Tinkercad components.pdf
Transcript
TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS THINGS TO REMEMBER to limit the Don't worry about the orientation of the resistor; flow of electric either way is fine....
TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS THINGS TO REMEMBER to limit the Don't worry about the orientation of the resistor; flow of electric either way is fine. current Higher resistances restrict current more, and the to reduce the less current LED receives, the less brightly it voltage shines. supplied LEDs, being diodes, will only allow current to flow in one direction. (Polarity) The positive side of the LED is called the "anode" and is marked by having a longer "lead," or leg. convert The other, negative side of the LED is called the electrical "cathode." energy directly If you connect an LED directly to a current source into light it will try to dissipate as much power as it's allowed to draw, and, like the tragic heroes of old, it will destroy itself. That's why it's important to limit the amount of current flowing across the LED. A switch can only exist in one of two states: open or closed. In the off state, a switch looks like an open gap in the circuit. This, in effect, looks like an to turn on and open circuit, preventing current from flowing. off the control In the on state, a switch acts just like a piece of circuit perfectly-conducting wire. A short. This closes the circuit, turning the system "on" and allowing current to flow unimpeded through the rest of the system. To use the potentiometer as a rheostat, only two pins are used: one outside pin and the center pin. manually The position of the wiper determines how much adjustable resistance the potentiometer is imposing to the variable circuit. resistor with three terminals as a rheostat (variable resistor) as voltage dividers To use the potentiometer as a voltage divider, all the three pins are connected. One of the outer pins TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS is connected to the GND, the other to Vcc and the middle pin is the voltage output. Ceramic Capacitors hold a smaller charge but also leak less current. They also happen to be the cheapest capacitor. Electrolytic Capacitors stores an small tin cans that can hold a massive electric electrical charge in their tiny footprint. charge only type of capacitor that is polarized, meaning voltage that they will only work when wired in a particular suppression orientation. Positive pin (longer) called the anode, signal filtering and a negative pin called the cathode. The anode always needs to be connected to a higher voltage. If you wire it up the other way around with the cathode getting a higher voltage, then prepare for an exploding cap! source of energy which Batteries don’t normally leak on their own. Leakage is provides a push most often caused by improper contact or by leaving - a voltage - of them in unused devices. If you notice chemical energy to get discharge, be sure not to touch it. Try removing the the current batteries with a paper towel or a toothpick. Dispose of flowing in a them at your nearest recycling point. circuit TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS Holes in the same row on a breadboard are called socket strips and electricity can flow through the row as these holes are connected to each other with for a conductive metal. prototyping in The vertical rails on the breadboard, called bus electronics strips, are also connected by a conductive metal; to build and they supply power to the circuit. test an early The power and ground should never be directly version of an connected to each other. Direct connection leads to electronic a short circuit. circuit Always connect the batteries (power supply) to your circuit last. This will give you a chance to double-check your connections on the breadboard before you turn on your circuit for the first time. open-source If you are powering your board from a battery or platform used power supply you must make sure that V+ goes to for building the VIN pin, and the Ground wire goes to the GND electronics pin. If you get this backwards, you are pretty much projects guaranteed to fry your board. a motor which A vibration motor has 2 terminals, usually a red vibrates when wire and a blue wire. The polarity does not matter given sufficient for motors. power DC motors take electrical power through direct DC motors normally have just two leads, one current, and positive and one negative. If you connect these two convert this leads directly to a battery, the motor will rotate. If energy into you switch the leads, the motor will rotate in the mechanical opposite direction. rotation. Do not drive the motor directly from Arduino board a pairing of pins. This may damage the board. Use a driver gear reducer Circuit or an IC. and ac or dc electrical motor TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS With a continuous rotation servo, you cannot control the exact position of the output shaft, only the speed and the direction. Wiring a servo motor is very easy because you only need to connect three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is typically red and needs to be connected to 5 V. angular or The ground wire is typically black or brown and linear position should be connected to the ground pin of the and for specific Arduino. When using a separate power supply, velocity, and connect the ground wire to both the Arduino and acceleration the power supply ground. The signal wire is typically yellow, orange, or white can be connected to any of the digital pins of the Arduino. If your motor(s) consume more than 300 mA you should use an external power supply to avoid damaging the Arduino! The NPN transistor is the most common of the Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT). But there is to control the another one called a PNP transistor that works