsibilities. planning. Coordinates all organization activities so Operational planning is daily, weekly and monthly planning and provide data for there is minimal duplication of effort or strategic and tactical planning to keep in conflict. motion, Reduces the chances of doubt and confusion concerning assignments. Avoids overlapping of function because it pinpoints responsibilities. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 17  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Shows to whom and for whom they are Authority – right to act or make decisions without responsible. approval of higher administration. Types of organization classified by Nature of Authority. Line and Staff Relationships Line authority is the Line organization simplest and most direct simplest and most direct type in which each type of organization in which each position position has general authority over the lower has general authority over the lower position positions in the hierarchy in the accomplishment of in the hierarchy. ex. Clinical and main operations of the organization. Staff personnel Administration provides advice, counsel or technical support that Informal Organization may be accepted, altered or rejected by the line refers to horizontal relationships rather than officer. vertical composed of small groups of workers with similar interests. Accountability - taking full responsibility for the Staff Organization quality of work and behavior while engaged in the purely advisory to the line structure with no practice of the profession. authority to put recommendations in action. Ex. Training and Research Responsibility – the obligation to perform the Functional Organization assigned task. one where each unit is responsible for the given part of the organization’s workload. Power – ability to influence another to behave in there is a clear delineation of roles and accordance with one’s wishes. responsibilities which are actually interrelated. Ex. All Standing and Ad Hoc Status – rank a group bestows on a person in Committees accord with the group’s estimation of the person’s Five Major Characteristics of an Organizational value and significance to group goals. Chart 1. Division of Work Communication - the transmission of information 2. Chain of Command between persons. 3. Type of Work 4. Grouping of Work Segments Organizing Principles 5. Levels of Management Unity of Command Definition of Terms Scalar Principle or Hierarchy K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 18  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Homogenous assignment or Administrative policies such as rotation, weekends departmentation and holiday-off- duties. Span of Control Standards of care desired which should be Exception Principle available and clearly spelled out. Decentralization or Proper Delegation of Layout of the various nursing units and Authority resources available within the department such as adequate equipment, supplies, and Kinds of Organization Structure materials. Traditional Hierarchical Structure Budget including the amount allotted to Organization Structure for Devolved salaries, fringe benefits, supplies, materials Hospitals and equipment. Staffing Professional activities and priorities in non-patient Process of determining and providing the activities like involvement in professional acceptable number and mix of nursing organizations, formal educational development, personnel to produce a desired level of care participation in research and staff development. to meet the patient's demand. Teaching program or the extent of staff involvement in teaching activities. Factors Affecting Staffing Expected hours of work per annum of each The type, philosophy, and objectives of the employee. This is influenced by the 40 =hour hospital and the nursing service. week law; and The population served and the kind of Patterns of work schedule – traditional 5 patient served, whether pay or charity. days per week, 8 hours per day; 4 days a The number of patients and severity of their week, ten hours per day and three days off; illness – knowledge and ability of nursing or 3 ½ days of 12 hours per day and 3 ½ personnel are matched with the actual days-off per week. needs of patients. Availability and characteristics of the PATIENT CARE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM nursing staff, including education, level of A method of grouping patients according to preparation, mix of personnel, number and the amount of complexity of their nursing positions. care requirements and the nursing time and skill they require. