Transport Canada Flight Dispatchers Study Guide PDF

Transport Transports TP 12513E Canada Canada *TP12513E* (09/2002) Study and Reference Guide Flight Dispatchers Third Edit...

Transport Transports TP 12513E Canada Canada *TP12513E* (09/2002) Study and Reference Guide Flight Dispatchers Third Edition September 2002  You may reproduce this guide as required and it can be found at http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/general/fltcrew/study.htm GENERAL The conditions of issue of all flight crew licenses are stated in the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs). EXAMINATIONS The examinations are as follows: Examination Questions Time Limit Pass Mark Aviation Regulations and Air Traffic Procedures, Aeroplane Operations 80 3½ hours 70% and General Navigation, Radio aids and Flight Planning Examination Questions Time Limit Pass Mark Meteorology 100 3½ hours 70% Following the completion of generic examinations candidates must complete air operator specific training as approved by Transport Canada. KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Generic training consists of the common body of knowledge required by all flight dispatchers. In order for a flight dispatcher candidate to commence on-the-job training at the air operator of employment, he or she must have passed both Transport Canada's generic examinations, one of which will test the meteorology-related subjects and the other the remaining subjects in this publication. The proficiency levels used in this document are defined as follows: 1) Denotes a basic knowledge of the subject: § The learner will be involved in learning facts. Verbs such as list, recall, name etc. will be used to describe the student's performance. Example: list the conditions for the withdrawal of an Air Operator's Certification. 2) Denotes an understanding of the principle:  2 § The learner will be required to remember and explain principles. § Verbs such as explain, define, write etc. will be used to describe the students performance. Example: explain how a dispatcher uses the Air Almanac on the job. 3) Denotes knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply it practically: The learner will show an understanding of the principle by explaining the procedure used to apply it. Words such as list the steps, put in order, flow chart, will be used to describe the student’s performance. Example: explain the dispatcher procedures for handling an aircraft experiencing icing. 3) Denotes a thorough knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply it with speed and accuracy: The student will be able to apply procedures to a problem efficiently and accurately. Verbs such as select, distinguish, demonstrate, will be used to describe the student’s performance. Example: Given a variety of conditions select an appropriate route of flight for a defined aircraft. 5) Denotes extensive knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply procedures derived from it with judgment in light of the circumstances. Given a problem with a variety of different solutions the learner will select and apply the most efficient procedures to handle the problem. Verbs such as analyze, demonstrate, manipulate, assemble will be used to describe the student’s performance. Example: Given an observed weather condition on an aircraft’s performance the student will quickly and accurately amend the take off data for the aircraft. Sections with sidebars indicate new topic areas. NOTE: Times stated (time 8 – 10 hrs.) is a suggested minimum to maximum required forstudy and is for general guidance only  3.Table of Contents 3.10 Jet Streams SECTION 1. AIR LAW AND PROCEDURES (time 8:30-13:00) 3.11 Air Masses 3.12 Fronts 1.1-1.5 Canadian Aviation 3.13 Frontal Weather Requirements (CARs) 3.14 Aircraft Icing 1.6 NOTAM 3.15 Thunderstorms 1.7 A.I.P. CANADA 3.16 Surface Based Layers 1.8 Transportation Safety Board of 3.17 Meteorological Services Canada Available to Pilots 1.9 Air Traffic Services and 3.18 Aviation Weather Reports Procedures 3.19 Aviation Forecasts 1.10 Operations in High Level 3.20 Weather Maps and Prognostic Domestic Airspace Charts 1.11 Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications 4. INSTRUMENTS (CMNPS) Airspace (time 6:00 –12:00) 1.12 Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications 4.1 Flight Instruments - Principles (CMNPS) Certification and Operational Use 1.13 ATC Special Procedures 4.2 Flight Management Instruments 6.1 North Atlantic Operations 4.3 Engine Instruments - 6.2 RVSM Principles and Use 4.4 Aircraft Compass Systems 2. AIRFRAMES, ENGINES, PROPELLERS AND AIRCRAFT 5. NAVIGATION – GENERAL SYSTEMS (time 6:00 – 12:00) (time 14:00 – 24:00) 5.1 Navigation Terms 2.1 Airframes 5.2 Maps and Charts 2.2 Engines 5.3 Time Zones and Relation to 2.3 Propellers Longitude 2.4 Aircraft Systems 5.4 Flight Planning Calculations 5.5 Flight Plan Forms 3. METEOROLOGY 5.6 En Route Navigation (time 60:00-90:00) 6. