Theory of Architecture Reviewer PDF

Theory of Architecture Reviewer Main Topics Covered VERTICAL ELEMENTS DEFINING SPACE ▪ SINGLE VERTICAL PLANE TOPIC 1. Space and Design Elements...

Theory of Architecture Reviewer Main Topics Covered VERTICAL ELEMENTS DEFINING SPACE ▪ SINGLE VERTICAL PLANE TOPIC 1. Space and Design Elements - A single vertical plane articulates the Definition of space (outer and inner space) space on which it fronts. Relationship between space, shape, and form ▪ L-SHAPED PLANE Horizontal and vertical elements defining space. - An L-shaped configuration of vertical planes generates a field of space from its corner outward along a diagonal axis.  SPACE ▪ PARALLEL PLANES - Can be both inner and outer. It can be - Two parallel vertical planes define a flat and two-dimensional, like a volume of space between them that is window, or three-dimensional, like a oriented axially toward both open ends pool filled with water. of the configuration. HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS DEFINING ▪ U-SHAPED PLANE SPACE - A U-shaped configuration of vertical ▪ BASE PLANE planes defines a volume of space that is - A horizontal plane laying as a figure on oriented primarily toward the open end a contrasting background defines a of the configuration. simple field of space. This field can be SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP visually reinforced in the following ways. ▪ FOUR PLANES: CLOSURE ▪ ELEVATED BASE PLANE - Four vertical planes establish the boundaries of an introverted space and - A horizontal plane elevated above the influence the field of space around the ground plane establishes vertical enclosure. Two spaces may be related to surfaces along its edges that reinforce each other in several fundamental ways. the visual separation between its field and the surrounding ground. ▪ DEPRESSED BASE PLANE Types of spatial relationships: - A horizontal plane depressed into the Space within space ground plane utilizes the vertical Interlocking space surfaces of the lowered area to define a volume of space. Adjacent space ▪ OVERHEAD PLANE Spaces linked by common space - A horizontal plane located overhead defines a volume of space between itself and the ground plane. Theory of Architecture Reviewer TOPIC 2. Organization of Spaces TOPIC 3. Circulation and Movement Types of spatial organization: Centralized ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION: Linear 1. ▪ APPROACH - The Distant View Radial Clustered Types of Approach: Grid ▪ FRONTAL - A frontal approach leads directly to the entrance of a building along a straight, KINESTHETIC axial path. The visual goal that - The sensation of movement or strain in terminates the approach is clear; it may muscles, tendons, or joints be the entire front facade of building or an elaborated entrance within the plane. KINESTHETIC QUALITIES ▪ OBLIQUE OF SPACE - An approach enhances the effect of perspective on the front facade and form PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSES of a building. The path can be redirected one or more timed to delay and prolong - Senses those concerned with perceiving the sequence of the approach. If a the body’s own movement and with building is a approached at an extreme informing the individual of his or her angle, its entrance can project beyond its position and the position of the limbs, in facade to be more clearly visible. space. VESTIBULAR SYSTEM 2. ▪ SPIRAL - In the ear, which is mainly concerned - A spiral path prolongs the sequence of with maintaining the body’s posture and the approach and emphasizes the three- equilibrium dimensional form of a building as we move around its perimeter. The building KINESTHETIC SYSTEM (Feeling of Motion) entrance might be viewed intermittently - Which consists of sensors in the during the approach to clarify its muscles, tendons and joints that indicate position or it may be hidden until the the relative positions and movements of point of arrival. the limbs and of different parts of the body. Theory of Architecture Reviewer 3. ▪ ENTRANCE - From outside to inside TOPIC 4. ANTHROPOMETRICS Types of Entrances: - Study of human body measurements. Consider average dimensions and a. FLUSH A flush entrance maintains the variations. Affects the design of spaces continuity of the surface of a wall and for movement, activity, and rest. can be, if desired, deliberately obscured. b. PROJECTED A projected entrance forms a transitional space, announces its TOPIC 5. PROPORTION AND SCALE function to the approach, and provides overhead shelter. c. RECESSED A recessed entrance also a. Proportion: harmonious relationship provides shelter and receives a portion between shapes. of exterior space into the realm of the b. Scale: size of an object relative to a building reference. c. Golden Ratio: a mathematical ratio used 4. ▪ CONFIGURATION OF PATH to create aesthetically pleasing proportions. The Sequence of Spaces: a. ▪ LINEAR TOPIC 6. COLOR THEORY b. ▪ RADIAL c. ▪ SPIRAL d. ▪ GRID Psychological Effects of Color: e. ▪ NETWORK Red: stimulating, passionate, aggressive. 5. ▪PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIP: Blue: calming, intellectual, trustworthy. a. Edges: paths pass by spaces, Yellow: optimistic, confident, creative. maintaining their integrity. b. Nodes: paths pass through spaces, Green: balanced, restful, harmonious. creating patterns of rest and Violet: spiritual, introspective, movement. luxurious. c. Terminations: paths end in spaces, emphasizing their importance. Orange: warm, comforting, passionate. 6. FORM OF CIRCULATION SPACE: Pink: nurturing, feminine, soothing. Grey: neutral, lacking in emotion. a. Enclosed: corridors, halls, galleries, and rooms. Black: sophisticated, serious, b. Open on One Side: balconies or oppressive. galleries. White: pure, clean, sterile. c. Open on Both Sides: colonnaded passageways. Brown: earthy, reliable, warm. Theory of Architecture Reviewer TOPIC 7. PROXEMICS AND Uses for Architectural Signage: TERRITORIALITY ▪ Branding Monument signage ▪ Proxemics: study of spatial relationships between people. ▪ Directional/wayfinding signage ▪ ADA-compliant signs Study of spatial separation in social situations ▪ Engraving and braille Categories: ▪ Visual magnetic graphics systems Intimate space ▪ Dimensional signs and graphics Personal space ▪ Wall graphics Social space ▪ Regulatory signs Public space ▪ Territoriality: claiming and defending space. TOPIC 8. SIGNS AND SYMBOLS ▪ Signs: objects or gestures with specific meanings. ▪ Symbols: representations of ideas or beliefs. ▪ Cultural Basis: designing architecture that fits within a specific cultural context.