Therapeutic Question Bank PDF

"ً ‫ﺼﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻏﯿﺮك ﺷﯿﺌﺎ‬ ً ‫ "اﻟﻠﮭﻢ اﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﻟًﺤﺎ واﺟﻌﻠﮫ ﻟﻮﺟﮭﻚ ﺧﺎﻟ‬1) Indication of active assisted range of motion exercise? Indications: Weak muscles that cannot move against gravity (less than grade 3 strength). To increase joint range of motion...

"ً ‫ﺼﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻏﯿﺮك ﺷﯿﺌﺎ‬ ً ‫ "اﻟﻠﮭﻢ اﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﻟًﺤﺎ واﺟﻌﻠﮫ ﻟﻮﺟﮭﻚ ﺧﺎﻟ‬1) Indication of active assisted range of motion exercise? Indications: Weak muscles that cannot move against gravity (less than grade 3 strength). To increase joint range of motion. For functional activities of daily living. During the subacute stage of tissue healing with caution. After removal of a plaster cast. As a method of muscle re-education. Post tendon or muscle transplantation. 2) How to determine the proper weight for Progressive Resisted Exercise (1RM)? Steps to Determine 1RM (One Repetition Maximum): Choose a weight the patient can lift comfortably 8-10 times. Gradually increase the weight until the patient can perform only one repetition with proper form. The maximum weight lifted for one complete repetition is considered the 1RM. Ensure safety measures are in place, especially for patients with cardiovascular risks. 3) Contraindication of active assisted range of motion exercise? Contraindications: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Recent trauma or fractures that have not yet stabilized. Conditions where movement disrupts the healing process, such as acute tears or recent surgeries. 7) Type of isometric resisted exercise? Types: 1. Static Isometric Contraction: Muscle contracts without changing length (e.g., pressing against a wall). 2. Multiple-Angle Isometrics: Isometric contractions performed at various joint angles to strengthen throughout the range. 3.stabilization exercise 9) Principles of passive range of motion exercise? Examination, evaluation& treatment planning (taking history -general examination -determine which appropriate to apply PROM,AAROM or AROM- determine the amount of motion can be applied safely -decide patterns can best meet goals -monitor the patient’s general condition &responses - document &communicate findings - re-evaluate 10) Principles of active assisted range of motion exercise? Starting position - fixation - support - characteristic - direction - repetition -understanding patterns - patient co-ordination 13) Contraindication of active free range of motion exercise? Severe pain during the exercise. Acute inflammation or infection in the joint. Unstable fractures. Cardiopulmonary conditions that limit safe movement. Recent surgery where motion could disrupt healing. 14) Indication of passive range of motion exercise? When a patient is unable to actively move a joint (e.g., comatose, paralyzed). Acute, inflamed tissue. To decrease complications of immobilization, such as joint stiffness or contractures. Used during examination Before passive stretch techniques Teaching the desired movement 15) Indication of active free range of motion exercise? To maintain joint mobility and flexibility. To improve muscle strength and endurance. To enhance circulation and prevent blood clots. For functional training in daily activities. After injury or in connection with medication & other therapies to help manage chronic pain " ‫" إذ ا ﺳ ﺄ ﻟ ﺖ ﻓ ﺎ ﺳ ﺄل ﷲ و إذ ا ا ﺳ ﺘ ﻌ ﻨ ﺖ ﻓ ﺎ ﺳ ﺘ ﻌ ﻦ ﺑ ﺎ‬ 16) Precaution of active resisted range of motion exercise? Avoid overloading the muscle to prevent injury. Monitor for signs of fatigue or pain. Use caution with patients who have cardiovascular conditions. Avoid the Valsalva maneuver to prevent increased blood pressure. Ensure proper technique to avoid compensatory movements. " ‫"ﺣ ﺴ ﺒ ﻲ ﷲ ﻻ إ ﻟ ﮫ إ ﻻ ھ ﻮ ﻋ ﻠ ﯿ ﮫ ﺗ ﻮ ﻛ ﻠ ﺖ و ھ ﻮ ر ب ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮ ش ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻈ ﯿ ﻢ‬ 25) Benefits of passive range of motion exercise? 