Thermodynamics Problem Sheet 1 PDF

**Chapter 1 -- Introduction to Thermodynamics** **EXAMPLE 1: Absolute Pressure of a Vacuum Chamber** A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 5.8 psi at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber. A diagram of a graph Description automa...

**Chapter 1 -- Introduction to Thermodynamics** **EXAMPLE 1: Absolute Pressure of a Vacuum Chamber** A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 5.8 psi at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber. A diagram of a graph Description automatically generated  Fig 1. The pressure of a fluid at rest increases with depth because of added weight. **EXAMPLE 2: Measuring Atmospheric Pressure with a Barometer** Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the barometric reading is 740 mmHg, and the gravitational acceleration is *g =* 9.805 m/s^2^. Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10°C, at which its density is 13,570 kg/m^3^. **Problem 1-1:** A 3-kg plastic tank that has a volume of 0.2 m^3^ is filled with liquid water. Assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m^3^, determine the weight of the combined system. **Problem 1-2:** Consider an alcohol and a mercury thermometer that read exactly 0°C at the ice point and 100°C at the steam point. The distance between the two points is divided into 100 equal parts in both thermometers. Do you think these thermometers will give exactly the same reading at a temperature of, say, 60°C? Explain. **Problem 1-*3:*** Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy at 20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems are brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer between the two systems. **Problem 1-4:** Steam enters a heat exchanger at 300 K. What is the temperature of this steam in °F? **Problem 1-5:** The temperature of a system rises by 130°C during a heating process. Express this rise in temperature in kelvins. **Problem 1-6:** The maximum safe air pressure of a tire is typically written on the tire itself. The label on a tire indicates that the maximum pressure is 35 psi (gage). Express this maximum pressure in kPa. **Problem 1-7:** A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 50 psi at a location where the barometric reading is 29.1 in Hg. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank. Take ρHg = 848.4 lbm/ft^3^. **Problem 1-8:** A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 500 kPa at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 94 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank. **Problem 1-9:** Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas tank to measure its pressure. If the reading on the pressure gage is 80 kPa, determine the distance between the two fluid levels of the manometer if the fluid is (*a*) mercury (*ρ* = 13,600 kg/m^3^) or (*b*) water (*ρ* = 1000 kg/m^3^). A diagram of a gas cylinder Description automatically generated **Fig 2. P1--61** **Problem 1--10:** A mercury manometer (*ρ* = 13,600 kg/m^3^) is connected to an air duct to measure the pressure inside. The difference in the manometer levels is 30 mm, and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. (*a*) Judging from Fig 3. P1--65, determine if the pressure in the duct is above or below the atmospheric pressure. (*b*) Determine the absolute pressure in the duct.  Fig 3. P1-65 **Problem 1--11:** Hyperthermia of 5°C (i.e., 5°C rise above the normal body temperature) is considered fatal. Express this fatal level of hyperthermia in (*a*) K, (*b*) °F, and (*c*) R.