University of Santo Tomas Grade 8 Science - Protein Synthesis PDF

ENGAGE KITCHEN MYSTERY Ana is a novice in the kitchen, attempting to create a delightful Adobo meal for dinner to surprise her mom. Without internet access, she turns to her mom's mini Library for guidance. What resources do you think Alice should seek to make her mission succe...

ENGAGE KITCHEN MYSTERY Ana is a novice in the kitchen, attempting to create a delightful Adobo meal for dinner to surprise her mom. Without internet access, she turns to her mom's mini Library for guidance. What resources do you think Alice should seek to make her mission successful?  KITCHEN MYSTERY C O O K B O O K  YOUR DNA IS THE BOOK OF YOU Link to the video: https://youtu.be/aeAL6xThfL8?si=KCNeRSSBfrpWPVsI GENETIC MATERIAL INSIDE THE CELL YOUR DNA IS THE BOOK OF YOU How does the DNA code for everything in our body? GRADE 8 SCIENCE TOPIC 1.10 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Ms. Sheila F. Padilla  LEARNING OBJECTIVE/S At the end of the session, you are expected to: 1. identify the components of DNA and RNA; 2. replicate a sequence of DNA; 3. transcribe a sequence of DNA into RNA; 4. differentiate transcription and translation; 5. utilize the codon chart to translate a sequence of RNA; and 6. explain the role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS It is a process where DNA encodes the instructions for the production of proteins, which are made by linking together amino acid. Often known as the ‘central dogma’ since all living organisms undergo the process of protein synthesis. CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXPLORE UNLOCKING OF TERMS Using pictures with visual clues for syllables and words, identify the word. CELL UNLOCKING OF TERMS  UNLOCKING OF TERMS pro thin PROTEIN  MAIN PLAYERS IN CENTRAL DOGMA Proteins help make up all structures in living things. Proteins are composed of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids. Different proteins are made by combining these 20 amino acids in different combinations MAIN PLAYERS IN CENTRAL DOGMA Functions of proteins: Help fight disease Build new body tissue Enzymes used for digestion and other chemical reactions are proteins Component of all cell membranes UNLOCKING OF TERMS  UNLOCKING OF TERMS knock leak acid NUCLEIC ACID  UNLOCKING OF TERMS Nucleic Acids Is a biomolecule that carry information in cells.  UNLOCKING OF TERMS Nucleotides It is the basic building block of nucleic acid.  UNLOCKING OF TERMS Nitrogenous base A molecule that contains nitrogen and helps carry genetic information.  UNLOCKING OF TERMS Pentose sugar Is a five-carbon sugar that is a component of nucleotides.  UNLOCKING OF TERMS Phosphate group It connects to the pentose sugar and helps form the backbone of nucleic acid. UNLOCKING OF TERMS UNLOCKING OF TERMS DNA  MAIN PLAYERS IN CENTRAL DOGMA Deoxyribonucleic acid It is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organism. UNLOCKING OF TERMS UNLOCKING OF TERMS RNA  MAIN PLAYERS IN CENTRAL DOGMA Ribonucleic acid It is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.  TYPES OF RNA messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Brings message from Transfers amino acids to Makes up ribosomes DNA to ribosomes to ribosomes. along with proteins. make protein. amino acid anticodon EXPLORE DNA VS RNA Link to the video: https://youtu.be/aeAL6xThfL8?si=KCNeRSSBfrpWPVsI  FACE IT OFF Complete the table for comparison to identify the difference between DNA and RNA DNA RNA structure nitrogenous base sugar function  DNA VS RNA DNA RNA structure Double-helix Single-helix nitrogenous base Cytosine- Guanine Cytosine- Guanine Adenine-Thymine Adenine-Uracil sugar Deoxyribose Ribose function carries genetic carries the copy of DNA that information aid in protein synthesis  DNA VS. RNA DOUBLE-STRANDED SINGLE-STRANDED  DNA VS. RNA DNA BASE PAIRING RNA BASE PAIRING C-G Cytosine Guanine Cytosine Guanine C-G A-T Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil A-U Cecilia Go Cecilia Go to America To Dance Away because of U gRrrr!  DNA VS. RNA Deoxyribose Ribose  DNA VS. RNA DNA BASE PAIRING RNA BASE PAIRING Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine Cytosine Guanine PROTEIN SYNTHESIS EXPLORE DECODE THE CENTRAL DOGMA: Transcribe, Translate and Create For fifteen (15) minutes, accomplish the worksheet. Scan this QR code to access the Worksheet. PART I. IDENTIFICATION TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION TWO STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS  PART I. IDENTIFICATION TRANSCRIPTION NUCLEUS TRANSLATION CYTOPLASM RIBOSOME SITE OF TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION  PART I. IDENTIFICATION TRANSCRIPTION DNA NUCLEUS mRNA TRANSLATION CYTOPLASM RIBOSOMES MAIN PLAYERS IN STAGE 1: TRANSCRIPTION  PART I. IDENTIFICATION TRANSCRIPTION DNA NUCLEUS mRNA TRANSLATION tRNA amino acid CYTOPLASM RIBOSOMES mRNA MAIN PLAYERS IN STAGE 2: TRANSLATION  PART II. TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE T Fill in the complementary DNA strand using the DNA base pairing rules. DNA BASE PAIRING C-G