Rural Community PDF

Topic 13 RURAL COMMUNITY A term rural – is applied to any barrio or sitio where people earn their livelihood through agriculture, fishing, and household industries. Gemeinschaft – a small traditional community characterized by close, intimate, ove...

Topic 13 RURAL COMMUNITY A term rural – is applied to any barrio or sitio where people earn their livelihood through agriculture, fishing, and household industries. Gemeinschaft – a small traditional community characterized by close, intimate, overlapping, and stable relationship (primary group). Poblacon – it the major town of the municipality Community – a social organization that is territorially localized and through w/c its member satisfies most their daily needs and deal w/ most of their common problem (Olsen,1968:91) - A group of people in an area or territory with a sense of interrelatedness or social interaction and sharing common ties or bond (Martindale, 1984:11). - A social group w/ some degree of “we feeling” living in a given area. Important characteristics of Rural Philippine Barrio (Generoso Rivera) 1. Usually have small population and a wider geographical area than in urban community. 2. Population density is low 3. Relationship are personal and intimate 4. There are smaller neighborhood units known as sitio and purok or barangay w/c represent cohesive units within the barrio. 5. With a population of not more than one thousand based on the census of the Philippines. Regardless of classification as barrio or municipality, a community may be sociologically considered rural as follows: 1. Developed patterns of intimacy and mutual helpfulness ex. Bayanihan 2. The population is small enough to promote primary group interaction 3. The economy is characterized by such occupation as agriculture, fishing and forestry. Neighborliness – every individual is close to his neighbor, his contact is intimate, personal and meaningful. Animistic belief – the belief that all objects are endowed with dwelling souls. Its essence is a belief that all of life is a part of the divine order, in the same sense in which people are part of the order. The fiesta – is an annual celebration in honor of the patron Saint. - Promotes interpersonal communication beyond the community boundary - It is the time when friends, relatives from other places return to barrio, renew the old ties, and bring in the news and gossip from the outside world Rural Formal Organization Community Rural Family Rural health  Extremely high incidence of diseases is high like tuberculosis, beriberi, malaria and skin diseases.  Lack of sanitation and hygienic practices, aggravated by the inadequate water supply for home use.  Inadequacy of facilities to meet the needs of the rural population.  Nowadays, there are many barangay that don’t have doctor, dentist or nurse. This condition is due to may causes; 1. Inadequate income from medical practice in the barrio where the patients often do not pay in cash but in kind or sometimes not at all. 2. Lack of medical and laboratory facilities 3. Attitudes of rural folks who place much faith in quack doctors and superstitious beliefs regarding health treatment and practice. Traditional Medical Personnel 1. Hilot – untrained midwifes who assist at childbirth 2. Herbolario – uses a number of herbs in treating an ailment 3. Manghihilot – massage specialist, supposedly skilled in working with sprains (piang). 4. Baylan – credited as having special capacity to deal with evil spirits. Rural education Rural government Rural religion Settlement Patterns - Settlement patterns show the man-land relationship w/c intervenes b/n the natural environment and social structure related to the social life of the folks. 1. Nucleated type  Poblacion – people are engage in intensive wet rice agriculture.  Large communities with few surrounding “sitios”  Segmented lineal communities – common in wet rice areas or along national roads and rivers.  Plantation camps and relocation center.  Datu-centered pattern – small groupings centered around the mosque. 2. Dispersed type  Residences are some distance apart but they share common communities.  Cluster of sitios where residence are dispersed throughout the field  Scattered sitios, a dispersed settlement where the inhabitants engage in dry upland farming centering around the cultivation of corn and coconut. URBAN COMMUNITY Urbanization – is a way of life involving a large settlement with a very dense population, many members of which are not food producers? Ecology – the systematic relationship between organisms and environment. Gesellschaft – society characterized by rational pursuit of self-interest, impersonal attachment, efficiency and progress (secondary group) City – relatively large dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous (Louis Wirht 1971). A geographic area designated a special name, comparing a large aggregation of people engage in non-agriculture pursuit and recognized by its inhabitants and its chartering authority as a city (Maltindale and Iverson 1984;41). Characteristics of a City  High density in population  District street pattern   Non-agricultural occupation  Presence of public and economic establishment Culture in Urban Communities  High density in population  Heterogeneous in nature  Complex social structure with influence to the social behavior and the values of their inhabitants. Characteristics of urban life (Louis Wirht)  Impersonalism or impersonal relationship  Secondary relationship  High degree in culture heterogeneity  Decline of extended family  Extreme division of labor Ecology and urban community  Human arranges his community according to his ecological characteristics, however when he/she was already established in a given area, he/she is bound to modify the physical features according to its demographic economic, political and religious needs.  