the flow of power same way, just that all the currents are in the to another part opposite direction. of the circuit -- When choosing a transistor, the most important using it as an thing to keep in mind is how much current the electric switch transistor can support. This is called the Collector Current (IC). RGB LEDs have three internal LEDs (Red, Green, and Blue) that can be combined to produce almost LED package any color output. In order to produce different kinds that can of colors, we need to set the intensity of each produce almost internal LED and combine the three color outputs. any color If you face it so that its longest lead is second from the left, the leads should be in the following order: red, anode or cathode, green, and blue. Current passing through a diode can only go in one to control the direction, called the forward direction. Current direction of trying to flow the reverse direction is blocked. current-flow They're like the one-way valve of electronics. TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS Photoresistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are light sensitive devices most to indicate the often used to indicate the presence or absence of presence or light absence of light In the dark, their resistance is very high, sometimes to measure the up to 1 MΩ, but when the LDR sensor is exposed to light intensity light, the resistance drops dramatically, even down to a few ohms, depending on the light intensity. measures the Temperature fluctuation affects the speed of an distance to an ultrasonic sensor's sound waves. As temperature object using increases, the sound waves travel faster to and from ultrasonic the target. While the target may not have shifted, it sound waves will seem to the sensor that the target is closer. By changing the SENSITIVITY potentiometer, you to detect heat can reduce or increase the sensitivity of the sensor energy in the (clockwise increase), and also by changing TIME surrounding potentiometer the output delay after movement environment detection will be changed. they don't require an amplifier or other complex circuitry to drive them (consequently they aren't nearly as loud as a speaker and amplifier either!). generate basic When voltage is applied to the piezo it grows and beeps and tones shrinks in size, and by changing the voltage over time you can make the piezo change shape fast enough to create a pressure wave that your ears interpret as sound. to measure or Be careful of static electricity when handling them maintain a and make sure the power supply is connected up fixed correctly and is between 2.7 and 5.5V DC - so don't temperature in try to use a 9V battery! any device Both DC and AC voltage can be very dangerous. the ability to Even if you are not expecting to find both, you measure should always perform safety check when using a voltage, current multimeter by checking for the presence of both DC and resistance and AC voltages. TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS References: Arduino – DC Motor. (n.d.). https://www.tutorialspoint.com/arduino/arduino_dc_motor.htm Buckley, I. (2017). 10 Mistakes Not to Make as an Arduino Beginner. https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/arduino-beginner-mistakes/ Dahl, Y. (2021). How Transistors Work – A Simple Explanation. https://www.build-electronic- circuits.com/how-transistors-work/ DiCola, T. (n.d.). TMP36 Temperature Sensor. https://learn.adafruit.com/tmp36-temperature- sensor/using-a-temp-sensor DiCola, T. (n.d.). Using Piezo Buzzers with CircuitPython & Arduino. https://learn.adafruit.com/using-piezo-buzzers-with-circuitpython-arduino?view=all How to Build a Vibration Motor Circuit. (2018). http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Vibration-motor-circuit.php How to control servo motors with Arduino. (n.d.). https://www.makerguides.com/servo- arduino-tutorial/ How to Use A Multimeter Safely?. (2018). https://medium.com/@multimeterpro/how-to-use- multimeter-safely-3fe4bd418ce9 Jimblom. (n.d.). Button and Switch Basics. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/button-and- switch-basics/all Jimblom. (n.d.). Diodes. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/diodes/all Magoncia, J. (2019). How RGB LEDs work and how to control color. https://www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/how-rgb-leds-work-and-how-to-control-color Panasonic. (n.d.). Battery safety 101: what you should (and shouldn’t) do when using batteries. https://www.panasonic-batteries.com/en/news/battery-safety-101-what-you-should-and- shouldn%E2%80%99t-do-when-using-batteries Photoresistor. (n.d.). https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-types/photo-resistor/# PIR Motion Sensor: How to Use PIRs w/ Arduino & Raspberry Pi © GPL3+. (2019). https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/electropeak/pir-motion-sensor-how-to-use-pirs-w-arduino- raspberry-pi-18d7fa Prabhu, V. (2018). HOW TO USE A BREADBOARD. https://www.youngwonks.com/blog/How- To-Use-A-Breadboard Poole, N. (n.d.). Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/light- emitting-diodes-leds/all TINKERCAD BASIC COMPONENTS Reyes, A. (n.d.). http://www.energiazero.org/simulazioni/Intro%20thinkercad.pdf Santos, R. (2016). Electronics Basics – How a Potentiometer Works. https://randomnerdtutorials.com/electronics-basics-how-a-potentiometer-works/ Sattel, S. (2016). Everything You Need to Know About Capacitors. https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/everything-need-know-capacitors/ Shamieh, C. (2016). What Are Resistors Used For?. https://www.dummies.com/article/technology/electronics/general-electronics/what-are- resistors-used-for-141435 Ultrasonic Sensors 101: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. (n.d.). https://www.bannerengineering.com/my/en/company/expert-insights/ultrasonic-sensors- 101.html
