NGN Services DEP30083 Study Notes PDF

DEP30083 TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK 1  COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME apply the basic concept of switching, transmission, signaling system in telephone network and various telephone services by using appropriate block diagram. (C3, PLO1) solve related well-defined enginee...

DEP30083 TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK 1  COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME apply the basic concept of switching, transmission, signaling system in telephone network and various telephone services by using appropriate block diagram. (C3, PLO1) solve related well-defined engineering problems related to line speed and teletraffic using designated formula. (C3, PLO2) construct and test various applications of related communication equipments in performing the assigned practical work using standard test equipment. (P4,PLO5) demonstrate ability to work in team to complete assigned tasks during practical work sessions. (A3, PLO11) 2  TOPIC 5 NGN SERVICES 5.1 Apply the understanding of VoIP 5.2 Understand IPTV over NGN 5.3 Apply the understanding of Web Services in NGN 5.4 Understand Fixed-Mobile Convergence 5.5 Apply the understanding of Ubiquitous Sensor Network Services 5.6 Understand VPN Services in NGN 5.7 Understand the various concept in NGN 3  5.1 Apply the understanding of VoIP 4  NGN Services 8.1 QoS-Enabled VoIP Since the invention of telephony in 1876, it has become the most important service in telecommunications until today.  Telephony as a conversational two-way service, which provides voice communication between people on distance like they are talking facing each other, will remain as one of the most important services in the future as well  To provide convergence of all different types of services, including the telephony, over IP-based networks, and Internet technologies, the QoS support with well standardized signaling protocols and mechanisms for end- to-end QoS guarantees is needed, and that is provided by NGN.  Apply the understanding of VoIP 5  The first release of NGN standards was primarily focused on telephony in all-IP environments (i.e., Voice over IP – VoIP), which provides the same or better quality (in some QoS aspects, such as available bandwidth) of telephony than in the Plain Old Telephony Service (POTS).  VoIP is the provision of voice communication in both directions (between the end users) over all-IP networks by using Internet technologies end-to-end.  5.1.1 Differences between VoIP and PSTN 6  Several important differences between PSTN and VoIP are the following:  Bit rates: PSTN provides constant 64 kbit/s for digital telephony in each direction, obtained by using ITU-T G.711 codec (i.e., Pulse Code Modulation – PCM).  Packet delay (i.e., latency): PSTN has controlled and constant packet delay end-to-end which is below 150 ms in each direction, while packet delay is higher in IP- based networks due to statistical multiplexing and higher processing time of IP packets in network nodes (e.g., buffering, shaping, scheduling, etc.)  Differences between VoIP and PSTN 7  Jitter (i.e., packet-delay variation): PSTN has very low jitter, while VoIP packets accumulate jitter due to statistical multiplexing and packet scheduling, which introduces variable delay to VoIP packets.  Network equipment: PSTN uses intelligent exchanges and overlay signaling network, while VoIP in general can use intelligent terminals (e.g., computers) and simpler network nodes (e.g., routers).  Differences between VoIP and PSTN 8  Convergence: This is one of the main advantages of VoIP over PSTN. By convergence of different service- centric networks (e.g., telephone network, TV network, etc.) to Internet-based telecommunications, the overall capital and operational costs are reduced.  Service flexibility: This is also very important advantage of VoIP over PSTN.  Service reliability: The same requirements are set to VoIP as for PSTN, that is, 99.999% availability of the service during the year.  5.1.2 Show Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) scenarios for VoIP 9  Figure 7.10 shows three scenarios for using the SIP signaling for VoIP connections.  Figure 7.10a shows a general picture of SIP signaling between two VoIP users (i.e., two SIP user agents) when they are in two different domains (usually that means that they are served two different VoIP service providers, where each VoIP service provider has a proxy server in its own domain).  Show Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 10 scenarios for VoIP  Figure 7.10b shows so-called SIP triangle, which is the scenario when both VoIP users (i.e., SIP user agents) are located in the same domain, served by the same proxy server.  The third case, shown in Figure 7.10c, presents a scenario for usage of SIP for peer-to-peer telephony, where the SIP network elements are excluded (this is peer-to-peer SIP scenario).  