Timeline of Events PDF

Timeline of events Pre-1800 : world of resemblances societies...

Timeline of events Pre-1800 : world of resemblances societies similar distinct nations less prevalent : globally were more the concept of - , 1800s : late 1700s & 1800s Europe and North -Great Divergance : America economies surged in terms of wealth & tech advancement - Liberalism & Laissez-faire Capitalism : emphasis on human rights , democratic government , minimal government intervention in the market ; "invisible hand" -early 1800s : Britain begins taking colonies in South Africa 1815-1900 : British coal output incr14X sugar imports - ; incr11X ; Cotton imports incr 20 X - divergence in Britain's from rest of the World economy - 1830 : Britain utilizes 20-30 million "ghost acres" throughout its colonies , surpassing its total arable land of 17M acres - 1839-1842 : first Opium War ; Western nations , specifically Britain demonstrate military superiority against China ; lead to unequal treaties & erosion ofChinese sovereignity 1839-1876 : Tanzimat reforms ; Ottoman Empire tried to modernize military & promote Western style schools - - 1840-1850 : Britain embraces free trade ; contributes to their global influence 1833 1854 Perry expeditions to US displays their naval power forcing it to Open trade - : , Japan ; to Japan , - 1861-1895 : self-strengthening movement in China ; modernize military , hire European military officers , import Western machinery ; 1864-1876 : first international communist meeting - 1868 : Meji restoration ; restoration of imperial rule in Japan ; reforms to modernize & Westernize country ; 1870-1914 : second industrial revolution - 1871 : Germany is unified as a nation-state and Empire 1882 : US passes the Chinese Exclusion Act restricting immigration from - , China - 1884-1885 : Berlin Conference ; European powers peacefully divide up Africa in , demonstrating cooperation managing imperial interests ; 1886 : The Congo Independant state under King Leopold - 1885 : Canada passes the Chinese Immigration Act, imposing head tax on Chinese immigrants 1888 GermanyColonizes German South West Namibia , Creating Africa ; Germany - : Colonizes Narau - 1890 : Alfred Mahan publishes the Influence of Sea Power Upon History , arguing for the importance of naval dominance for national power 1890-1900 : Germany launches Weltpolitik aggressive foreign policy aimed empires - , a more at challenging the other ↳ Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz becomes German Naval minister and begins a vast naval build up, inspired by Mahan's theories ; challenges other empires (Britain) e naval arms race btwn them - 1893-1915 : Ghani in South Africa experiences discrimination be the country had policies to control borders & select desireable immigrants ; 1896 : "The Jewish State" published > - argentina or palestine - 1897 : "Natan Formula" implemented ; English language test used to restrict immigration , particularly targeting non Europeans 1900s : - early 1900s : the Analo-German naval race motivates all imperial powers to build up their navies , armies ↳ destabalizes Europe 1908 : Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina escalates tension in region ; Belgium buys Congo free state - ; - 1911-1913 : the Balkan Wars ; Ottoman Empire expelled from Europe by Coalition of Balkan states ↳ Balkan States fouant amongst themselves over the newly acquired territories > - growing instability in Europe June 28 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Wife Sophie - , : Austria & his by Bosnian Serb nationalist - Austria-Hungary demanded Austrian oversight of Serbia's internal security Serbia rejects ultimatum & relies on Russia's support -July Crisis of 1914 : Germany pledges support to Austria-Hungary ↳ Russia mobilizes troops & draws in France & Britain -July 28 1914-1918 : WW1 - causes : - Anglo-German rivlary : naval arms race btwn Britain & Germany > - tension & instability in Europe alliance system meant conflict btun escalates wider - : complex Web of European alliances 2 - decline of Ottoman empire : created power vaccum in Ballians as European powers competed for territorial influence - key themes : expectation of short conflict Germany expectedSwift victory - ; over France colonial troops involvement of racial soldiers from European colonies > - challenged racial hierarchy - : - globalization : Britain used its power over infrastructure of globalization to isolate Germany ↳ impact : triple encentre (Britain France , Russia) and their allies - , win Collapse of Ottoman Empire , Austro-Hungarian Empire , German Empire , Russian Empire - - stricter border control across Europe -> passport 1915 poison gas used for first time warfare - : in - 1917 : - Zimmerman Telegraph intercepted e Germany tried to divert us' attention into conflict w/ Mexico e us declare war against nov : Germany - Bolshevik revolution : led by Lenin & Leon Trotsky seized power in Petrograd - one party state & Socialist policies - 1918-1922 : Civil war in Russia ; "Reds" (Bolsheviks) us "Whites" (anti-Bolsheviks : liberals , esavist loyalists) -> Bolsheviks won ↳ led to Soviet Union - first socialist state ; 1918 : Spanish flu outbreak ; 1918-1919 : German revolution - 1919 : - Paris peace conference : promotes Wilsonian idea of the nation state & negotiate peace after WW1 ↳ failed to address colonized ppl's concerns > - anti colonial protests & revolutions surian national congress called for creation of unified nation state - - 1920s : - W E B.. Du Bois advocates for African Americans to disaffiliate w/ us and ally w/ colonized world League of Nations Mandate system established + NHO Great powers withdrew - - Zionist settlement incre Britain favoured Zionist goals e Palestinian national consciousness - 1922 : Nansen passport created to give stateless ppl identification - - Mussolini & fascist party take control of Italy after Blackshirts Rome - march on - 1923 : 65 , 000 Jews immigrated to Palestine from Europe Since 1904 ↳ Britain favoured zionists , facilitating Jewish immigration ; 1924 : Stalin comes to power - 1929 : Wall Street Crash e global depression of 1930s ↳ causes : - war debts & reparations cycle e instability in global financial system ; heavily imposed on Germany of framework for managing global economy - absence - governments reacted to crash w/ laissez-faire ↳ consequences : - 1930 Smoot-Hawley Act : US incr tariffs on imported goods e triggered tariffs from other countries abandonment of free trade - - fascism & communism gained appeal severly impacted Germany Italy Japan economies -> pursue autarky - , , 1933 : Nazi party ascends to power - - 1936-1939 : The Great Revolt : Palestinian uprising against British rule & Zionist settlement ↳ supressed I full on Palestinian population ; 1937-1945 : Second Sino-Japanese was - 1938 : Nazi power releases "Aryan" family ; annexes Austria - 1939-1945 : WW2 - causes : rise of totalitarian regimes Germany Italy - in , , Japan - 1931 Mukden Incident - Japan attack railway in China - aggressive expansionist campaign in Asia ↳ 1941 Japan attack on Hawaii naval base - US enters conflict - Japan attack other Us & Britain's colonies in Pacific - 1939 Germany invades Poland ; promotes Britain & France to declare war ↳ key takeaways : - war was imperial conflict , driven by Axis (Germany, Italy Japan) desire , to challenge imperial order - 1941-1945 : Holocaust 1940 Tripartite Pact by Germany, Italy - , Japan ↳ consequences : cold war btwn us & Soviet Unione the two superpowers - - UN end of empires - 1943 Bengal famine - : 1947-1948 Civil war btwn zionists& Palestine ; zionists - : won 4 Israel state declared in May 1948 4 700 , 000 Palestinians became refugees