Tranquilizers PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by ReadablePalmTree
Georgian College
Tags
Summary
This document provides information on tranquilizers, focusing on their use in veterinary medicine. It covers various types, including their effects and potential side effects. Importantly, it highlights the fact that these drugs are not used in the same manner in human medicine, so it's critical to note the context of the document.
Full Transcript
Tranquilizers General - Anti-anxiety medications - Do not cause sedation but rather patients are aware of their surroundings and are calmed down with a lower FAS score - They do not provide any adequate analgesia - Typically affect Dopamine receptors - Typically affect Alpha-1 re...
Tranquilizers General - Anti-anxiety medications - Do not cause sedation but rather patients are aware of their surroundings and are calmed down with a lower FAS score - They do not provide any adequate analgesia - Typically affect Dopamine receptors - Typically affect Alpha-1 receptors Phenothiazine derivatives Acepromazine - Effect on dopamine, alpha 1, muscarinic and histamine receptors. Blockers - Can be given IM, SQ, IV, PO - Causes mild sedation - Non-reversible - Do not use in MDR1 gene dogs - Can cause nictitating membrane prolapse, this is normal - Advantages - Prevents histamine release so it is an anti-emetic - Can be used to treat opioid dysphoria - Disadvantages - Idiosyncratic reaction: aggression and hyperactivity - Penile prolapse in stallions - Contraindications - Blood loss - Dehydration - Shock Trazadone - Oral medication - Serotonin antagonist - Anti-anxiety with mild sedation - Wide therapeutic index - Can not be used with certain drugs - Ex tramadol Benzodiazepine derivatives General - Enhances GABA activity - Causes muscle relaxation - Minimal respiratory and cardiovascular effects Diazepam (valium) - Gaba receptor antagonisr - Can be given DEEP Im, IV and rectal - Is reversible via flumazenil - Can elicit paradoxical excitation - Can also be used as an anti-convulsant - Advantages - Appetite stimulate - Minimal CV/resp effects - Muscle relaxation - Disadvantages - No analgesia - Burns if given IM - Sensitive to light and plaast - Does not mix well with other drugs Midazolam - 3x as potent as diazepam - Less irritating to tissue Zolazepam (telazol - Used for exotics - Usually combined with tiletamine Lorazepam - Can be given orally Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists General - Decreases the release of norepinephrine - Opposes effects of the sympathetic nervous system - Profound sedation - Muscle relaxation - Not an analgesic but decreases the perceptibility of pain Dexmedetomidine - Reversable by atipamezole - Reflex bradycardia - Is a biphasic compound - Profound vasoconstriction that leads to hypertension - Heart will slow down to compensate and patient will become bradycardic - Advantages - Anesthetic sparing - Disadvantages - Ceiling effect - Arrythmias Others - Xylazine - Reversible by yohimbine - Detomidine - Reversable by tolazone - Medetomidine