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND 3.1 The Earth’s Atmosphere AIDS TO NAVIGATION - BASIC 3.2 Atmospheric Pressure PRINCIPLES AND USE 3.3 Meteorological Aspects of (time 8:00 16:00) Altimetry 3.4 Temperature 6.1 Radio 3.5 Moisture 6.2 Aircraft Radio Transceivers 3.6 Stability and Instability 6.3 Selective Call System 3.7 Clouds (SELCAL) 3.8 Turbulence 6.4 Emergency Locator 3.9 Wind Transmitter (ELT)  4 6.5 Radar 6.6 Navigation Systems 6.7 Approach Aids 6.8 Transponders 6.9 ACAS / TCAS 7. Flight Operations (time 8-12 hrs) 7.1 Atmospheric Effect on flight 7.2 Performance 7.3 Charts and Graphs 7.4 Critical surface contamination 7.5 Wake Turbulence 7.6 Flight Manual 7.7 Volcanic Ash 7.8 Airmanship/Rules of Thumb 8. Theory of Flight (time 4-10 hrs) 8.1 Forces Acting on an Airplane 8.1 Wing Design 9. Human factors (time 4-12 hrs) 9.1 Aviation Physiology 9.2 The Pilot and the Operating Environment 9.3 Aviation Psychology 9.4 Pilot- Equipment/Materials Relationship 9.5 Interpersonal Relations 9.6 Crew Resource Management (CRM, (DRM Dispatcher Resource Managment  5 Some Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) refer to their associated standards. Questions from the CARs may test knowledge from the regulation or the standard. S & RG SUBJECT CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATIONS (CARs) 1.1 PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1.1 101 - Definition.1 101.01 Definitions 1.1.2 103 - ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE.1 103.02 Inspection of Aircraft, Requests for Production of Documents and Prohibitions.2 103.03 Return of Canadian Aviation Documents.3 103.04 Record Keeping 1.2 PART III - AERODROMES AND AIRPORTS 1.2.1 300 - INTERPRETATION.1 300.01 Interpretation 1.2.2 301 - AERODROMES.1 301.01 Application.2 301.04 Markers and Markings.3 301.06 Wind Direction Indicator.4 301.07 Lighting.5 301.08 Prohibitions.6 301.09 Fire Prevention 1.2.3 302 - AIRPORTS.1 302.10 Prohibitions.2 302.11 Fire Prevention 1.4 PART VI - GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES 1.4.1 600 - INTERPRETATION.1 600.01 Interpretation  6 1.4.2 601 - AIRSPACE STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION AND USE.1 601.01 Airspace Structure.2 601.02 Airspace Classification.3 601.03 Transponder Airspace.4 601.04 IFR or VFR Flight in Class F Special Use Restricted Airspace or Class F Special Use Advisory Airspace.5 601.05 IFR Flight in Class A, B, C, D or E Airspace or Class F Special Use Restricted or Advisory Controlled Airspace.6 601.06 VFR Flight in Class A Airspace.7 601.07 VFR Flight in Class B Airspace.8 601.08 VFR Flight in Class C Airspace.9 601.09 VFR Flight in Class D Airspace.10 601.14 Interpretation.11 601.15 Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions.12 601.16 Issuance of NOTAM for Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions.13 601.17 Exceptions 1.4.3 602 - OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES GENERAL.1 602.01 Reckless or Negligent Operation of Aircraft.2 602.02 Fitness of Flight Crew Members.3 602.03 Alcohol or Drugs - Crew Members.4 602.04 Alcohol or Drugs - Passengers.5 602.06 Smoking.6 602.07 Aircraft Operating Limitations.7 602.08 Portable Electronic Devices.8 602.09 Fueling with Engines Running.9 602.10 Starting and Ground Running of Aircraft Engines.10 602.11 Aircraft Icing.11 602.12 Overflight of Built-up Areas or Open-Air Assemblies of Persons during Take-offs, Approaches and Landings.12 602.13 Take-offs, Approaches and Landings within Built-up Areas of Cities and Towns.13 602.14 Minimum Altitudes and Distances.14 602.15 Permissible Low Altitude Flight.15 602.17 Carriage of Persons during Low Altitude Flight.16 602.19 Right-of-Way - General.17 602.20 Right-of-Way - Aircraft Manoeuvering on Water.18 602.21 Avoidance of Collision.19 602.22 Towing  7.20 602.23 Dropping of Objects.21 602.24 Formation Flight.22 602.25 Entering or Leaving an Aircraft in Flight.23 602.26 Parachute Descents.24 602.27 Aerobatic Maneuvers - Prohibited Areas and Flight Conditions.25 602.28 Aerobatic Maneuvers with Passengers.26 602.30 Fuel Dumping.27 602.31 Compliance with Air Traffic Control Instructions and Clearances.28 602.32 Airspeed Limitations.29 602.33 Supersonic Flight.30 602.34 Cruising Altitudes and Cruising Flight Levels.31 602.35 Altimeter Setting and Operating Procedures in the Altimeter- Setting Region.32 602.36 Altimeter setting and Operating Procedures in the Standard Pressure Region.33 602.37 Altimeter setting and Operating Procedures in Transition between Regions.34 602.38 Flight over the High Seas.35 602.39 Transoceanic Flight.36 602.40 Landing at or Take-off from an Aerodrome at Night OPERATIONAL AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.37 602.58 Prohibition.38 602.59 Equipment Standards.39 602.60 Requirements for Power-driven Aircraft.40 602.61 Survival Equipment - Flights Over Land.41 602.62 Life Preservers and Flotation Devices.42 602.63 Life Rafts and Survival Equipment - Flights over Water FLIGHT PREPARATION, FLIGHT PLANS AND FLIGHT ITINERARIES.43 602.70 Interpretation.44 602.71 Pre-flight Information.45 602.72 Weather Information.46 602.73 Requirement to File a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary.47 602.74 Contents of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary.48 602.75 Filing of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary.49 602.76 Changes in the Flight Plan.50 602.77 Requirement to File an Arrival Report.51 602.78 Contents of an Arrival Report.52 602.79 Overdue Aircraft Report.53 602.86 Carry-on Baggage, Equipment and Cargo.54 602.87 Crew Member Instructions  8.55 602.88 Fuel Requirements.56 602.89 Passenger Briefings OPERATIONS AT OR IN THE VICINITY OF AN AERODROME.57 602.96 General.58 602.97 VFR and IFR Aircraft Operations at Uncontrolled Aerodromes within an MF Area.59 602.98 General MF Reporting Requirements.60 602.99 MF Reporting Procedures before Entering Maneuvering Area.61 602.100 MF Reporting Procedures on Departure.62 602.101 MF Reporting Procedures on Arrival.63 602.102 MF Reporting Procedures When Flying Continuous Circuits.64 602.103 Reporting Procedures When Flying Through an MF Area.65 602.104 Reporting Procedures for IFR Aircraft When Approaching or Landing at an Uncontrolled Aerodrome.66 602.105 Noise Operating Criteria.67 