SEHS Notes: Cardiac Functions, Endocrine System, and Muscle Physiology

SEHS notes Intersystem com. + NS Notes: Definitions: (A.1) All systems communicate together to maintain optimal homeostasis levels. Balancing aspects such as:...

SEHS notes Intersystem com. + NS Notes: Definitions: (A.1) All systems communicate together to maintain optimal homeostasis levels. Balancing aspects such as: solute concentration (osmosis), body temp, co2 concentration, blood glucose levels. Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord The Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System control movement, reflex and homeostasis peripheral nervous system - all other nerves coordination + contain sensor receptors that detect change Somatic system - the part of the peripheral Somatic and autonomic systems control voluntary vs involuntary actions in conjunction with the nervous system that controls voluntary movement. autonomic system (sympathetic vs parasympathetic) Autonomic system - the nervous system that Sympathetic system (fight or flight) – increase in HR, BPM, blood to muscles and lower priority of controls involuntary bodily functions, such as digestion. Vice versa with para. heart rate, breathing, and digestion. Cardiac function intrinsic and extrinsic functions control the heart from inside and outside constantly sympathetic - is a network of nerves that altering dependant of the environment, system regulations and homeostasis. Frank-Starling Law explores activates the body's "fight-or-flight" response. the increase in blood causing the increase in heart stretch. Parasympathetic - is a network of nerves that helps the body relax and perform life-sustaining Aerobic respiration is constantly occurring to break down food molecules and their nutrients to follow the functions. ATP equation. Oxygen + Glucose convert to Co2 and H2O Proprioceptors - sensory receptors that Receptors such as the proprioceptors, baroreceptors and chemoreceptors detect changes and send receive stimuli from within the body, especially signals via the NS to effectors. Proprio located in muscles, tendons and joints (spindles, Golgi organs, joint ones that respond to position and movement. receptors). Baro located in carotid arteries and aortic arch adjust HR according to BP during activity. Baroreceptors - sensory cells that detect Chemo located in carotid, artic and brainstem adjusts breathing rate based off o2 and co2 levels. changes in blood pressure and volume Chemoreceptors – sensory receptors in the carotid body and aortic arch that detect changes to levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood Intrinsic vs extrinsic cardiac function – intrinsic functions occur within the heart (SA Node = heart’s natural pacemaker. Av Node = coordinates contractions). Extrinsic functions occur outside of the heart (Neural = sympathetic/parasympathetic. Hormonal = Summary: adrenaline). Aerobic Respiration - a chemical process that CARDIAC FUNCTIONS AND PARTS OF HEART: : https://quizlet.com/au/1007157086/major-structures-of-the-heart-and-their-functions-flash-cards/?i=5tzzla&x=1jqt uses oxygen to break down food molecules and produce energy. It's also known as aerobic metabolism, cell respiration, and oxidative metabolism.  Endocrine System Notes: Definitions: (A.1.2) Hormones come from glands Endocrine system - a network of glands that produce NS detects change and communicates with glands to effect solution hormones and release them into the bloodstream: regulate metabolism, energy availability, and recovery. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (adrenaline) released by adrenal glands cause increase in HR and energy adrenaline - a hormone secreted by transformation by mobilizing glucose. the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism Insulin and Glucagon both regulate BSL. Insulin lowers BSL, supporting muscle recovery. Glucagon and prepares muscles for exertion. increased BSL by breaking down glycogen. cortisol - a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and used medicinally to treat ADH comes from the pituitary gland. Decrease urine and wastage to prevent dehydration and maintain inflammation fluid balance. Insulin - a hormone that lowers the level of glucose Reproductive hormones (testosterone and estrogen) influence muscle growth, endurance and recovery + Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal - a system of metabolism. glands and hormones that help the body respond to stress Progesterone is a thermoregulation hormone part of the reproductive group. Impacts fuelling and sleep. adrenal glands - a pair of small, triangular glands Oestrogen (female only) promotes spare glycogen to fat metabol. + enhances female endurance and that sit on top of each kidney flexibility. Thyroid - a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, Testosterone promotes protein synthesis, done density and red blood cell count. and development pituitary gland - a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus epinephrine - Hormone that helps body prepare for fight or flight response: increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Norepinephrine - Norepinephrine enhances arousal, alertness, attention, mood, and memory; helps control blood pressure by constricting blood vessels; affects the sleep-wake cycle; maintains organ function Glucagon - a hormone that increases blood sugar levels Summary: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - a hormone produced https://quizlet.com/au/1007137036/endocrine-glands-flash-cards/?i=5tzzla&x=1qqt in the brain that controls the amount of water in the body Progesterone - a hormone that plays a key role in the thermoregulation of the body, fuelling, menstrual cycle and pregnancy