1. Maintains joint and connective tissue mobility. 2. Enhances synovial movement for cartilage nutrition. 3. Prevents contractures and stiffness. 4. Improves & assist circulation and reduces swelling. 5. Maintains awareness of movement. 6. Reduces pain and promotes relaxation. 7. Maintain mechanical elasticity 8. Healing process after injury or surgery 9. Inhibit pain 28) Benefits of active assisted range of motion exercise? 1. Improves joint mobility and flexibility. 2. Enhances circulation and prevents blood clots. 3. Provides sensory feedback to contracting muscles. 4. Stimulates bone and joint tissue integrity. 5. Helps maintain or improve muscle strength in weak muscles. 6. Aids in muscle re-education and functional training. 7. Maintain physiological elasticity & contractility 8. Develop coordination & motor skill 9. Maintain joint &C.T. mobility 29) What are the types of muscle contraction? 1. Isometric: Muscle contracts without changing length. 2. Isotonic: Muscle changes length while contracting (includes concentric and eccentric contractions). 3. Isokinetic: Muscle contracts at a constant speed against variable resistance. --- " ‫" إ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ا ﻷ ﻋ ﻤ ﺎل ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻨ ﯿ ﺎ ت و إ ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ﻟ ﻜ ﻞ اﻣ ﺮ ئ ﻣ ﺎ ﻧ ﻮ ى‬ 31) What are the principles of resistance training exercise? 1. Individuality 2. Progressive regular resistance overload principle 3. Specificity principle 4. Rest, recovery 5. Reversibility 32) Mention core stability tests and explain one of them. 1. Prone Instability Test. 2. Side Bridge Endurance Test. 3. Prone Extension Endurance Test. 4. Core Flexor Endurance Test. " ‫" أ ﺳ ﺘ ﻐ ﻔﺮ ﷲ و أ ﺗ ﻮ ب إ ﻟ ﯿ ﮫ‬ 34) Explain physiological adaptations of resisted training exercise. 1. Neuromuscular: Improved coordination, increased motor unit recruitment. 2. Muscle: Increase cross section area 3. Bone Density: Increased bone strength and density. 4. Cardiovascular system: increase blood flow, COP, strock volume , oxygen consumption ,ATP,CP & myoglobin storage , decrease blood pressure &heart rate. 5. Connective tissue: increase strength of C.T. , ligament &tendon & increase tensile strength of tendon & ligament 35) Difference between strength, endurance, and power? Strength: Maximum amount of weight can be lifted for one time Endurance: Ability to sustain a contraction or perform repeated contractions over time. Power: ability to do max. weight for short time as fast as possible 38) Difference between isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic exercise? Isometric: Muscle contracts without changing length (e.g., plank). Isotonic: Muscle changes length during contraction (e.g., bicep curl). Concentric: Muscle shortens. Eccentric: Muscle lengthens. Isokinetic: Muscle contracts at constant speed with variable resistance (e.g., using specialized equipment). 40) Determinants/principles /criteria of resisted training exercise? 