Topic 15 - PPE.pptx

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) MOHD FAZLIE ABDUL RASHID Radiation Safety & Health Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency Tel: 03-89112000 ext 1142 Fax: 03-89112156 Email: [email protected] Content • Introduction • List of PPE • Measuring devices • PPEs against External Radiation • PPEs to protect a...

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) MOHD FAZLIE ABDUL RASHID Radiation Safety & Health Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency Tel: 03-89112000 ext 1142 Fax: 03-89112156 Email: [email protected] Content • Introduction • List of PPE • Measuring devices • PPEs against External Radiation • PPEs to protect against Internal Radiation • Contamination control barriers • ‘Anti-contamination’ clothing • Contamination control point • Summary 2 Introduction • PPE includes clothing or other special equipment that is issued to individual workers to provide protection against actual or potential exposure to ionizing radiations. • It is used to protect each worker against the prevailing risk of external or internal exposure in circumstances in which it is not reasonably practicable to provide complete protection by means of engineering controls or administrative methods. • Adequate personal protection depends on PPE being correctly selected, fitted and maintained 3 • Appropriate training for the users and arrangements to monitor usage are also necessary to ensure that PPE provides the intended degree of protection effectively. • Different PPE may be used to protect against external and internal exposures • Protective clothing may be designed to shield large areas of the wearer’s body or individual organs, such as the eyes, against external irradiation. 4 • However, protective clothing and equipment is more frequently used to prevent radioactive substances either making direct contact with or entering the body and delivering internal exposures. • Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is intended to prevent the inhalation of radioactive substances which would result in radiation doses to the lungs and other organs • Use only PPE that meet NIOSH/ANSI (American National Standards Institute) or equivalent standards • PPE should be used only after administrative and/or engineering controls fail to achieve an acceptable level of worker protection and safety. 5 List of PPE • Personal dosimeters • Half-face Respirator &Cartridge • Full-face Respirator & Cartridge • Disposal Coveralls (Tyvex/Tychem) • Cover Shoes • Lead Apron • Lead Glass Goggle • Lead Collar • Lead Gown • Lead Sleeve • Lead-lined Gloves • Rubber Gloves • Latex/Vynil Gloves • Long Tongs • Contamination Survey Meter • External Radiation Survey Meter • • • • • • • • • Laboratory Coats Coveralls Goggles Safety Helmet Safety Helmet with Ear Muffs Hood Cap Ear Plugs etc. 6 Measuring Devices • PPE should include a measuring device to concern about exposure to penetrating ionizing radiation. • Direct-reading personal radiation dosimeters may be used to monitor radiation dose and can help workers stay within recommended Dose Limits for Emergency Workers. • Direct-reading dosimeters should be worn so that a worker can easily see the read-out and/or hear warning alarms. 7 Personal protective Equipment and Devices • Measuring Devices • External Radiation (Dose rate) survey meter • Contamination survey meter • Personal dosimeters 8 Dose Rate and Contamination Survey Meter • Used for general radiation monitoring applications • Could be based on Geiger-Müller (GM) detectors, proportional counters, ionization chambers or solid state detectors, Scintillation detector (sodiumiodine crystals) • Contamination measurements usually require calibration for specific radionuclide 9 Survey Meter Geiger-Müller (GM) Detector Surface Probe Area Probe 10 Personal Dosimeters • Types: • Passive: TLD or film body badges • Active: Pocket ion chamber and electronic pocket dosimeters • None of the above dosimeters can detect low energy beta emitters • Passive dosimeters cannot be used for contamination surveys • Alarms and turn back values 11 Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters - TLD Filters Chips 12 Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dosimeter • The detector material used is Aluminum oxide doped with Carbon (Al2O3:C). • The OSLD is exposed to green light by OSLD reader and emitted blue light. • Amount of light is proportional to dose. OSL badge OSL holder OSL filters Radiophotoluminescent (RPL) Dosimeter • Glass Detector material – A silver activated phosphate glass. • Store the energy from radiation until the glass is exposed to ultraviolet light, at which time the energy is released in the form of yellow light. • A fluorimeter is used to measure the light output. Glass element Holder Filters Al, Cu, Sn Pocket Ion Chambers - PIC • Must be charged before use • Must be set to zero before use • Radiation exposure causes discharge • Read by looking at the hairline indicator against scale • No permanent record 18 Electronic Personal Dosimeter • Similar to PIC • Reads dose or dose rate • Alarms for dose or dose rate • No permanent record 19 PPEs against External Radiation • Protection against external exposure may be achieved by using a combination of shielding and distance. • Example:• • • • • • Lead Apron, Lead Glove, etc Lead Glass Goggle Lead Collar Lead Gown Lead Sleeve Tong / Long Tong 20 • Protection against external exposure may be achieved by using a combination of shielding and distance. • Lead aprons, gloves and other are use as shields to against penetrating of external radiations • However, these lead aprons, gloves are ineffective against the more penetrating primary X rays & gamma radiations (E above 100 keV) 21 • Lead aprons, lead gloves, lead glass goggle, etc • Distance between the source and workers can be maintained by using tongs PPEs to protect against Internal Radiation • Protection against internal exposure is achieved by containing radioactive substances and/or preventing their dispersal, to avoid causing contamination or entering the body • Example :• • • • • • • • • Latex Gloves Cotton Gloves Overalls/Working cloth Shoe Covers Vinyl Gloves Hood Half-face Respirator / Full-face Respirator & Cartridge Disposal Coveralls (Tyvex/Tychem) etc. 25 Contamination Control Barriers • External • prevent contamination of the skin • help minimize the spread of contamination • do not provide protection against external exposure • Internal • prevent contamination from entering the body • require specialized equipment 26 ‘Anti Contamination’ Clothing External Barriers = Anti-C’s • Latex Gloves • Overalls • Disposal overalls • Shoe Covers • Vinyl Gloves • Hood • etc 27 ‘Anti Contamination’ Clothing • Protective gear to prevent:• contamination radioactive contamination on the surface of the body • inhalation of the radioactive materials 28 Internal Barriers = Respirators • Dust filters • Half-face respirator • Full-face respirator • Self contained breathing apparatus • Air Supplied Hoods 29 Donning Anti-Contamination Clothing Demonstration and Drill • There are three layers of protection • First layer: gloves and overshoes • Second layer: cotton overall, second gloves and overshoes, cotton hood, passive dosimeter • Third layer: plastic overall, third gloves and overshoes, respirator (mask) and direct reading dosimeter 30 Donning Anti C’s: 1st Layer 1 3 5 2 1st layer is complete 4 31 Donning Anti C’s: 2nd Layer 6 7 32 Donning Anti C’s: 2nd Layer (cont’d) 9b 8 9a 33 Donning Anti C’s: 2nd Layer (cont’d) 11 10a 10b 34 Donning Anti C’s: 2nd Layer (cont’d) 12a 12b View after step 12 35 Donning Anti C’s: 2nd Layer (cont’d) 13a 13b 2nd layer is complete 36 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer 14a 14b 14c View after step 14 37 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 16 15a View after step 16 15b 38 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 17 View after step 18 18 39 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 19a 19c 19b 40 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 20 21 41 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 23 22 42 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer 24a 24b (cont’d) 43 Donning Anti C’s: 3rd Layer (cont’d) 25 44 Donning Anti C’s Overview • First Layer • Second Layer • Attach dosimeters • Third Layer • Put on respirator • Attach alarm dosimeter 45 Worker with Anti C’s PPE 46 Accident Scene Set-up Command Post Vehicle marshalling area Reception Area for Response Personnel Media Reception Area wind Staging Area Outer cordoned area Safety Perimeter Inner cordoned area Medical response base Access Control Point at 100 uSv/h Decontamination area Radiological Assessor base CONTROL POINT Security Perimeter 47 Contamination Control Point Renew Air Supply (BA) STATION 4 CLEAN LINE STATION 1 Disposal of equipment STATION 2 Shower STATION 3 Undressing/Dressing (gloves & overshoes) STATION 5 Undressing (LAYER-3) STATION 6 Undressing (LAYER-2) STATION 7 Final Check (LAYER-1) DIRTY LINE 48 Removing Anti-C’s • Remove Anti-C’s in the following order • • • • • • • Outer overshoes Outer gloves Direct reading dosimeter Inner overshoes Inner overalls Respirator Inner gloves 49 Removing Anti-C’s: 3rd Layer 3 50 Removing Anti-C’s: 3rd Layer 5b 5a 6 51 Removing Anti-C’s: 3rd 8a Layer 8b 52 Removing Anti-Cs: 2nd Layer 14a 14b 14c 53 Removing Anti-Cs: 1st Layer 18 15 You are free to go 54 PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING CONTAMINATED GLOVES • Gloves are the most likely form of PPE to become contaminated • Gloves are removed by a special technique to avoid transferring contamination to other surfaces. 55 Summary • Personal protective equipment protects the worker from both external and internal contamination • The presence of radiation can be detected only through radiation monitoring • A Control Point has always to be set up 56 MOHD FAZLIE ABDUL RASHID Radiation Safety & Health Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency Tel: 03-89112000 ext 1142 Fax: 03-89112156 Email: [email protected] TERIMA KASIH! THANK YOU!