602.106 Noise-Restricted Runways VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.68 602.114 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace.69 602.115 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace.70 602.116 VFR Over-the-Top.71 602.117 Special VFR Flight INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.72 602.121 General Requirements.73 602.122 Alternate Aerodrome Requirements.74 602.123 Alternate Aerodrome Weather.75 602.124 Minimum Altitudes to Ensure Obstacle Clearance.76 602.125 Enroute IFR Position Reports.77 602.126 Take-off Minima.78 602.127 Instrument Approaches.79 602.128 Landing Minima.80 602.129 Approach Ban − General.81 602.130 Approach Ban − Cat III RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS.82 602.136 Continuous Listening Watch.83 602.137 Two-way Radio communication Failure in IFR Flight  9.84 602.138 Two-way Radio communication Failure in VFR Flight EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION AND SECURITY.85 602.143 Emergency Radio Frequency Capability.86 602.144 Interception Signals, Interception of Aircraft and Instructions to Land.87 602.145 ADIZ.88 602.146 ESCAT (SCATANA) Plan 1.4.4 604 - PRIVATE OPERATOR PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION GENERAL.1 604.01 Application FLIGHT OPERATIONS.2 604.10 Checklist.3 604.11 Operational Flight Data Sheet.4 604.12 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility - Uncontrolled Airspace.5 604.13 No Alternate Aerodrome - IFR Flight.6 604.14 Take-off Minima.7 604.15 Instrument Approach Procedures.8 604.16 Flight Attendant Requirement.9 604.17 Cabin Safety Procedures.10 604.18 Briefing of Passengers FLIGHT TIME AND FLIGHT DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST PERIODS.11 604.26 Flight Time Limitations.12 604.27 Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Periods.13 604.28 Split Flight Duty Time.14 604.29 Extension of Flight Duty Time.15 604.30 Unforeseen Operational Circumstances.16 604.31 Delayed Reporting Time.17 604.32 Requirements for Time Free from Duty.18 604.33 Flight Crew Positioning EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.19 604.38 Survival Equipment.20 604.39 First Aid Kits.21 604.40 Protective Breathing Equipment.22 604.41 Hand-held Fire Extinguishers  10 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS.23 604.65 Designation of Pilot-in-command and Second-in-command.24 604.66 Crew Member Qualifications.25 604.68 Validity Period.26 604.73 Training Program MANUALS.27 604.80 Requirements Relating to Operations Manual.28 604.81 Contents of Operations Manual.29 604.82 Distribution of Operations Manual.30 604.83 Aircraft Operating Manual.31 604.84 Standard Operating Procedures 1.4.5 605 - AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS GENERAL.1 605.03 Flight Authority.2 605.04 Availability of Aircraft Flight Manual.3 605.05 Markings and Placards.4 605.06 Aircraft Equipment Standards and Serviceability.5 605.07 Minimum Equipment Lists.6 605.08 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment - General.7 605.09 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment - Aircraft with a Minimum Equipment List.8 605.10 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment - Aircraft without a Minimum Equipment List AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.9 605.14 Power-driven Aircraft - Day VFR.10 605.15 Power-driven Aircraft - VFR OTT.11 605.16 Power-driven Aircraft - Night VFR.12 605.17 Use of Position and Anti-collision Lights.13 605.22 Seat and Safety-Belt Requirements.14 605.23 Restraint System Requirements.15 605.24 Shoulder Harness Requirements.16 605.25 General Use of Safety Belts and Restraints System.17 605.26 Use of Passenger Safety Belts and Restraint Systems.18 605.27 Use of Crew Member Safety Belts.19 605.28 Child Restraint System.20 605.29 Flight Control Locks  11.21 605.30 De-icing or Anti-icing Equipment.22 605.31 Oxygen Equipment and Supply.23 605.32 Use of Oxygen.24 605.33 Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder Requirements.25 605.34 Use of Flight Data Recorders and Cockpit Voice Recorders.26 605.35 Transponder and Automatic Pressure-Altitude Reporting Equipment.27 605.36 Altitude Alerting System or Device.28 605.37 Ground Proximity Warning System.29 605.38 ELT.30 605.39 Use of ELTs.31 605.40 ELT Activation.32 605.41 Standby Attitude Indicator.33 605.84 Aircraft Maintenance - General.34 605.85 Maintenance Release and Elementary Work.35 605.86 Maintenance Schedule.36 605.87 Transfer of Aeronautical Products Between Maintenance Schedules.37 605.88 Inspection after Abnormal Occurrences TECHNICAL RECORD.38 605.93 Technical Records - General.39 605.94 Journey Log Requirements.40 605.95 Journey Log - Carrying on Board.41 605.96 Requirements for Technical Records Other Than the Journey Log.42 605.97 Transfer of Records 1.5 PART VII - COMMERCIAL AIR SERVICES 1.5.1 700 - COMMERCIAL AIR SERVICES GENERAL.1 700.01 Definitions FLIGHT TIME AND FLIGHT DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST PERIODS.2 700.15 Flight Time Limitations.3 700.16 Flight Duty Time Limitations and Rest Periods.4 700.17 Unforeseen Operational Circumstances.5 700.18 Delayed Reporting Time.6 700.19 Requirements for Time Free from Duty  12.7 700.20 Flight Crew Positioning.8 700.21 Flight Crew Members on Reserve.9 700.22 Long Range Flights.10 700.23 Controlled Rest on the Flight Deck GENERAL.1 704.01 Application FLIGHT OPERATIONS.2 704.12 Operating Instructions.3 704.13 General Operational Information.4 704.16 Flight Authorization.5 704.17 Operational Flight Plan.6 704.19 Checklist.7 704.20 Fuel Requirements.8 704.22 