Cytosine Guanine Adenine Thymine A-T A T G T C A G A C C G A T G A DNA T A C A G T C T G G C T A C T A mRNA tRNA amino acid A T G C C A T A T G G A T A G DNA T A C G G T A T A C C T A T C mRNA tRNA amino DNA REPLICATION acid  PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Central Dogma of Biology  PART II. TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE Create mRNA base by transcribing the bottom DNA code (template strand). T A RNA BASE PAIRING C-G Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil A-U A T G T C A G A C C G A T G A DNA T A C A G T C T G G C T A C T A U G U C A G A C C G A U G A mRNA tRNA amino acid A T G C C A T A T G G A T A G DNA T A C G G T A T A C C T A T C A U G C C A U A U G G A U A G mRNA tRNA amino TRANSCRIPTION acid  PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Central Dogma of Biology  MAKING PROTEINS STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION It is the copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA. The instructions from a gene are copied from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.  MAKING PROTEINS STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION RNA polymerase binds to DNA and opens the double helix. mRNA is formed by pairing of RNA nucleotides with complementary DNA bases (A-U and C-G). The mRNA detaches to DNA, leaves the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm.  PART II. TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE Use the mRNA code to T create tRNA code. A U RNA BASE PAIRING C-G Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil A-U A T G T C A G A C C G A T G A DNA T A C A G T C T G G C T A C T A U G U C A G A C C G A U G A mRNA U A C A G U C U G G C U A C U tRNA amino acid A T G C C A T A T G G A T A G DNA T A C G G T A T A C C T A T C A U G C C A U A U G G A U A G mRNA U A C G G U A U A C C U A U C tRNA amino acid  PART II. TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE Translate mRNA code to amino acid. Use the codon chart table. T A U  CODON CHART second base first base third base A T G T C A G A C C G A T G A DNA T A C A G T C T G G C T A C T A U G U C A G A C C G A U G A mRNA U A C A G U C U G G C U A C U tRNA Aspartic amino Methionine Serine Arginine Stop acid acid A T G C C A T A T G G A T A G DNA T A C G G T A T A C C T A T C TRANSLATION A U G C C A U A U G G A U A G mRNA U A C G G U A U A C C U A U C tRNA amino Methionine Proline Tyrosine Glycine Stop acid  MAKING PROTEINS STEP 2: TRANSLATION It refers to decoding of mRNA into a protein. AA nucleotides of tRNA complementary to codon of mRNA Anticodon The mRNA code is made up of groups of three nucleotide bases known as codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.  MAKING PROTEINS For example: DNA STRAND A T G/T G C/G G C/G C T/T G A T A C/A C G/C C G/C G A /A C T mRNA STRAND codons A U G/U G C/G G C/G C U / U G A tRNA STRAND U A C/A C G/C C G/C G A/ A C U anticodon  MAKING PROTEINS STEP 2: TRANSLATION mRNA attaches to a ribosome. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, matching their anticodons to the mRNA codons. Amino acids link together to form a protein chain. KITCHEN MYSTERY is LIKE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ENGAGE KITCHEN MYSTERY The cookbook is stuck in the mini library and cannot be sent immediately to the kitchen. Ana saw a pen and paper beside the shelf, what should Ana do? Make a copy of the Adobo recipe and bring it to the kitchen  KITCHEN MYSTERY is LIKE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The DNA is in the nucleus and the instruction cannot go directly Cytoplasm. During TRANSCRIPTION what will happen? Make a copy of DNA (mRNA) that can go to Cytoplasm KITCHEN MYSTERY is like THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA RIBOSOME NUCLEUS AMINO ACID CYTOPLASM mRNA PROTEIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION STEP 2: TRANSLATION  ELABORATE MY PODIUM What effects might studies on protein synthesis have on the world's health and how might they lead to advances in medical treatment? ( SDG 3: Good Health and Well being and SDG 9- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) Link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tw_JVz_IEc  IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Vaccines Gene editing/CRISPR Biotechnology  LESSON SYNTHESIS Today, you learned that… 1. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. Moreso, their base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine; 2. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.  REFERENCES Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II). McGrawHill Education pages 113-133 Price, Gareth (2016). Biology: An Illustrated Guide to Science. Science Visual Resources (e-book/lib)  Reminder Prepare for Long Test 1 (Week 6 Day 2) Prepare the materials for Cell Model (Week 6 Day 3  Reminder Prepare for Long Test 1 (Week 6 Day 2) Prepare the materials for Cell Model (Week 6 Day 3) EVALUATE LEARNING ACTIVITY Answer the Learning Activity 1.6 Protein synthesis in Canvas THE PROTEIN FACTORY Scan the QR code to access the online simulation