1) alignment of body segment 2)intensity, mode 3)repetition sets, frequency, volume & duration 4)rest interval 5)periodization 6)sequencing 7)speed or velocity 8)integration 9)warm up – cool down 41) Benefits of warm-up and cool-down for exercise training? Warm-Up Benefits: 1. Preparation of our body physically 2. Increase temp. of body T. 3. Increase nerve impulse 4. Increase HR ,RR,COP gradually 5. Prepare joint for activities 6. Reach optimal physical performance Cool-Down Benefits: 1. Return HR, RR,BR & Temp. to normal state gradually 2. Reduce potential for ms. Soreness 3. Reduce risk of dizziness or fainting " ‫" ا ﻟ ﻠﮭ ﻢ ا ﺣ ﻔ ﻈ ﻨ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺷ ﺮ ﻧ ﻔ ﺴ ﻲ و ﻣ ﻦ ﺷ ﺮ ﻛ ﻞ د ا ﺑ ﺔ أ ﻧ ﺖ آ ﺧ ﺬ ﺑ ﻨ ﺎ ﺻ ﯿ ﺘ ﮭ ﺎ‬ 44) Compare between manual and mechanical resisted exercise? Manual Resisted Exercise: Resistance is applied by a therapist or another individual. Suitable for early rehabilitation or weak muscles & with elderly patient & children Allows for real-time adjustments based on patient feedback. Prevent substitution Mechanical Resisted Exercise: Resistance is provided by equipment (e.g., weights, machines). Suitable for advanced stages of rehabilitation or strength training. Allows for precise control of resistance and progression. --- 45) What is the progression of a resistance training program? 1. Increase volume of ex. Gradually 2. Increase intensity of resistance gradually 3. Increase work time by decrease time of rest 47) What are precautions of resisted exercise?  -valsalva maneuver -fatigue -ms. Soreness -substitution /tricky motion -osteoporosis 50) How to overcome a plateau in resisted training exercise? 1. Increase intensity regularly 2. Change number of sets or repetitions 3. Cross-training / transfer training 4. Change type & form of ex. 5. Change type of resistance 52) Explain the specificity principle of resisted exercise. The specificity principle should be specific to individual sport, specific type of ex. related to specific goal. For example: To improve strength, exercises should involve heavy resistance on type 2 ms. Fiber (fast glycolytic) To enhance endurance, exercises should focus on low resistance and high repetitions. On type 1 ms. Fiber (slow oxidative) 53) What are factors influencing tension generation in muscles? 1. Cross-sectional area 2. Fiber type distribution 3. Length tension relationship 4. Recruitment of motor unit 5. Type of ms. Contraction 6. Speed of ms. Contraction " ‫" ر ب اﻏ ﻔ ﺮ ﻟ ﻲ و ﺗ ﺐ ﻋ ﻠ ﻲ إ ﻧ ﻚ أ ﻧ ﺖ ا ﻟ ﺘ ﻮ ا ب ا ﻟﺮ ﺣ ﯿ ﻢ‬ 54) Explain progressive resisted overload principles. The progressive overload principle involves gradually increasing the resistance or intensity of exercises to continuously challenge the muscles & body will adapt gradually to extra load. This can be achieved by: 1. Increasing the weight lifted. 2. Adding more repetitions or sets. 3. Reducing rest time between sets. 57) Compare between Oxford and Delorme training. Oxford Method: Designed for intermediate & advanced level rehabilitation & done in 5 to 6 days Starts with maximum resistance and decreases with each set. Example: 10 reps at 100% of 10RM, then 75%, then 50%. For endurance training Delorme Method: For early rehabilitation & done 3-4 days Starts with light resistance and increases with each set. Example: 10 reps at 50% of 10RM, then 75%, then 100%. For strength training 58) Mention core muscles and how to train them to strengthen. Core Muscles: 1. Rectus Abdominis. 2. Transverse Abdominis. 3. Obliques (Internal and External). 4. Erector Spinae. 5. Multifidus. 6. Pelvic Floor Muscles. 7. Diaphragm. Training: Plank: Hold a straight body position supported on elbows and toes. Side Plank: Support the body on one elbow and the side of the foot. Dead Bug: Lie supine and alternate extending opposite arm and leg. Bird Dog: On hands and knees, extend opposite arm and leg. 61) Differentiate between open chain and closed chain exercises. Open Chain Exercises: Distal segment (hand/foot) moves freely. Typically involves isolated joint movements. Example: Leg extension, bicep curls. Closed Chain Exercises: Distal segment is fixed or stationary. Involves multiple joints and muscle groups. Example: Squats, push-ups. Comparison: Open chain is useful for targeting specific muscles. Closed chain improves joint stability and functional strength. 