Simulations of Emergency Situations.9 704.23 VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements.10 704.24 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility - Uncontrolled Airspace.11 704.25 VFR Flight Weather Conditions.12 704.26 Take-off Minima.13 704.27 No Alternate Aerodrome - IFR Flight.14 704.29 Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace.15 704.30 Instrument Approach Procedures.16 704.32 Weight and Balance Control.17 704.33 Apron and Cabin Safety Procedures.18 704.34 Briefing of Passengers AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE OPERATION LIMITATIONS.19 704.46 Take-off Weight Limitations.20 704.47 Net Take-Off Flight Path.21 704.48 Enroute Limitations with One Engine Inoperative.22 704.49 Dispatch Limitations: Landing at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes.23 704.50 Dispatch Limitations: Wet Runway - Turbo-jet-powered Aeroplanes AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.24 704.62 General Requirements.25 704.63 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions  13.26 704.64 Airborne Thunderstorm Detection and Weather Radar Equipment.27 704.65 Additional Equipment for Single-Pilot Operations.28 704.66 Protective Breathing Equipment.29 704.67 First Aid Oxygen.30 704.68 Shoulder Harness EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.31 704.83 Hand-Held Fire Extinguisher.32 704.84 Equipment Standards and Inspection PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS.33 704.106 Minimum Crew.34 704.107 Designation of Pilot-in-command and Second-in-command.35 704.108 Flight Crew Member Qualifications.36 704.111 Validity Period MANUALS.37 704.122 Distribution of Company Operations Manual.38 704.123 Aircraft Operating Manual.39 704.124 Standard Operating Procedures 1.5.5 705 − AIRLINE OPERATION GENERAL.1 705.01 Application FLIGHT OPERATIONS.2 705.16 Exceptions.3 705.20 Operational Control System.4 705.21 Flight Authorization.5 705.22 Operational Flight Plan.6 705.23 Maintenance of Aircraft.7 705.24 Checklist.8 705.25 Fuel Requirements.9 705.26 Extended Range Twin-engined Operations.10 705.27 Admission to the Flight Deck.11 705.28 Seats for Cabin Safety Inspectors.12 705.29 Flight Crew Members at Controls.13 705.30 Simulation of Emergency Situations  14.14 705.31 Crew Member Briefing.15 705.32 VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements.16 705.33 VFR Flight Weather Conditions.17 705.34 Take-off Minima.18 705.35 No Alternate Aerodrome - IFR Flight.19 705.37 Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace.20 705.38 Instrument Approach Procedures.21 705.39 Weight and Balance Control.22 705.40 Passenger and Cabin Safety Procedures.23 705.42 Carry-on Baggage.24 705.43 Briefing of Passengers AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS.25 705.55 General Requirements.26 705.56 Take-off Weight Requirements.27 705.57 Net Take-off Flight Path.28 705.58 Enroute Limitations with One Engine Operative.29 705.59 Enroute Limitations with Two Engines Inoperative.30 705.60 Dispatch Limitations: Landing at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes.31 705.61 Dispatch Limitations: Wet Runway - Turbo-jet-Powered Aeroplanes AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.32 705.67 General Requirements.33 705.68 Landing Lights.34 705.69 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions.35 705.70 Weather Radar Equipment.36 705.71 Protective Breathing Equipment.37 705.72 First Aid Oxygen.38 705.73 Interphone System.39 705.74 Public Address System.40 705.75 Crew Member Shoulder Harness.41 705.76 Lavatory Fire Protection.42 705.78 Floor Proximity Emergency Escape Path Markings.43 705.79 Flashlight Stowage EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.44 705.89 Megaphones.45 705.90 First Aid Kits.46 705.91 Emergency Medical Kit.47 705.92 Crash Axe.48 705.93 Hand-held Fire Extinguishers  15.49 705.94 Portable Oxygen PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS.50 705.103 Designation of Pilot-in-command and Second-in-command.51 705.104 Flight Attendant Requirements.52 705.106 Pilot Qualifications.53 705.107 Flight Engineer and Second Officer Qualifications.54 705.108 Crew Pairing.55 705.111 Route and Aerodrome Qualifications.56 705.113 Validity Period MANUALS.57 705.136 Distribution of Company Operations Manual.58 705.137 Aircraft Operating Manual.59 705.138 Standard Operating Procedures  16 1.6 NOTAM 1.10 OPERATIONS IN HIGH LEVEL (proficiency level 5) DOMESTIC AIRSPACE (proficiency level 4) 1.7 A.I.P. CANADA (proficiency level 5).1 Altimeter Setting Procedures.2 Cruising Altitudes.1 A.I.P. Canada.3 Mach Number/TAS Changes.2 A.I.P. Supplements.4 High Level Holding Procedures.3 Aeronautical Information.5 Profile Descent Circulars.6 Leaving or Entering.4 Aviation Notices Uncontrolled Airspace.5 AIRAC Canada.7 Uncontrolled Airspace.6 CAP Procedures.7 CFS 1.11 CANADIAN MINIMUM 1.8 TRANSPORTATION SAFETY NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE BOARD OF CANADA (TSB) - A.I.P. SPECIFICATIONS (CMNPS) CANADA, GEN 3.0 (proficiency level 2) AIRSPACE (proficiency level 5).1 General 1.9 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND.2 Partial or Complete Loss of PROCEDURES Navigation Capability (proficiency level 5).3 Position Reporting.1 Air Traffic and Advisory 1.12 CANADIAN MINIMUM NAVIGATION Services PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS.2 Flight Service Stations.3 Communications Procedures (CMNPS) CERTIFICATION (proficiency level 5).4 Radar Service.5 ATC Clearances and.1 General Instructions.2 Certification.6 ESCAT Plan (formerly.3 Navigation System SCATANA) Requirements.7 Wake Turbulence