The Presidency PDF

The Presidency “Energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government” Alexander Hamilton, Federalist paper 70 What characteristics or qualifications do you look for in a president? Candidate A: Associates with crooked politicians and consults with astrologists He's had...

The Presidency “Energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government” Alexander Hamilton, Federalist paper 70 What characteristics or qualifications do you look for in a president? Candidate A: Associates with crooked politicians and consults with astrologists He's had two mistresses He also chain smokes and drinks 8 to 10 martinis a day Candidate B: He was kicked out of office twice Sleeps until noon Used opium in college Drinks a quart of whisky every evening Candidate C: He is a decorated war hero He's a vegetarian, doesn't smoke Drinks an occasional beer Hasn't had any extramarital affairs Carregando… Ideal President Is our candidate electable in today’s political environment? What is most important to consider when electing a president? Campaign Coverage by Topic Carregando… Source: Media Tenor. The “other” category includes references to such things as upcoming events, staffing, logistics, etc. Variations of the Executive Office Presidential System Parliamentary System Dual Presidential System Parliamentary Versus Presidential Systems (Congress) (Electoral College) COPYRIGHT © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Requirements Natural Born Citizen 35 years of age 14 yr. residency requirement 22nd amendment- term limits (1951) 25th amendment- replacement (1967) Presidential Order of Succession 1. Vice president 2. Speaker of the House 3. President Pro Tempore of the Senate Cabinet Secretaries 4. State 12. Health and Human Services 5. Treasury 13. Housing and Urban Development 6. Defense 14. Transportation 7. Attorney General 15. Energy 8. Interior 16. Education 9. Agriculture 17. Veterans’ Affairs 10. Commerce 18. Homeland Security 11. Labor. 9 Presidential Power Commander in Chief ◦ Supreme commander of military forces ◦ Who has the power to declare war? ◦ ◦ War Powers Resolution 1973 Emergency Powers Think about the conduct of war. Who should be in charge? The president? Congress? The military? Power to Pardon Treaties and Recognition of Foreign Nations ◦ With advice and consent of the Senate Executive and Judicial Nominations ◦ President nominates ◦ Senate approves © 2020 CENGAGE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 Presidential Power Veto power ◦ ◦ ◦ Presidential rejection of congressional legislation Congress may override with 2/3 majority of both chambers Pocket Veto - presidential veto after congressional adjournment (10 days) State of the Union Carregando… Power to Convene and Adjourn Congress *Vague and flexible language permitted expansion of presidential powers Article 2 “the executive power shall be vested in a President” and “he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed” Special Uses of Presidential Power Unitary Power? Emergency Powers-implied powers?- override existing laws, redirect money Executive Orders– have the force of law -can be used to enforce legislative statutes, treaties, etc. Executive Agreements- between heads of state Executive Privilege- President’s right to engage in confidential communications with his advisers protects security of the oval office protects communication 13-7 Expansion of Presidential Powers: Imperial Presidency? New Deal -president as a policy maker, closer to the people US as a world player- role around the globe has changed Executive centered- larger government role in the economy, thus the role of the executive branch grew Increase supported by other branches & public What should be done about the growth of executive power? Is it a problem for checks and balances among the separate branches? Power to Persuade Presidents can use the bully pulpit to promote their policy objectives to the public. Frame and promote their policy positions in simple and favorable terms ◦ Proposing legislation ◦ Building coalitions ◦ Unified/Divided government- party control Positive press relations are critical to presidential communications. Persuasion of members of Congress Approval ratings and Congressional cooperation Checks on Executive Power Congress can override a veto Senate confirmationstreaties & appointments Impeachment/removal from office process Congress declares war Judicial Review-Supreme Court can declare acts unconstitutional Approval Ratings Presidential Congress Judiciary What does it mean for democracy if all 3 branches have such low approval ratings? Presidential approval ratings https://news.gallup.com/poll/329384/presidential-approval-ratings-joebiden.aspx https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/ Cabinet Departments 2018 Year Established Department Website Employees (in thousands) State 1789 http://www.state.gov 32.4 Treasury 1789 http://www.treasury.gov 87.3 Defense (originally, War) 1789 http://www.dod.gov 740.1 Interior 1849 http://www.interior.gov 60.0 Agriculture 1862 http://www.usda.gov 83.8 Justice 1870 http://www.justice.gov 116.2 Commerce 1903 http://www.commerce.gov 42.6 Labor 1913 http://www.dol.gov 15.9 Housing/Urban Development 1965 http://www.hud.gov 7.7 Transportation 1966 http://www.transportation.gov 55.3 Energy 1977 http://www.energy.gov 15.2 Education 1979 http://www.education.gov 4.0 Health and Human Services 1980 http://www.hhs.gov 75.1 Veterans Affairs 1989 http://www.va.gov 364.1 Homeland Security 2003 http://www.dhs.gov 189.3 © 2020 CENGAGE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20 Executive Authority Under the Constitution Legislative Executive Authority ”All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States” “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States” Specific Powers Article I, Section 8, including: Lay and collect taxes Provide for the common defense Regulate interstate and foreign commerce Authorize courts Set uniform rules for naturalization and bankruptcy Establish post offices Make all laws that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out the listed powers Article II, Section 2, including: Act as commander in chief of the armed forces Grant pardons Make treaties Receive foreign ministers Appoint ambassadors, judges, cabinet-level officials Article II, Section 3: Ensure that the laws are faithfully executed Article I, Section 7: Veto legislation Limits on Power Explicit limits on power: Article I, Section 9, including: No bills of attainder No ex post facto laws No titles of nobility Bill of Rights: Substantive limits on the First through Eighth Amendments Ninth Amendment: Enumeration of rights does not grant general authority Tenth Amendment: People and states retain reserved powers not granted to Congress Mostly through checks and balances: Veto override Senate confirmation on appointments Senate treaty ratification Removal by impeachment © 2020 CENGAGE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21 Cabinet Departments 2018 Year Established Department Website Employees (in thousands) State 1789 http://www.state.gov 32.4 Treasury 1789 http://www.treasury.gov 87.3 Defense (originally, War) 1789 http://www.dod.gov 740.1 Interior 1849 http://www.interior.gov 60.0 Agriculture 1862 http://www.usda.gov 83.8 Justice 1870 http://www.justice.gov 116.2 Commerce 1903 http://www.commerce.gov 42.6 Labor 1913 http://www.dol.gov 15.9 Housing/Urban Development 1965 http://www.hud.gov 7.7 Transportation 1966 http://www.transportation.gov 55.3 Energy 1977 http://www.energy.gov 15.2 Education 1979 http://www.education.gov 4.0 Health and Human Services 1980 http://www.hhs.gov 75.1 Veterans Affairs 1989 http://www.va.gov 364.1 Homeland Security 2003 http://www.dhs.gov 189.3 © 2020 CENGAGE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22 Roles of the President Chief of State –ceremonial head of government, appointment Chief Executive -head of the executive branch of the government, appoint and remove executive officials, laws faithfully executed Chief Diplomat/Foreign Policy leader- recognizing foreign governments treaties executive agreements Commander in Chief -supreme commander of military forces ◦ Who has the power to declare war? ◦ War Powers Resolution 1973 ◦ Emergency Powers ◦ Think about the conduct of war. Who should be in charge? The president? Congress? The military? 13-1 US presidency project Executive Orders http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/data/orders.php Veto http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/data/vetoes.php Trump Executive Orders https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidentialactions/executive-orders https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/here-s-full-list-donaldtrump-s-executive-orders-n720796 Presidents and the Constitution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh8Qpa4Aazw&feature=youtu.be