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 19  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Requirements The number of categories into which the patients should be divided. The characteristics of patients in each category. The type and number of care procedures that will be needed by a typical patient in Computing for the number of Nursing Personnel each category. Needed The time needed to perform these Consider sufficient staff to cover all shifts, procedures that will be required by a typical off-duties, holidays, leaves, absences and patient in each category. time for staff development programs. R.A. 5901 – Forty-Hour Week Law Classification Categories Level I Relievers Needed Self Care or Minimal Care Average amt of NCH/pt/day = 1.5 Ratio of Distribution by Shifts Prof to NonProf = 55:45 45% AM shift, 37 % PM and 18 % night Level II Moderate Care or Intermediate Care Staffing Formula Average NCH/pt/day = 3 Categorize the patients according to the Ratio or Prof to NonProf = 60:$0 level of care needed. Multiply the total Level III number of patients by the percentage of Total, Complete or Intensive Care patients at each level of care. Average NCH/pt/day = 6 Find the total number of nursing care hours Ratio of Prof to NonProf = 65:35 needed by patients at each category level. Level IV Find the number of patients at each level by Highly Specialized Critical Care the average number of nursing care hours Average NCH/pt/day = 6-9 hours needed per day. Ratio of Prof to NonProf = 70:30 or 80:30 Get the sum of the nursing care hours needed at the various levels Percentage of Nursing Care Hours Find the actual number of nursing care hours needed by the given number of patients. Multiply the total nursing care K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 20  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 hours needed per day by the total number of Maximizes productivity days in a year. Organizational goals have better chances of Find the actual number of working hours being met. rendered by each nursing personnel per year. Multiply the number of hours on duty Results of Inappropriate placement per day by the actual working days per year. Frustration Find the total number of nursing personnel Poor quality of work needed. Reduced organizational efficiency a. Divide the total number of nursing Rapid turn-over care needed per year by the actual Poor image of the agency number of working hours rendered by an employee per year. Factors to consider b. Find the number of relievers. Inherent in the employee Multiply the number of nursing Past experience and training personnel needed by 0.15 (for those Culture of the clientele working 40 hours per week) or by Decision-making skills 0.12 (for hose working 48 hours per Communication skills week) c. Add the number of relievers to the Advantages of proper placement number of nursing personnel Adapt faster needed. Feet are lighter Categorize the nursing personnel into A lot happier professionals and non- professionals. Felt confident when supervised Multiply the number of nursing personnel according to the ratio of professionals to Scheduling non- professionals. A timetable showing planned work days Distribute by shift. and shifts for nursing personnel. Placement Factors considered in Making Schedules Advantages Different levels of the nursing staff. Fosters personal growth Adequate coverage for 24 hours, seven days Provides motivating climate for the a week. employee Staggered vacations and holidays. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 21  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Weekends and long stretches of Qualification requirements consecutive working days. Job relationships Evening and night shifts. Specific and actual functions and activities Floating. Uses of Job Description For recruitment and selection of qualified Assessing a scheduling system applicants Ability to cover the needs of the unit. To orient new employees to their jobs Quality to enhance the nursing personnel’s For job placement, transfer or dismissal knowledge, training and experience. As an aid in evaluating the performance of Fairness to the staff an employee Stability For budgetary purposes Flexibility For determining departmental functions and relationships to help define the Types of Scheduling organizational structure Centralized Schedule For classifying levels of nursing functions Decentralized Schedule according to skill levels required Cyclical Schedule To identify training needs. As basis for staffing and Advantages of Cyclical Schedule To serve as channel of communication. It is fair to all It saves time Enables the employee to plan ahead for their personal needs Scheduled leave are more stable Productivity is improved. Rotating Work Shifts Common in most hospitals. Developing Job descriptions Contents Identifying data Job summary K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 22  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Definitions of Directing Directing Directing Related to the Directing Functions is known as the act of issuing orders, Elements of Directing 1. Delegation assignments, and instructions to accomplish 1.1. Principles of Delegation the organization's goals and objectives. It 1.2. Reasons for Delegation involves the process of getting the 1.3. Management by Objectives organization's work done. It entails explaining 1.4. Effective Delegation 1.5. Nursing Care Assignment what it is to be done, to and by whom, at what 1.6. Utilization of Policies and Procedures time, how and why the task should be done. is a function of management often performed 2. Supervision of Personnel (Principles and by top level management in order to achieve Techniques) organizational goals. It is a very important and necessary function of management. 