Therapeutic Exercises PDF

Therapeutic Exercises  Therapeutic exercise is a science. ▶ The therapeutic exercises aim is to improve the balance and stability of the body and to coordinate body movements in all aspects. ▶ The neuromuscular system provides the motion and stability to the human b...

Therapeutic Exercises  Therapeutic exercise is a science. ▶ The therapeutic exercises aim is to improve the balance and stability of the body and to coordinate body movements in all aspects. ▶ The neuromuscular system provides the motion and stability to the human body. Any defect of this complicated system will produce different symptoms according to the degree of the lesion: atrophy weakness, hypertrophy, etc. …. ▶ ▶ The therapeutic exercises have the main goal of restoring body the proper function bringing it to state as normal as possible. Benefits of therapeutic exercise: Prevent impairments Enhance physical function Reduce health related risk factors Types of therapeutic exercise intervention Balance training Flexibility training PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) Endurance training Strengthening training - resistance exercise Range of motion  Muscle contraction  Strength ▶ The strength of a muscle is the maximal tension it develops during a muscular contraction. ▶ Strength is a muscles ability to generate force. It is usually measured with a one repetition maximum.  Muscle Power ▶ The amount of force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles in a given amount of time ▶ Being strong does not always translate to being powerful. The main diff erence between Power Training vs Strength Training is, that strength refers to the ability to overcome resistance, while power refers to the ability to overcome resistance in the shortest period of time  Enduranc e ▶ Endurance The body's ability to resist fatigue; includes muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance. ▶ Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert sub- maximal force against resistance for an extended period of time. ▶ Endurance activities/training Repetitive, aerobic use of large muscles (as with such activities as walking, cycling, swimming, etc). Frequency  ▶ Frequency How often you work out, such as the number of days lifted per week. Flexibility:  is the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through an unrestricted, pain free range of motion.  Muscular Weakness ▶ Weakness or loss of power in any muscle or group of muscles not only results in loss of movement or stability of a particular joint, but creates a state of muscular imbalance which effects all the groups concerned in the production of coordinated movement. Muscular Atrophy: Atrophic Muscle ▶ Any muscle that cannot produce normal functional daily activities. A wasting due to lak of nutrition of any part caused by disuse, disease and injury to interference with nerve or blood supply. ▶ e.g. Atrophy of disuse, from failure to normally use a part. ▶ Disuse atrophy or wasting can be prevented or controlled by frequent voluntary contractions. Hypertrop hy ▶ Increase in size ofan organ or structure which does not Involve tumor formation. Term is generally restricted to an increase in size or bulk not resulting from an increase in number of cells or tissue elements.  Fatigue - A feeling of tiredness resulting from continued activity. - The state or condition of an organ or tissue In which its response to stimulation is reduced or lost as a result of over activity. - Muscle fatigue may be the result of excessive activity which results in the accumulation in such as lactic acid.  The Group Action of Muscles ▶ Muscles do not work singly, but in groups, an it is the harmonious working together of several groups which results in coordinated movement. ▶ Agonists ▶ The prime movers are the group which brings about the movement by their contraction. ▶ Antagonists ▶ Which are the opposing group, relax and lengthen progressively so that the movement is controlled but not impeded.  Synergists ▶ Are the muscles which work or relax to modify the action of the agonists? They may change the direction of pull or, in the case of agonists which pass over more than one joint, they fix or move the joint in which the main action is not required in the position which is most advantageous or comfortable. ▶ The Fixatores: Are a number of muscles which work to steady the origin of the agonists or the synergists.  Types of contraction Isometric ▶ Occurs when muscle length remains relatively constant as tension is produced. For example, during a biceps curl, holding the dumbbell in a constant/static position rather than actively raising or lowering it is an example of isometric contraction. is a form of exercise involving the static contraction of a muscle without any visible movement in the angle of the joint.  Isotonic  ▶ A muscular contraction in which the length of the muscle changes. literally means equal tension. An isotonic contraction is a contraction in which the tension remains constant as the muscle shortens or lengthens. ▶ Lactic acid anaerobic exercise produces lactic acid, which quickly forms lactate in the muscles, so these terms ("lactate" and "lactic acid") are often used interchangeably. ▶ Physical activity Any movement of the body produced by the muscles that results in increased energy expenditure.  Aerobic  exercise ▶is exercise in the presence of oxygen. In other words, your body is burning its fuel (glucose) in the presence of oxygen.  ▶ Jogging, cycling, swimming, aerobics classes, and rowing are examples of aerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercise ▶ It involves short bursts of exertion followed by periods of rest. Anaerobic means in the absence of oxygen. ▶ In other words, it is the burning of glucose, by the body, without the use of oxygen. Weight training and short bursts of sprinting are examples of anaerobic exercise. ▶ Sets are a specific number of repetitions. For example, if you lift a weight 10 times, rest, and lift the weight 10 times again, you have performed "two sets" of 10 repetitions.  Resistance training ▶ is theuse of external force to build up thebody's exert abilityto muscular force. Also known as weight or strength training. ▶ Progressive resistance exercise is exercise whereby load or resistance is applied to a muscle and is increased over time. For example, increasing the number of weights and the number of sets. This is done for strengthening. ▶ Body mass index (BMI) A number that describes a body's relative weight and strongly correlates to total body fat content in adults. In other words, it is a measurement of how heavy you are for your height.  Proprioception ▶ is the body's ability to sense where it is in space. For example, close your eyes and touch your nose. How were you able to move your finger to your nose without seeing it? Your body uses its sensory system in the joints and muscles to know where it is going. Balance and coordination both depend on your body's proprioceptive skills.  Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)- ▶Physical tasks of everyday living, such as bathing, and walking up the stairs. ▶ ADLs are usually factored in to a person's basal metabolic rate, so tracking calories burned for these types of movement isn't recommended when trying to lose weight.  Oxygen Consumption ▶ Oxygen consumption (VO2) may be defined as ones ability to extract oxygen from the atmosphere via the respiratory system and transport it in the blood to the working tissues (e.g. muscles) for the energy production ▶ The highest rate at which you can uptake oxygen is termed the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max).  Warm up is a period of gradual exercise to increasecirculation to the muscles and joints, in preparation for exercise of a greater intensity ▶. ▶ Core strength is the strength of large muscle group stabilizing muscles such as the abdominal muscle group.  Exercise ball ▶ used for strength, balance, and flexibility exercise. Also known as therapy ball or Swiss ball.