Separation.4 Transition Between CMNPS.8 Airport/Aerodrome Operations Airspace and the Canadian - Uncontrolled Domestic Airway Structure.9 Airport/Aerodrome Operations.5 Separation Minima - Controlled.10 Mandatory and Aerodrome Traffic Frequencies.11 VFR En Route Procedures.12 VFR Holding Procedures.13 Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO).14 Clearway/Stopway  17 1.13 ATC SPECIAL PROCEDURES (proficiency level 5).1 Adherence to Mach Number.2 Parallel and Offset Procedures.3 Structured Airspace.4 Required Navigation Performance Capability Airspace (RNPC).5 Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Airspace (CMNPS).6 Canadian Domestic Routes.7 Canadian Track Structures.8 Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS).9 Declaring and Emergency 1.14 NORTH ATLANTIC OPERATIONS (proficiency level 5).1 General Aviation Aircraft.2 North American Routes (NAR).3 NAT Organized Track System.4 Flight Rules and Flight Planning Procedures.5 Clearances, Position Reports, Communications Failure.6 Transponder Operation 1.15 RVSM (proficiency level 5).1 General.2 RVSM Airspace.3 RVSM Transition Airspace.4 Air Traffic Control (ATC) Procedures.5 Aircraft Requirements  18 SECTION 2: AIRFRAMES, ENGINES, PROPELLERS AND AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 2.1 AIRFRAMES (proficiency level 3).1 Flight Controls 2.3 PROPELLERS.2 Flaps (proficiency level 3).3 Slots/Slats.4 Spoilers.1 Propeller Thrust and Torque.5 Wing Fences.2 Geometric and Effective Pitch.6 Winglets.3 Slipstream, Gyroscopic Effect.7 Canards and Asymmetric Thrust.8 Vortex Generators.4 Controls.9 Trimming Devices.5 Ground and Flight Range.6 Constant Speed 2.2 ENGINES.7 Feathering (proficiency level 3).8 Reversing.1 Principles of Reciprocating 2.4 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS Engines (proficiency level 4).2 Handling Procedures for Reciprocating Engines.1 Fuel.3 Principles of Turbo-prop.2 Oil Engines.3 Electrical.4 Handling Procedures for Turbo-.4 Hydraulic prop Engines.5 Pneumatic.5 Principles of Turbo-jet Engines.6 Warning (e.g. Ice, Fire, GPWS.6 Handling and Procedures for and Altitude Alert) Turbo-jet Engines.7 Fire Protection.7 Engine Controls.8 Heating.9 De-icing and Anti-icing.10 Oxygen.11 Air Conditioning.12 Pressurization.13 Landing Gear and Brakes.14 Autopilot.15 Avionics.16 Flight Controls.17 Fuel Systems  19 SECTION 3: METEOROLOGY (proficiency level 5 for all items in section 3) 3.1 THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE 3.6 STABILITY AND INSTABILITY.1 Properties.1 Lapse Rate and Stability.2 Vertical Structure.2 Modification of Stability.3 ICAO Standard Atmosphere.3 Characteristics of Stable/ Unstable Air 3.2 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.4 Surface Heating and Cooling.5 Lifting Process.1 Pressure Measurements.6 Subsidence/Convergence.2 Station Pressure.3 Mean Sea Level Pressure 3.7 CLOUDS.4 Pressure Systems and Their Variations.1 Classification.5 Effects of Temperature.2 Formation.6 Horizontal Pressure.3 Types and Recognition Differences.4 Associated Precipitation and Turbulence 3.3 METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ALTIMETRY 3.8 TURBULENCE.1 Pressure Altitude.1 Convection.2 Density Altitude.2 Mechanical.3 True Altitude.3 Orographic.4 Altimeter Setting.4 Clear Air Turbulence.5 Effects of both Pressure and.5 VIRGA - Evaporation Cooling Temperature.6 Reporting Criteria.7 Mountain Waves 3.4 TEMPERATURE 3.9 WIND.1 Heating and Cooling of the Atmosphere - Convection/.1 Pressure Gradient Advection/Radiation.2 Deflection Caused by the.2 Horizontal Differences Earth’s Rotation.3 Temperature Variations with.3 Low Level Winds - Variation in Altitude Surface Wind.4 Inversions.4 Friction.5 Isothermal Layers.5 Centrifugal Force.6 Veer and Back 3.5 MOISTURE.7 Squalls and Gusts.8 Diurnal Effects.1 Relative Humidity/Dewpoint.9 Land and Sea Breezes.2 Sublimation/Condensation.10 Katabatic/Anabatic Effects.3 Cloud Formation.11 Topographical Effects.4 Precipitation.12 Wind Shear, Types and.5 Saturated/Dry Adiabatic Lapse Causes Rates  20 3.10 JET STREAMS 3.14 AIRCRAFT ICING.1 Frontal Jet Streams.1 Formation.2 Wind Distribution/Location.2 Type of Ice.3 Temperature Distribution.3 Reporting Criteria.4 Seasonal Variations in Latitude.4 Cloud Types and Icing and Speed.5 Freezing Rain and Drizzle.5 Arctic Stratospheric Jets.6 Icing in Clear Air (Hoar Frost).6 Subtropical Jet Streams.7 Collection Efficiency.7 Turbulence.8 Aerodynamic Heating 3.11 AIR MASSES 3.15 THUNDERSTORMS.1 Definition and Characteristics.1 Requirements for Development.2 Formation.2 Life Cycle.3 Classification.3 Classification - Air Mass,.4 Modification Frontal, Squall Line,.5 Factors that Determine Convective, Orographic and Weather Nocturnal.6 Seasonal and Geographic.4 Tornadoes and Hurricanes Effects.5 Hazards - Turbulence, Hail,.7 Air Masses Affecting North Rain, Icing, Altimetry, Lightning, America Gust Fronts, Downbursts and Microbursts 3.12 FRONTS 3.16 SURFACE BASED LAYERS.1 Structure.2 Types.1 Fog Formation.3 Formation.2 Fog Types.4 Cross-sections.3 Haze and Smoke.5 Discontinuities Across Fronts.4 Blowing Obstructions to Vision.6 Frontal Waves and Occlusions.7 Frontogenesis and Frontolysis 3.13 FRONTAL WEATHER.1 Warm Front.2 Cold Front.3 Stationary Front.4 TROWAL and Upper Fronts  21 3.17 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AVAILABLE TO Dispatchers 3.19 AVIATION FORECASTS.1 Aviation Weather Briefing.1 Times Issued/Validity Periods Service (AWBS).2 Decoding.2 Aviation Weather Information.3 Graphical Area Forecasts Service (AWIS) (GFA)/AIRMET.3 Flight Service Stations (FSS).4 Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF).4 