3. Motivation Directing consists of the processes and 3.1. Theories of Motivation (Content and techniques utilized in issuing instructions and Process Theories) making certain that operations are carried as 3.2. Use of Motivation Theories to Nugsing originally planned. Administration Directing involves determining the course, 4. Coordination of Services giving order and instruction and providing 5. Communication dynamic leadership. (Marshall) 5.1. Principles of Effective Communication 5.2. Lines of Communications 6. Staff Development Activities Related to the Directing 7. Decision-making telling people what is to be done and 8. Benchmarking (Standards of Evaluating the explaining how to do it Directing Function) issuing instructions and orders to subordinates inspiring them to contribute towards the 9. Conflict Management achievement of objectives 9.1. Characteristics of Conflict supervising their activities 9.2. Assessing Conflict providing leadership and motivation 9.3. Sources/Causes and Types of Conflict - Who 9.4. Conflict Management - What to Consider - What 9.5. Techniques/Skills for Managing Conflicts - Why - Where - When K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 23  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING 2. To help the nurse manager learn how to Delegation properly and effectively manage and develop the act of assigning to someone else a portion employees of the work to be done with corresponding 3. To keep the nurse manager from 'spreading authority, responsibility and accountability him/herself too thin'. -a skill to be learned and mastered beginning 4. Delegation encourages open communication with learning what cannot be delegated and and trust. what will be delegated to whom 5. It can show the nurse manager a better way of handling people and resources. History The next day Moses took his seat to serve as For the subordinates judge for the people, and they stood around 6. Delegation motivates and builds morale. him from morning till evening. When his 7. Delegation encourages and stimulates creativity and father-in-law saw all that Moses was doing for initiative. the people, he said, "What is this you are 8. Delegation helps develop the skills of subordinates doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as 9. Delegation allows the subordinates to contribute judge, while all these people stand around you significantly to team success. from morning till evening?” 10. Delegation benefits the team, the department the Moses answered him, "Because the people organization. come to me to seek God's will. Whenever they have a dispute, it is brought to me, and I Principles of delegation decide between the parties and inform them of Suggests that: God's decrees and instructions." every nurse manager before delegating the "The thing that you do is not good. Both you powers to the subordinate should be able to and these people who are with you will surely clearly define the goals as well as results wear yourselves out. For this thing is too much expected from them for you; you are not able to perform it by goals and targets should be completely and yourself" (Exodus 18:17, 18) clearly defined and the standards of History “If you do this thing, and God so performance should also be notified clearly commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all this people will also go to their Principle of Parity of Authority and place in peace.” Responsibility the nurse manager should keep a balance Reasons for Delegation between authority and responsibility For the nurse manager both of them should go hand in hand 1. To free up time for planning and organizing. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 24  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Principle of Authority Level Principle of Authority level -suggests that a - if a subordinate is given a responsibility to nurse manager should exercise his authority within the jurisdiction / framework given -before a nurse perform a task, at the same time he should be manager takes any important decision, he should given enough independence and power to make sure that he has the authority to do so carry out that task effectively. -emphasizes the degree of authority and the level - suggests that a nurse manager should up to which it has to be maintained exercise his authority within the jurisdiction authority within the jurisdiction / framework Delegation: Additional Information given - before a nurse manager takes any important What cannot be delegated? Overall ARA decision, he should make sure that he has the Final evaluation of staff performance authority to do so Correcting and disciplining staff - emphasizes the degree of authority and the Activities which the nurse to whom the task level up to which it has to be maintained is delegated does not want to do because it is unpleasant Delegated tasks must be based on Policies Job Description Capabilities of Workers Why Managers do not want to delegate? Mistakes in delegation can be costly. Failure to delegate wisely increases management costs and contributes to personnel dissatisfaction. Fear on the part of the director, of her own ability to delegate. Fear of losing control of the staff. Fear of failing to get others do the work. Fear of criticism. Principle of absolute responsibility -responsibility is fixed; authority can be delegated but Common Delegation Errors Underdelegating responsibility cannot manager’s false assumption: delegation -the nurse manager is always responsible to his