Figure 7.10a 11 12  5.2 Understanding IPTV over NGN 13  According to the ITU-T , Internet Protocol Television is defined as multimedia services such as TV, video, audio, pictures/graphics, and data, delivered over IP-based networks that are designed to support the needed level of QoS and QoE (Quality of Experience), interactivity, reliability, and security.  In general, IPTV is a successor to digital TV broadcast networks (e.g., terrestrial TV broadcast, cable TV) in a convergent IP environment.  Because digital TV requires higher bit rates for delivering the media (i.e., video synchronized with audio channels) the IPTV is becoming possible with deployment of broadband access networks (including fixed and mobile broadband)  5.2.1 Explain IPTV functional 14 architecture  There are three different types of IPTV functional architectures:  Non-NGN IPTV functional architecture: In this case IPTV services are provided by using existing protocols and network interfaces that are also used in the network for other IP-based services.  NGN-based non-IMS IPTV functional architecture: In this case IPTV services are provisioned by using NGN functional entities, but without deployment or usage of an IMS system in the network.  NGN IMS-based IPTV functional architecture: In this architecture all components of the NGN including IMS functional entities are utilized for the purpose of IPTV service provisioning. 15 16  5.2.2 Explain multicast based IPTV 17 contain delivery  Multicast-Based IPTV Content Delivery Multicast- based IPTV content delivery is using delivery of IPTV packets simultaneously to multiple destinations by using transmission from a single source.  ITU-T defines four different functional models for multicast-based delivery of IPTV content , given as follows: (i) network multicast model; (ii) cluster model; (iii) p2p model; and (iv) hybrid model of cluster and p2p.  An overview of the models is shown in Figure 8.8. 18  5.2.3 Explain unicast based IPTV 19 contain delivery  Unicast-based delivery of IPTV is typical scenario in the cases where users are nomadic within the network, and when IPTV service provider is not located in the network provider domain of the end user.  So, there are two scenarios for unicast-based IPTV content delivery : non-roaming scenario and NGN roaming scenario. 20  5.3 Apply the understanding of web 21 services in NGN  Web services are most important type of service in best-effort Internet. Such services are based on HTTP/TCP/IP protocol stack, and their expansion on a global scale has started with the standardization of the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) as a fundamental application-layer protocol in the World Wide Web (i.e., WWW).  Extension of the NGN with Web services is shown in Figure 8.10.  Apply the understanding of web 22 services in NGN  For such an extension an appropriate NGN interface for Web service providers is the Application–Network Interface (ANI).  The Web service providers register Web services in Web registry by using Web Services Description Language (WSDL) , which provides a machine- readable description of the services (including how the service can be called, service parameters, as well as data structures that the service returns). 23  5.4 Understand Fixed-Mobile 24 Convergence  FMC is not a new idea. It appeared as an option a couple of decades ago, going back to DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) systems in 1990s, then followed by UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access) and GAN (Generic Access Network) concepts. 25  Understand Fixed-Mobile 26 Convergence  This includes convergence of fixed and mobile telecommunications (i.e., FMC).  The fact is that the evolution of core networks toward the generalized mobility as well as FMC is something that is happening with the Fourth Generation (4G) of mobile systems.  Certain objectives for FMC are specified by ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunications), for generalized mobility in NGN.  5.5 Apply the understanding of 27 Ubiquitous sensor Network Services  One of the emerging services in NGN environments are Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) services.  In the twenty-first century there are already many sensors and sensor networks deployed for various purposes (e.g., industry, public services, etc.) 28  Apply the understanding of 29 Ubiquitous sensor Network Services  The USN has potential applications in civilian and military fields.  For example, some civilian USN applications are environment monitoring, healthcare, intelligent transport systems, intelligent home, and so on.  An overview of the USN ecosystem with NGN infrastructure is shown in Figure 8.13.  Apply the understanding of 30 Ubiquitous sensor Network Services  Main components of the USN are the following:  Physical sensor network.  USN access network.  NGN infrastructure.  USN middleware.  USN applications and services.  5.6 Understanding VPN services in 31 NGN.  Virtual Private Networks (VPN) solutions are crucial in carrier grade all-IP transport networks.  In fact, the solution that is used practically for IP- based transport networks since the beginning of the twenty-first century is MPLS/BGP IP VPN, standardized by the IETF.  