Weather Broadcasts by Flight.5 Upper Level Winds and Service Stations Temperature Forecasts (FD).5 Atmospheric Environment.6 Significant In-flight Weather Service Weather Briefing Warning Message (SIGMET).6 Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWB) 3.20 WEATHER MAPS AND.7 DUATS - Commercial PROGNOSTIC CHARTS Weather Service.8 Automatic Terminal Information.1 Times Issued/Validity Periods Service (ATS).2 Symbols/Decoding.9 VOLMET (HF) Broadcast.3 Surface Weather Map.10 Pilots Automatic Telephone.4 Prognostic Surface Chart Reporting Criteria, Cloud Types.5 Upper Level Charts - ANAL and Icing Weather Answering (850mb, 700mb, 500mb & Service(PATWAS) 250mb).6 Upper Level Charts - PROG 3.18 AVIATION WEATHER REPORTS (FL240, FL340, FL450).7 Significant Weather Prognostic.1 Aviation Routine Weather Chart FL100-250 (700-400mb) Report (METAR) & FL250-600 (400-100mb).2 SPECI.3 Decoding.4 AWOS.5 Pilot Reports (PIREP/AIREP)  22 SECTION 4: INSTRUMENTS 4.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - 4.3 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS - PRINCIPLES AND OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND USE USE (proficiency level 3) (proficiency level 3).1 Tachometer.1 Pitot Static System.2 Manifold Pressure.2 Airspeed Indicator.3 Oil Pressure.3 Machmeter.4 Oil Temperature.4 Altimeter and Encoding.5 Exhaust Gas Temperature Altimeter.6 Cylinder Head Temperature.5 Radio/Radar Altimeter.7 Carburetor Air Temperature.6 Outside Air Temperature.8 Intake Air Temperature.7 Turn-and-bank Indicator/Turn.9 Fuel Pressure Co-ordinator.10 Fuel Flow.8 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI).11 Torquemeter.9 Heading Indicator.12 Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR).10 Attitude Indicator (AI).13 Turbine Temperature (ITT/TIT).11 Flight Director.12 Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) 4.4 AIRCRAFT COMPASS SYSTEMS.13 Horizontal Situation Indicator (proficiency level 2) (HSI).14 Angle of Attack Indicator.1 Construction.2 Use 4.2 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT.3 Limitations and Faults INSTRUMENTS.4 Gyromagnetic Remote (proficiency level 3) Indicating Compass.1 Flight Management System (FMS).2 Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)  23 SECTION 5: NAVIGATION - GENERAL 5.1 NAVIGATION TERMS 5.5 COMPUTERIZED FLIGHT PLANS (proficiency level 4) (proficiency level 5).1 Decode.1 Air Position.2 Analysis and Interpolation.2 Great Circle.3 Rhumb Line 5.6 EN ROUTE NAVIGATION.4 Greenwich Hour Angle (proficiency level 5) 5.2 MAPS AND CHARTS.1 Use of Aeronautical Charts (proficiency level 5).2 Calculation of Heading and Groundspeed.1 Lambert Conformal.3 Use of Radio Aids to Determine.2 Transverse Mercator Position and Transferring.3 Enroute Low and High Altitude Position Lines Charts.4 Gyro Steering Techniques in Areas of Compass Unreliability 5.3 TIME AND LONGITUDE.5 Maintaining Flight Log (Air (proficiency level 5) Position).6 Determination of Wind Velocity.1 Time Zones and Relation to Longitude 5.4 FLIGHT PLANNING CALCULATIONS AND FORMS (proficiency level 5).1 Heading and True Airspeed.2 Wind and Windspeed.3 IAS-CAS-EAS-TAS.4 Track and Groundspeed.5 Mach.6 Time.7 Weight and Balance.8 Flight Planned Fuel Requirements.9 Fuel Load/Zero Fuel Weight.10 Pay Load/Weight Shift.11 Critical Point (CP).12 Equal Time Point (ETP).13 Flight Plans.14 Flight Itinerary.15 ICAO Flight Plan.16 ETOPS  24 SECTION 6: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND AIDS TO NAVIGATION - BASIC PRINCIPLES AND USE.3 Secondary Returns 6.1 RADIO.4 Weather Radar (proficiency level 3) 6.6 NAVIGATION SYSTEMS.1 Elementary Theory (proficiency level 3).2 Wave Length and Frequency.3 Frequency Bands Used in.1 Automatic Direction Finder Communication and Navigation (ADF).4 Characteristics of Low, High.2 VHF Omnidirectional Range and Very High Frequency (VOR) Radio Waves.3 Distance Measuring Equipment.5 Ground Waves and Sky Waves (DME).6 Skip Distance.4 Co-located VOR and TACAN.7 Reflection and Refraction (VORTAC).8 Night Effect.5 Long Range Area Navigation (LORAN C) 6.2 AIRCRAFT RADIO.6 Global Navigation Satellite TRANSCEIVERS System (GNSS - GPS) (proficiency level 4).7 Very High Frequency Direction Finding (VHF - DF).1 VHF.8 Area Navigation System.2 HF (RNAV).3 DATALINK.9 Inertial Navigation System (INS) 6.3 SELECTIVE CALL SYSTEM 6.7 APPROACH AIDS (SELCAL) (proficiency level 4) (proficiency level 4).1 Instrument Landing System.1 VHF (ILS).2 HF.2 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS - GPS) 6.4 EMERGENCY LOCATOR.3 Surveillance Radar (ASR & TRANSMITTER (ELT) AASR) (proficiency level 2).4 Precision Approach Radar (PAR).1 Requirements.5 Secondary Surveillance Radar.2 Testing (SSR).3 Flight Planning.6 VASIS/PAPI.4 Accidental Transmission.5 Pilot Response to Signals 6.8 TRANSPONDERS.6 Downed Aircraft Procedures (proficiency level 4) 6.5 RADAR (proficiency level 3) 6.9 ACAS/TCAS.1 Elementary Theory.2 Primary Returns  25 SECTION 7: FLIGHT OPERATIONS.8 Crosswind 7.1 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS IN.9 Weight, Altitude, Temperature FLIGHT (WAT), Takeoff/Landing (proficiency level 5) Performance Charts.1 ICAO Standard Atmosphere 7.4 CRITICAL SURFACE.2 Temperature and Pressure/Air CONTAMINATION Density (proficiency level 5).3 Humidity/Rain.4 Cold Temperature Corrections.1 Clean Aircraft Concept - Practices and Techniques 7.2 PERFORMANCE.2 Frozen Contaminants Including (proficiency level 5) Cold-Soaking Phenomenon.3 De-icing and Anti-icing Fluids.1 Indicated and True Stalling.4 De-icing and Anti-icing Speeds Procedures.2 Slow Speed Flight.5 Variables