may be interpreted as the lack of ability on superior for carrying out his task by delegating the his or her part to do the job correctly or completely powers nurse manager manifests his desire to do -every nurse manager is the job by himself due to fear that responsible for the act of his/her subordinate and is subordinates will resent the work delegated also accountable to his/her superior. to them occurs when the nurse manager lacks experience in the job K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 25  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Just like their nurse managers, nursing staff Overdelegating should know for what they will be held unnecessarily burdens the subordinates with accountable. tasks that are either inconsequential or spells out the results expected of the clinical irrelevant to the delivery of the goal; culprit nursing unit itself and in relation to other is usually poor management of time and units insecurity on the part of the nurse manager emphasizes teamwork and team results in her inability to perform tasks Common includes short and long-term objectives as Delegation Errors well as tangible and intangible objectives allows people to control their own Improper delegating performance and measure themselves delegation of tasks and responsibilities nurse managers will assume that clinical beyond which the person cannot perform nurses want to be responsible, want to properly Common Delegation Errors contribute, want to achieve, and have the strength and desire to do so. Management by Objectives Works if you first think through your objectives. Ninety percent of the time you Planning Phase Performance Feedback haven’t. (Drucker) Review Phase Phase A process whereby the superior and subordinate managers of an organization Identify and Continue to Review overall jointly identify its common goals, define define key participate in organizational each individual’s major areas of organizational periodic and goals (nurse management responsibility in terms of the results departmental manager) conferences. expected of him and use these measures as (nurse goals for the guides for operating the unit and assessing Identify and manager and next planning the contribution of each of its members. define key subordinates) period, such (George Odiorne) departmental as the next MBO is a system for making organizational goals that Adjust and fiscal year. structures work, of bringing about vitality stem from refine (nurse overall goals objectives and personal involvement in the hierarchy manager) (nurse based on by means of statements of what is expected manager) feedback, new from everyone involved and measurement constraints, of what is actually achieved. It stresses Identify and and new ability and achievement rather than define inputs. (nurse personality. (Odiorne) performance manager and measures or subordinates) operational goals for Eliminate employees inappropriate allows the individual nurse to contribute to the (nurse goals. (nurse common goal of the enterprise manager) manager and nurse managers focus on the business subordinates) goals Formulate and propose goals Readjust MBO promotes high standards, focusing on for a specific timetable as the job and not on the manager job needed. Nurse managers know what to expect of (subordinate) (nurse employees manager and K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 26  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Participate in subordinates) NURSING CARE ASSIGNMENT management Nursing Care Assignment is the allocation conferences Maintain of clients or client care responsibilities or (nurse ongoing interventions that are within the nurse’s manager and comparison of subordinates) proposed scope of practice and/or scope of time-table and employment. It describes the distribution of Achieve joint actual work that each staff member is to agreement on performance accomplish (NCSBN, 2005) individual through use of It is a dynamic process in which decisions objectives and control are evaluated and adjusted as the individual monitoring healthcare team works together to meet the performance devices, such (nurse as visible changing needs of clients. manager and control charts. subordinates) (nurse Nurses determine assignments according to: manager and Set-up subordinates) the client’s condition (complexity, timetable for variability and acuity) periodic meetings for the scope of practice of the health provider’s performance profession review. (nurse the individual scope/competence of the manager and individual performing the intervention subordinates) the scope of employment/agency policy context of practice Effective Delegation When client care or a client intervention is assigned to an RN or LPN, they may Effective ways of delegation for nurse perform the assignment autonomously as managers they are accountable for their own decisions Train and develop subordinates. and actions. Plan ahead. When client care or a client intervention is Control and coordinate the work of assigned to a UCP, the UCP is accountable subordinates but do not peer over their to implement the assigned care or task shoulders. safely and competently within their scope of Follow-up by visiting subordinates practice/employment. frequently. Coordinate to prevent duplication of