Theories Of Social Justice PDF

THEORIES OF Social Justice UTILITARIANISM By: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill  UTILITARIANISM Social justice is considered to be anchored on the maximum good of the greatest number of individuals.  UTILITARIANISM Thus, the act is considered just when it produces the...

THEORIES OF Social Justice UTILITARIANISM By: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill  UTILITARIANISM Social justice is considered to be anchored on the maximum good of the greatest number of individuals.  UTILITARIANISM Thus, the act is considered just when it produces the best consequences and the fruits of such consequences are enjoyed by the greatest number of individuals, including the needy and the opressed.  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES LIBERTY EQUALITY JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES LIBERTY Every person has an equal right to basic liberties and primary goods. JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES EQUALITY Subcomponents: Fair Equality of Opportunity Difference Principle JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES EQUALITY Subcomponent: Fair Equality of Opportunity Individuals with the same talent and willingness to use them should be given the same educational and economic opportunities regardless pf their social status or background. JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES EQUALITY Subcomponent: Difference Principle This requires an institutions to address income and wealth inequalities so that the worst oof can have a chance in life. JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  SOCIAL JUSTICE MAIN PRINCIPLES EQUALITY Subcomponents: Difference Principle Inequalities are inevitable since people have different talent and skills that may put them at an advantage over other people. JUSTICE as FAIRNESS By John Rawls  Injustice operates in various social groups of people. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  Injustice operates in various social groups of people. They experience any of the five oppressions POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young They experience any of the five oppressions exploitation marginalization powerlessness cultural imperialism violence POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  exploitation Exploitation refers to the act of selfishly taking advantage of someone or a group of people to profit from them or otherwise benefit oneself. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  marginalization It’s the state of being relegated to the sidelines, excluded from mainstream social, economic, and cultural life. This exclusion can be based on race, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, or any characteristic that deviates from the perceived norm. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  powerlessness The powerless are dominated by the ruling class and are situated to take orders, but they rarely have the right to give them. Some of the fundamental injustices associated with powerlessness are inhibition to develop one’s capacities, lack of decision- making power, and exposure to disrespectful treatment because of the lowered status. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  cultural imperialism It involves establishing the culture of the ruling class as the norm. The groups that have power in society control how the people in that society interpret and communicate. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  violence It is probably the most visible form of oppression. Members of some groups live with the knowledge that they must fear random, unprovoked attacks to them or on their property. These attacks do not necessarily need a motive but are intended to damage, humiliate, or destroy the person. POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young  Social justice can be achieved “when institutions promote the reproduction of and respect for group differences without oppression.” POLITICS of DIFFRENCE By Iris Marion Young Fraser argues that wealth, opportunity, and material resources should be redistributed to those who have been excluded from society. PARITY of PARTICIPATION By Nancy Fraser  Those excluded should also be recognized, given equal respect, and represented in the decision-making process and contestation procedures in the political realm so they can safeguard their interests and well-being. PARITY of PARTICIPATION By Nancy Fraser  Argues that people’s view of fairness is dependent on the underlying principle of justice that a society or community holds, which follows a particular mode of human relationship. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  THREE BASIC MODES OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIP Solidaristic Community Instrumental Association Citizenship PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Solidaristic Community It consists of people who share a common identity and common ethos, closely resembling a gemeinschaft community. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Solidaristic Community It consists of people who share a common identity and common ethos, closely resembling a gemeinschaft community. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Instrumental Associations It consists of people who relate with one another in a utilitarian manner, which closely resembles gesellschaft communities. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Instrumental Associations In this mode of human relationship, the “desert” principle of justice is prevalent where everything operates in meritocracy. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Instrumental Associations In meritocracy, fairness is measured based on the actual performance of a person, rather than his or her attributes. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Instrumental Associations Superior performance = Superior reward PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Citizenship Consist of people who see themselves as a member of a political society, are governed under the rule of law, and follow a social contract here relationships with one another are not just instrumental. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Citizenship In this mode, the “equality” principle of justice is most relevant because everyone in the society is deemed equal, as they automatically become bearers of a set of rights and obligations that together define their citizenship status. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller  Citizenship The concept of social justice here closely resembles Rawl’s justice as fairness. PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE By David Miller