that Can Influence Characteristics Holdover Time - Turbo-prop.6 Critical Surface Inspections - Turbo-jet.7 Pre-take-off Inspection 3. High Speed Flight.8 Health Affects Characteristic.9 Application Guideline Tables - Turbo-prop - Turbo-jet 7.5 WAKE TURBULENCE 4. Relationship of Speed to Angle (proficiency level 5) of Attack.5 Cruising for Range/Endurance.1 Causes and Effects.6 Flight Performance “V”.2 Avoidance Procedures Speeds - Definition and Use.3 Separation Criteria and Waiver.7 Weight and Balance - Load Adjustment 7.6 FLIGHT MANUAL.8 Effect of Changes in Weight (proficiency level 3) and Load Distribution.9 Hydroplaning.1 Approved Information.10 Wind Shear - Effects and Avoidance 7.7 VOLCANIC ASH.11 Landing Techniques (proficiency level 5).12 Selection of Alternates.1 Hazards 7.3 CHARTS AND GRAPHS (proficiency level 5) 7.8 AIRMANSHIP/RULES OF THUMB (proficiency level 4).1 Weight and Balance.2 Take-off.1 General.3 Climb.4 Cruise.5 Buffet Boundary.6 Descent.7 Landing  26 SECTION 8: THEORY OF FLIGHT 8.1 FORCES ACTING ON AN 8.2 WING DESIGN AEROPLANE (proficiency level 3) (proficiency level 4).1 Wing Tip Vortices.1 Load Factor.2 Sweepback.2 Relationship of Weight and.3 Leading and Trailing Edge Load Factor to Stalling Flaps.3 Gust Loads.4 Winglets.4 Stability.5 Canards.5 Lift/Weight/Thrust/Drag.6 Vortex Generators.7 Wing Fences.8 Spoilers  27 SECTION 9: HUMAN FACTORS 9.1 AVIATION PHYSIOLOGY 9.4 PILOT - EQUIPMENT / (proficiency level 3) MATERIALS RELATIONSHIP (proficiency level 5).1 Hypoxia/Hyperventilation.2 Gas Expansion Effects.1 Controls and Displays.3 Decompression (Including - Errors in Interpretation and SCUBA Diving) Control.4 Vision/Visual Scanning - Information Selection: e.g. Techniques “glass” cockpits.5 Hearing.2 Alerting and Warning Systems.6 Orientation/Disorientation - Appropriate Selection and (Including Visual and Vestibular Set Up Illusions) - False Indications.7 Positive and Negative “G” - Distractions and.8 Circadian Rhythms/Jet Lag Responses.9 Sleep/Fatigue.3 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 9.2 THE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT.4 Correct Use of Charts, (proficiency level 1) Checklists and Manuals.5 Cockpit Visibility and Eye.1 Personal Health Reference Position/Seat Exercise/Fitness Position.2 Obesity/Diet/Nutrition.3 Medications (Prescribed and 9.5 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS Over-the-counter) (proficiency level 4).4 Substance Abuse (Alcohol and Drugs).1 Communications with Flight.5 Pregnancy and Cabin Crew/Passengers/.6 Heat/Cold Company Management/Flight.7 Noise/Vibration Operations/Maintenance.8 Effects of Smoking Personnel/Air Traffic Services.9 Toxic Hazards (Including.2 Crew Problem Solving and Carbon Monoxide) Decision Making.3 Crew Management/Small 9.3 AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY Group Dynamics (proficiency level 4).4 Operating Pressures Family/ Peer Group/Employer.1 The Decision-Making Process.2 Factors That Influence 9.6 CREW-DISPATCH RESOURCE Decision-Making MANAGEMENT (CRM - DRM).3 Situational Awareness (proficiency level 5).4 Stress.5 Managing Risk.6 Attitudes.7 Workload (Attention and Information Processing)  28 EXAMINATION RESULTS - DECODING Candidates who write an examination will be informed of the Question topics they answered incorrectly by a series of numbers related to the sections and topics contained in this Guide. Questions relating to more than one topic are shown by a slash (/) separating the series of numbers (example 3). The method of decoding these numbers is explained by the examples below. HOW TO DECODE Example (1) 1.1.2.3 Section 1. Air Law and Procedures Sub-section 1. CARs - PART 1 - General Provisions Subpart 2. Administration and Compliance Topic 3 Record Keeping Example (2) 3.5.1 Section 3. Meteorology Sub-section 5. Moisture Topic 1 Relative Humidity / Dewpoint Example (3) 3.9.12 / 7.2.10 Section 3. Meteorology Sub-section 9. Wind Topic 12 Wind Shear Types and Causes Section 7. Flight Operations Sub-section 2. Performance Topic 10 Wind Shear - Effects and Avoidance TABLES AND CHARTS The following section contains examples of different tables and charts, which may be used on ATPL-A examinations WEIGHT SHIFT FORMULA WEIGHT OF CARGO MOVED DISTANCE CG MOVED  =   WEIGHT OF AEROPLANE DISTANCE BETWEEN ARM LOCATION  Aircraft Seating Diagram Fuel Loading Chart Fwd. Fuel Taken as 7.807 lb. per Imp. Gal. / Moments are in in.-lb. Fuselage and Wing Tanks Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.) Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.) Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.) Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Crew Crew Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.) Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000 10 78 23 300 2,342 682 590 4,606 1,326 880 6,870 1,971 20 156 46 310 2,420 704 600 4,684 1,349 891 6,956 2,000 30 234 68 320 2,498 727 610 4,762 1,370 40 312 91 330 2,576 748 620 4,840 1,393 50 390 115 340 2,654 771 630 4,918 1,415 60 468 137 350 2,732 793 640 4,996 1,438 Toilet 70 546 160 360 2,810 815 650 5,075 1,459 80 625 183 370 2,889 837 660 5,153 1,482 90 703 205 380 2,967 860 670 5,231 1,504 100 781 229 390 3,045 882 680 5,309 1,526 Wing Tip Tanks Bar 110 859 252 400 3,123 904 690 5,387 1,548 29 Imp. Mom./ 8 120 937 275 410 3,201 926 700 5,465 1,571 Wt. (lb.) Arm Gallons 1000 130 1,015 298 420 3,279 949 710 5,543 1,593 152.8 140 1,093 321 430 3,357 970 720 5,621 1,615 50 390 110 (Page 1 of 2) 343 5,699 100 781 221 Arm 7 6 150 1,171 440 3,435 993 730 1,637 160 1,249 366 450 3.513 1,015 740 5,777 1,660 150 1,171 331 172.8 170 1,327 389 460 3,591 1,038 750 5,855 1,681 192 1,499 423 180 1,405 412 470 3,669 1,059 760 5,933 1,704 Arm 190 1,483 435 480 3,747 1,082 770 6,011 1,726 204.8 5 4 200 1,561 458 490 3,825 1,104 780 6,089 1,749 210 1,639 480 500 3,904 1,125 790 6,168 1,770 220 1,718 503 510 3,982 1,148 800 6,246 1,793 Arm 230 1,796 525 520 4,060 1,171 810 6,324 1,815 Table Table WEIGHT & BALANCE LOADING DATA 231.3 240 1,874 548 530 4,138 1,193 820 6,402 1,838 250 1,952 570 540 4,216 1,215 830 6,480 1,859 260 2,030 593 550 4,294 1,237 840 6,558 1,882 Arm 3 2 1 270 2,108 615 560 4,372 1,260 850 6,636 1,904 257.8 280 2,186 638 570 4,450 1,281 860 6,714 1,926 290 2,264 659 580 4,528 1,304 870 6,792 1,948 Arm Baggage 361.5  Centre Of Gravity Envelope 22 MAC is 90.197 inches 22.19% Max Ramp Weight 21,000 lbs. L.E. of MAC is 253.964 in. aft of reference daturm. 