Urban ecology is concerned not only with urban spatial arrangement but also with the process that create and reinforce these arrangements.  Ecological processes are the direct expression of the constant competition observed among human beings, between services and physical structures for advantageous positions. Ecological Processes are affected by the following: 1. Geographical factors – include climate, topography of the land and types of resources in the area. Climate – region particular weather patterns or conditions. Topography – feature in an area of land such as mountains, rivers, lake etc. 2. Cultural factors – this affects the moral attitudes of the population that in turn affect their distribution. 3. Economic factors – this affects the nature and organization of labor, local industries, occupational distribution, and standard of living. 4. Political and administrative policies and measures – these govern taxation, laws or migration and the use of utilities. Three basic Ecological Processes 1. Aggregation – this is the distribution of inhabitants of a given area into a characteristic demographic structure. - It refers to the population composition of a given area. - Ex. New wed couple or old people do not want to stay in a crowded and noise places. 2. Competition – the basic organizing process binds human beings and inanimate nature in the struggle for existence. - As a result of competitive struggle men distribute themselves functionally over the landscape and organize themselves into groups through communication (Ericksen1954:1731,74). - As the result of the competition, the rich comes to occupy the most expensive land areas. 3. Dominance – this refers to the controlling position of one or more humans or functions among competing or collaborating elements  - It generally involves the survival of the fittest depending upon in the economic, social, political, geographical, and technological factors. Six Secondary Ecological Processes 1. Concentration – refers to the increase of population at certain geographical centers. - Aggregation of people in a large region the can be measured by the density of the population. - It is the by-product of natural increase and migration. - As a result of ecological dominance, people are predisposed to settle in a particular region because of the presence of better transportation facilities and communication. 2. Dispersion – this is the process which makes the population of a given area move out because of mobility. - The concentration in certain areas lead to the dispersion of other areas. 3. Centralization – the tendency of the basic institution is to place themselves at the center of transportation and communication. 4. Segregation – refers to the predisposition of certain units to form into clusters which tend to be homogeneous in economic strength and in terms of like and dislikes. - This process leads peoples geographically and socially separated because of economic, social, religious political and racial factors. Ex. Chinatown 5. Invasion – this is the process by which groups are displaced because of the changed of land use and occupants. - This sis the gradual penetration of the new types of population and institutions of an area that displaces the original occupants and changes land classification. 6. Succession – when invasion has resulted in the complete change in occupants, land use and structures it is called succession. - Complete transformation of the rural areas to urbanized areas and give way to new modern subdivision and business enterprises. The Theories of Urban Growth/Land Use 1. Concentric Circle Theory B. Multiple Nuclei Theory 3 22222 11 2 1 3 2 7 4 6 3 8 Zone1. Central Business Center – 9  A. Concentric Circle Theory B. Multiple Nuclei Theory Zone1. Downtown or central business zone – 1. Central business center the most crowded area 2. Wholesale light manufacturing 3. Low-class residential Zone2. The zone in transition – residents in 4. Medium-class residential this area are generally poor characterized by 5. High-class residential moral and physical deterioration 6. Heavy manufacturing 7. Outlaying business center Zone3. Workers’ home – residents of the 8. Residential suburb skilled and semi-skilled workers and low 9. Industrial suburb salaried employees who lived near their place of work. Zone4. Residential zone – where the upper and the upper middle class live in a single dwelling units owned by the occupants. Zone5. Commuter’s zone – not part of the city proper and often called as suburban or satellite areas. Residents of the upper class, houses are generally large w/ distinct architectural styles. C. Sector Nuclei Theory – proposed by Homer Hoyt as modification of the commercial circle theory which asserts that geographical factors and man-made factors like transportation routes produce sectors in wedge shapes extending outward from the center of the city. - This theory refutes partly the concentric theory in the sense that the zone in transition is located outside the zone and not completely around it, and the manufacturing and wholesale areas expand from the city center out of the metropolitan area following transportation route (Abrahanson 1976:67). - High rent and high-income portion of the city tend to be the outer fringe of one or more sectors of the society and low rents extends from the center to the periphery. - City growth is affected by the outward movement of the higher rent areas which in turn is determined by the geographical factors and travel routes (Mac, 1973:256-257).