Supreme Court Cases (1979) 3 SCC 489-524 PDF

SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 1 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this...

SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 1 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 2 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 3 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 4 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 5 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 6 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 7 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 8 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 9 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 10 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 11 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 12 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 13 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 14 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 15 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 16 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 17 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 18 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 19 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 20 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 21 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 22 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 23 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 24 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 25 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 26 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 27 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 28 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 29 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 30 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 31 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 32 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 33 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 34 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 35 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCC Online Web Edition, © 2024 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Page 36 Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Printed For: Gagan M, K.L.E. Society Law College SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2024 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------