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Technology in Action Alan Evans • Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Twelfth Edition Global Edition Technology in Action Chapter 5 System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Understanding System Software • Operating System Fundamentals • What the Operating System D...
Technology in Action Alan Evans • Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Twelfth Edition Global Edition Technology in Action Chapter 5 System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Understanding System Software • Operating System Fundamentals • What the Operating System Does • The Boot Process: Starting Your Computer Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-3 Operating System Fundamentals Objectives 1. What software is included in system software? 2. What are the different kinds of operating systems? 3. What are the most common operating systems? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-4 What the Operating System Does Objectives 4. How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer? 5. How does the operating system help manage resources such as the processor, memory, storage, hardware, and peripheral devices? 6. How does the operating system interact with application software? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-5 The Boot Process: Starting Your Computer Objective 7. How does the operating system help the computer start up? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-6 Understanding System Software Operating System Fundamentals • Two basic types of software Application software System software • Operating system fundamentals Multitasking Networking capabilities Categorized by type of device they are installed in Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-7 Understanding System Software Operating System Fundamentals • Operating System is a group of programs that controls how your computer functions. • OS consists of two main types of programs: The Operating System Utility programs (housekeeping: system maintenance, compression, etc.) • The OS: Manages computer hardware including CPU, memory, storage and peripherals Coordinates how applications and CPU work together Is responsible for managing and scheduling tasks Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-8 Understanding System Software Operating System Fundamentals • Categorized by device they are installed in: Robots Mainframes Network computers Mobile devices Personal computers Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-9 Understanding System Software Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) • For machinery that performs repetitive tasks in an exact amount of time • Referred to as “embedded systems” • Requires minimum user interaction • Designed for the need of the devices • Devices such TV sky cameras, cars and medical equipment use RTOS Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-10 Understanding System Software Mainframes & Network OSs • Manages multiples users & multitasking • Manages network peripherals • Examples: Windows Server, Linux and Unix Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-11 Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Computers • Top three operating systems Windows Mac OS X Linux (open source) • Windows 8 optimized for touch screen • Cloud-based OS • An OS is designed to run on a specific CPU (single, dual cores, etc.) • Most applications are OS dependent Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-12 Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Mobile Devices • Android is dominant • Allows multitasking (talking & checking email, etc.) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-13 What the Operating System Does OS—Coordinates and directs the flow of data and information Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-14 What the Operating System Does The User Interface • Enables user to interact with the computer • Types of interfaces Command-driven interface Menu-driven interface Graphical user interface (GUI) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-15 What the Operating System Does Processor Management • Performs multiple tasks at once • Arranges execution of activities • Assigns time to activity • Switches among processes (millions of times a second) • Handles events (interrupt handler) • Events are like keystroke, mouse click, single to printer Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-16 What the Operating System Does Processor Management • Preemptive multitasking: Processes high priority tasks such as printing Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-17 What the Operating System Does Virtual Memory • RAM—limited capacity (most have 4-16 GB) • Full RAM—Unused Instructions are stored on hard drive (swapping) • Borrowing drive space is called virtual memory • Increase RAM to avoid using virtual memory Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-18 The Boot Process: Starting the Computer • The boot process loads the operating system into RAM Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-19 Using System Software • The Windows Interface • Organizing Your Computer: File Management • Utility Programs Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-20 The Windows Interface Objective 8. What are the main features of the Windows interface? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-21 Organizing Your Computer: File Management Objective 9. How does the operating system help me keep my computer organized? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-22 Utility Programs Objective 10.What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-23 The Windows Interface • Windows 8 For laptops, phones, and tablets Three ways to accomplish tasks • Using a mouse • Touching the screen • Using keystrokes Start screen • Large type with clean, readable block images • Personalized Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-24 The Windows Interface • Mac OS X and Windows Not compatible Similar in functionality • Linux Most interfaces are based on familiar Windows and OS X paradigms Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-25 Organizing Your Computer: File Management • Additional function of the operating system • Organizational structure • Hierarchical directory structure Folders Libraries (ex: documents) Drives(ex: C: drive) • Root directory Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-26 Organizing Your Computer: File Management Naming Files • File name—uniquely identified • Extension, or file type • Naming conventions • Up to 255 characters Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-27 Organizing Your Computer: File Management Working with Files • File explorer Main tool to finding, viewing and managing contents of your computer • File management actions Open Copy Move Rename Delete Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. • Search for files • Viewing Details view Large icon view 5-28 Utility Programs • Incorporated into operating system Firewall and file-compression utilities Antivirus and security programs Freeware (free software like Adobe Reader and Skype) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-29 Utility Programs File Compression Utilities • Make a large file more compact • Easier and faster to send files • Built-in file compression (Winzip) • See Page 220 for how compression works Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-30 Utility Programs System Maintenance Utilities • Disk Cleanup Removes unnecessary files in recycle bin and temporary files • Error-checking Checks for lost files, fragments, and physical errors in hard desk File allocation table (FAT) can refer (index) files that no longer exist or have been moved Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-31 Utility Programs System Maintenance Utilities • Task Manager Checks programs that are nonresponsive Lists all programs you are using and give their status Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-32 Utility Programs Accessibility Utilities • Ease of Access Center For users with special needs Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-33 Check Your Understanding 1. What software is included in system software? 2. What are the different kinds of operating systems? 3. What are the most common operating systems? 4. How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-34 Check Your Understanding 5. How does the operating system help manage resources such as the processor, memory, storage, hardware, and peripheral devices? 6. How does the operating system interact with application software? 7. How does the operating system help the computer start up? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-35 Check Your Understanding 8. What are the main features of the Windows interface? 9. How does the operating system help me keep my computer organized? 10.What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 5-36 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