63) Mention beginning core stability exercises Exercises: 1. Pelvic Tilt. 2. Bird Dog. 3. Dead Bug. 4. Plank. " ‫" ﯾ ﺎ ﺣ ﻲ ﯾ ﺎ ﻗ ﯿ ﻮ م ﺑﺮ ﺣ ﻤ ﺘ ﻚ أ ﺳ ﺘ ﻐ ﯿ ﺚ أ ﺻ ﻠﺢ ﻟ ﻲ ﺷ ﺄ ﻧ ﻲ ﻛ ﻠ ﮫ و ﻻ ﺗ ﻜ ﻠ ﻨ ﻲ إ ﻟ ﻰ ﻧ ﻔ ﺴ ﻲ ط ﺮ ﻓ ﺔ ﻋ ﯿ ﻦ‬ 64) What are the types of muscle soreness and how to decrease muscle soreness? Types: 1. Acute Soreness: Felt during or immediately after exercise due to lactic acid buildup. 2. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Occurs 24-72 hours post- exercise may be due to microtears in muscle fibers. Reduction Methods: Avoid overworking ex. Adequate time in cooling down ,rest for recovery of ms. & diets Ice packs Stretching Mainly protein after session of resisted training ex. " ‫" ا ﻟ ﻠﮭ ﻢ إ ﻧ ﻲ ﺗ ﻮ ﻛ ﻠ ﺖ ﻋ ﻠ ﯿ ﻚ و ﻓ ﻮ ﺿ ﺖ أﻣ ﺮ ي إ ﻟ ﯿ ﻚ ﻻ ﻣ ﻠ ﺠ ﺄ و ﻻ ﻣ ﻨ ﺠ ﻰ ﻣ ﻨ ﻚ إ ﻻ إ ﻟ ﯿ ﻚ‬ 67) How can you decrease or prevent fatigue when applying resisted training? -adequate time of rest or recovery -avoid overworking & overtraining 69) Sequences of the Valsalva maneuver and how to prevent it during exercise? Sequences: 1. Deep inhalation. 2. Closing the glottis while contracting abdominal muscles. 3. Increased intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure. 4. Increase blood pressure dur to rapid venous blood flow leads to forceful contraction of heart. Prevention: - Patient should not hold breath - Patient have to exhale during ex. - Ask patient to count or talk during ex. - Reduce weight can be lifted 74) Differentiate between isometric and isokinetic training exercise. Isometric Training: Muscle contracts without changing length. No joint movement occurs. Example: Plank, wall sit. Isokinetic Training: Muscle contracts at a constant speed against variable resistance. Requires specialized equipment (e.g., isokinetic dynamometer). Example: Rehabilitation exercises using isokinetic machines. Comparison: Isometric focuses on static strength, while isokinetic targets strength across the range of motion. 76) Define 1RM and 10RM. 1RM (One Repetition Maximum): The maximum weight a person can lift for 1 time in full ROM & without fatigue. 10RM (Ten Repetition Maximum): The maximum weight a person can lift for ten times in full ROM & without fatigue 77) Reversibility principle of resistance training exercise. In-training: adaptive change in body’s system when working out. De-training: lose it in response to a stop of work out lead to deterioration of ms. Performance. Some weightlifters may reach plateau after period of training, so they take rest day & return to improvement & use overload principle to breakdown plateau. 78) How to increase coordination in lumbar muscle training using limb load? Steps: 1. Begin with basic core exercises like bird dog or dead bug. 2. Gradually add resistance (e.g., weights, bands) to the limbs. 3. Ensure proper form to engage lumbar muscles. 4. Progress by increasing the load or complexity of movements. 5. Monitor for compensatory movements to maintain effectiveness. 80) Compare between isotonic and isometric exercise. Isotonic Exercise: Muscle changes length during contraction. Includes concentric (shortening) and eccentric (lengthening) contractions. Example: Squats, push-ups. Isometric Exercise: Muscle contracts without changing length. No joint movement occurs. Example: Plank, wall sit. Comparison: Isotonic improves strength and range of motion, while isometric focuses on static strength.