Understanding VPN services in NGN. 32  VPN framework architecture in NGN is shown in Figure 8.15, which can be used for provision of VPN services in NGN environments, including fixed and mobile ones.  VPN functions in NGN service stratum include application support and service functions to provide the requested capabilities by the end users.  They work together with the VPN service control, which provides registration, authentication, and authorization of VPN members, security solutions, QoS provision, as well as management functions such as session and mobility management, multicast service control, as well as membership management (i.e., creation, management, and release of a VPN, joining and leaving VPNs, and partitioning of a VPN in multiple groups). 33  Understanding VPN services in NGN. 34  There are different scenarios for VPN services in NGN, which include the following ones :  Virtual corporate office.  Personal end-to-end VPN.  Community-based VPN.  5.7 Understand the various concept 35 in NGN  The vision behind the IoT was initially described in detail in an ITU report , which covered the potential technologies, market potentials, challenges, and implications, as well as the benefits to all countries, including the developing ones.  IoT is a global infrastructure for the information society enabling advanced services by interconnection of different physical and virtual things, based on existing (standardized) and evolving information and communication technologies (ICT).  The merging of IoT and WWW provides the Web-of-Things (WoT) which is defined as a concept for making use of IoT where the things (either physical or virtual) are connected and controlled via the WWW.  Internet of Things 36  The IoT paradigm is expected to have a long term influence on the technologies as well as society. In that manner, the IoT can be considered as standardization of information architecture (based on the NGN concept) for enabling information society in practice.  The IoT adds another dimension, referred to as “any- thing communication” to the ICT, besides the other two dimensions, “any-time communication” and “any-where communication,” as shown in Figure 8.16. 37  Web of Things 38  The IoT is targeted to solutions for interconnecting things by using interoperable ICT.  But, creation of application that run on the top of heterogeneous devices is a problem due to many heterogeneous networks and technologies behind them, lack of interoperability across many proprietary platforms (e.g., hardware platforms, operating system, databases, middleware, and applications), as well as different types of data formats.  The practical solution is to use for IoT a technology that is applicable and already world wide deployed in different types of devices. 39  Web of Things 40  A conceptual model for WoT is shown in Figure 8.17.  According to the model end user applications (which will be Web clients, such as Web browsers) will access the physical devices directly or through a WoT broker which has agents which provide an adaptation between interfaces of physical objects and Web interfaces.  Each agent within the WoT broker is dedicated to a specific interface (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.).  Figure 8.17. 41  Web of Things 42  One typical WoT service will be smart home service.  An example of smart home WoT service is shown in Figure 8.18.  Software Defined Networking 43  Another emerging implementation of network virtualization is SDN.  The idea behind the SDN is the existing situation in all networks in which different networks nodes (e.g., switches, routers) have their own operating systems which perform autonomous tasks within the node.  In Figure 9.12 is shown the evolution of networks with autonomous operating systems in network nodes to SDN, where network nodes (e.g., switches and routers) are simplified to perform forwarding of packet and protocol- based communication between each other, while control of their processes is performed by a NOS which has a global network view (since it controls many nodes in the network). 44 Figure 9.12  Network Virtualization 45  There are many network infrastructures deployed, consisted of interconnected network nodes (e.g., switches, routers) and network hosts (e.g., servers, databases).  All networks converge to Internet technologies (e.g., NGN) which provide possibility for innovation due to their openness for development of new applications without changing the underlying network architecture (in traditional best-effort Internet and NGN) as well as to add new services by using existing functions in the network for QoS, mobility, and security support (in NGN, but not in best-effort Internet).  Figure 9.10 46  Network Virtualization 47  Conceptual architecture for network virtualization is shown in Figure 9.10.  It consists of multiple interconnected LINPs, where each LINP is built from multiple virtual resources. In this approach each physical resource may have multiple virtual instances, so it can be shared among multiple LINPs.