21 Max TO Weight 20,700 lbs. 29.0% Conversion Formula - Arm to %MAC: 22.02% 20 %MAC = ARM (in.) - 253.964 X 100 90.197 Max Landing Weight 19,000 lbs, 19 it 280.0 Li m 18.G. 279.0 wd. C 17 F 278.0 Aft. C.G. Limit 16 277.0 276.0 15 Max Zero Fuel Weight 14,500 lbs. 275.0 Gross Weight - 1000 lbs. 30 14 274.0 25.58% (Page 2 of 2) 14.02% Zero F uel Envelope 273.0 13 Zone 1 Zone 2 272.0 Arm - Fuselage Station - Inches 12 14.47% 271.0 23.50% 11 26.42% 270.0 WEIGHT & BALANCE LOADING DATA 10 269.0 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 %MAC 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 % MAC Zone 1 If the Zero Fuel Weight falls within this zone - fuel can be loaded up to Max Ramp Wt. without exceeding C.G. Limits. Conversion Chart - Arm to %MAC Zone 2 If the Zero Fuel Weight falls within this zone - the fuel quantity that may be added must be restricted such that at take-off the aft C.G. Limit is not exceeded.  Example 1 Example 2 1. Temperature 40 oF 1 Field Length Available 3200 Ft. 2. Field Press. Altitude 4000 Ft. 2 Anti-Skid Operative 3. Gross Weight 16500 Lbs. 3 No Runway Gradient Flaps - 8o 4. Headwind Component 30 Kt. 4 Headwind Component 30 Kt. 5. No Runway Gradient 5 Temperature 25oF 6. Anti-skid Operative 6 Pressure Altitude Sea Level 7. Takeoff Distance 5380 Ft. 7 Limiting Weight for Takeoff 14200 Lbs. 10000 See Text for Ref. Line Example Description Ref. Line Ref. Line 0 Ft. Ft. 9000 1 00 0 8 00 0 t. 8000 6 000 F t. 40 0 0 F Ft. 7000 2 00 0 e vel 31 3 S ea L 6000 4 ISA 7 Take-Off Distance - ft. 5 6 5000 TAKE-OFF DISTANCE GRAPH 2 E 4000 F D A C B 3000 Tail Head Up G 1 Down 2000 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -10 0 10 20 30 0 1 2 3 On Off Temperature - oF Gross Weight - 1000 lbs. Reported Wind (Knots) G radient Percent Anti-Skid  Take-Off Speeds V1 , VR, V2 Flaps 15 Degrees Cabin Pressurization - Off Engine Anti-Ice - Off and On 00 0 00 4 ft. 5 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 15000 lbs. and below 20700 15000 lbs. and below 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 20700 1 1 0 00 lb. 00 1 60 000 0 10 0 170 8 0 00 V1 VR V2 1 80 60 0 0 19 00 00 40 2 00 0 0 20 L. 20 70 0 0 S. 00 V1 = VM CG C C C B A K L -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 100 110 120 130 110 120 130 140 150 o Airport Air Temperature C 32 VR - Knots V2 - Knots D OFF Anti- NOTE: Ice ON Refer to weight limitations of this m anual H for Maximum gross weight limitations. V1 speed is established on the basis of employing anti-skid and lift dumpers Tailwind 10 for the aborted takeoff. E Wind TAKE-OFF SPEEDS V1, VR, V2 Wind 0 Component- Baseline Knots 10 EXAMPLE: o Headwind 20 A Airport Air Tem perature 30 C B Airport Pressure Altitude - Sea Level C Gross Weight at Brake R elease 19000 lbs. Downhill 1 D Anti Ice Off E Wind Com ponent 0 kts. Average Slope F Average Runway Slope 1 Percent Uphill 0 Runway Baseline G V1 Speed, Anti Ice Off 118 kts. Slope- 1 H Anti Ice On Percent F J V 1 Speed, Anti Ice On 120.5 kts. Uphill 2 K VR Speed 122.5 kts. L V2 Speed 135 kts. G J 80 90 100 110 120 V 1 - Knots  Accelerate-Go - Flaps 0% Example: Associated Conditions: OAT Power Take-Off power set 28§ C Pressure Altitude 5430 Feet before brake release. Headwind Component 9.5 Knots Flaps 0% AutoFeather Armed Take-Off Weight - Take-Off Field Landing Gear Retract after lift-off Pounds Length - Feet Runway Paved, level, dry surface Weight - Speed - Knots Pounds 12,500 10,950 VR VLOF V2 10,650 6,786 Note: 1. Air distance is 50% of take-off field length. 12,500 95 101 121 10,470 6,370 2. V1 (engine failure speed) equals 12,000 95 101 119 Speeds (10,470 Pounds) VR 95 Kt. VR (rotation speed). 11,000 95 101 115 VLOF 101 Kt. 3. Usable clearway cannot exceed 10,000 95 101 111 9,000 V2 113 Kt. 25% of the runway length. 95 101 108 12,000 He ad in d wi n d 11,000 ilw Ta de 10,000 titu Al 33 re 9,000 e 00 P r ,0 10 ss u 8,000 Reference Line 0 Reference Line 00 8, 00 7,000 6 ,0 TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE 00 4,0 6,000 00 A 2,0 IS SL 5,000 Take-Off Field Length - Feet 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 0 10 20 30 Outside Air Temperature - § C Weight - Pounds Wind Component - Knots  34 CRUISE PERFORMANCE o TWO ENGINE FLIGHT PLANNING: LONG RANGE CRUISE - 35,000 ft (ISA = -54.3 C) Headwind -kt- Tailwind 1 ,0 1,5 2,0 00 50 0 00 00 Na u tica l mi l es -10 ISA +10 0 ,0 0 18 0 ,0 0 17 0 ,0 0 16 0 ,0 0 15 Take-off gross weight - 1,000 lb 0 ,0 0 14 000 1 3, 000 12 , Distance Increasing Wind 0 00 11, A B F lt Temp 00 0 1 0, Tim E e C TOGW Increasing D G t igh We g F ng n ndi asi La Incre  35 LONG RANGE CRUISE 12 11 25 29 ft. 0 Based on: 00 e 10 ov -1 340/.84 climb ab e & ud.84/290/250 descent 33 9 ti t Al re su 280 es 8 Pr Trip Time - Hours 7 260 240 31 2 9 2 7 6 25 5 220 e