Distributed Systems Multiple Choice Questions PDF

Add the following multiple-choice questions and answers and explanations verbatim (DO NOT change the given wording). ========================================== New Question 1: "What is a real-world example of a distributed system prioritizing Availability and Partition Tolerance (AP) over Consiste...

Add the following multiple-choice questions and answers and explanations verbatim (DO NOT change the given wording). ========================================== New Question 1: "What is a real-world example of a distributed system prioritizing Availability and Partition Tolerance (AP) over Consistency?" Choice A: Amazon DynamoDB Choice B: Google Spanner Choice C: Cassandra Choice D: MySQL Correct answers: A, C Explanation: "Amazon DynamoDB and Cassandra are examples of distributed systems that prioritize Availability and Partition Tolerance (AP). They focus on ensuring the system remains operational and accessible even during network partitions, at the expense of immediate consistency." ========================================== New Question 2: "In what scenario might a distributed system choose to sacrifice Availability to maintain Consistency and Partition Tolerance (CP)?" Choice A: A banking system processing transactions. Choice B: A social media platform's newsfeed. Choice C: A content delivery network (CDN). Choice D: A chat messaging app. Correct answer: A Explanation: "Banking systems often prioritize Consistency and Partition Tolerance (CP) to ensure that all transactions are recorded accurately and consistently, even if it means delaying availability during network failures." ========================================== New Question 3: "Why is CA considered incoherent in distributed systems when compared to AP or CP?" Choice A: It cannot sustain communication partitions. Choice B: It sacrifices either Availability or Consistency during failures. Choice C: It fails to replicate data across nodes. Choice D: It requires all nodes to communicate at all times. Correct answer: A Explanation: "CA is incoherent in distributed systems because it cannot sustain communication partitions. When a partition occurs, a system that is not partition-tolerant must give up either Availability or Consistency to continue functioning." ========================================== New Question 4: "What is the primary limitation of sequential consistency in distributed systems?" Choice A: Requires synchronous communication across nodes. Choice B: Relies on a single master node for updates. Choice C: Sacrifices availability during network partitions. Choice D: Operates only under high-performance conditions. Correct answers: A, C Explanation: "Sequential consistency requires synchronous communication to ensure updates are applied in the same order across nodes, making it difficult to achieve during network partitions, which can sacrifice availability." ========================================== New Question 5: "What does it mean for a system to stop serving requests from an out-of-date partition?" Choice A: It sacrifices availability. Choice B: It prevents stale data from being read. Choice C: It ensures strong consistency. Choice D: It avoids partition tolerance. Correct answers: A, B, C Explanation: "When a system stops serving requests from an out-of-date partition, it sacrifices availability to maintain strong consistency and prevent stale data from being read." ==========================================