effort. Types of Nursing Care Assignment Solve problems and think about new ideas. Accept delegation as desirable. A nurse determines the most appropriate Specify goals and objectives. care provider to be ‘assigned’ to a particular Know subordinates capabilities and match client and is accountable for that decision. the task or duty to the employee. When clients are ‘assigned’ to a particular Agree on performance standards. nurse or unregulated care provider, the Take an interest in employees. accountability for the client care resides with Assess results. the individual assigned to the client. Give appropriate rewards. A nurse determines the most appropriate Do not take back delegated tasks. care provider to ‘be assigned’ to perform a specific intervention for one or more client(s). K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 27  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 Nursing care assignment to unregulated care Delegation must occur within the framework providers of the job description of the delegate, Assignment is appropriate when the organizational policies and organizational assigned task falls within the UCP role procedures. description and training. The nurse manager is responsible and accountable for As per R.A. 9173 (Nursing Act of 2002) Liabilities developing job/role descriptions that clearly of nurses for the work of nursing aides outline the tasks that can be assigned to a Nurses should not delegate their functions UCP in an organization. UCPs may be to nursing aides since the Philippine nursing assigned clients in collaboration with an RN act specifies the scope of nursing practice of or LPN or assigned specific interventions for professional nurses. one or more clients. Nurses are enjoined to supervise their Prior to assigning a client or an intervention, subordinates and see to it that they perform consideration should be given to the only those which they been taught to do and individual competencies of the UCP. those which they are capable of doing. If the task is within the role description but Nursing aides are responsible for their the UCP has not yet performed the task, the actions. Nurses should not delegate their nurse manager would need to consider the functions to nursing aides. Nursing aides appropriateness of the assignment. perform selected nursing activities under the The UCP may have had past training in direct supervision of nurses. tasks but if the task is not included in the UCP role description, the task could not be Liability for the work of nursing students assigned to the UCP. Regardless of the assignment, the nurse Nursing students should not perform assigning the task to the UCP is always professional nursing duties. In order for the responsible and accountable for providing errors committed by nursing students to be appropriate supervision and feedback to the avoided or minimized, they should always UCP. be under supervision of their clinical instructors. Utilization of Policies and Procedures Policies They should be given assignments that are and Procedures their level of training experience and Licensed nurses (Registered competency. Nurse/Licensed Practical Nurse) within the They should be advised to seek guidance if scope of their practice are responsible for all they are performing a procedure for the first nursing care that a patient receives under time. their direction. Determining the nursing They should be oriented to the policies needs of a patient, the plan of nursing where they are assigned actions, implementation of the plan, and Their performance should be assessed evaluation of the plan are essential frequently to determine their strength and components of nursing practice. Unlicensed weaknesses. personnel may be used to complement the Five Rights of Delegation licensed nurse in the performance of nursing functions, but such personnel cannot be 1. Right Task. One that is delegable for a used as a substitute for the licensed nurse. specific patient. Delegation by Registered Nurses and 2. Right Circumstances. Appropriate patient Licensed Practical Nurses must fall within setting, available resources, and other their respective scope of practice. relevant factors considered. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 28  LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 3. Right Person. Right person is delegating the right task to the right person to be performed on the right person. 4. Right Direction/Communication. Clear, concise description of the task, including its objective, limits and expectations. 5. Right Supervision. Appropriate monitoring, evaluation, intervention, as needed, and feedback. K.M., D.B., G.O., R.D., C.L., RN 2025!!! 29 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NCM 0119|| SIR ARISTOTLE PARICO R.N. M.N.|| S.Y 2024-2025 WHY TAKE NOTES? ★ Helps you actively engage with and remember information. COLOR PALETTE HOW TO EDIT THE TEMPLATE? ★ Click on File in the top-left corner of the screen. ★ In the drop-down menu, choose “Make a copy.” IMPORTANT NOTE! ★ This file is meant for personal use only. Any redistribution, resale, or unauthorized sharing is not allowed. We appreciate your cooperation! Please do not replicate my template for your own product sales. MESSAGE FROM YANNA! ★ This template was originally made by