Theoretical Frameworks in Nursing PDF

Theoretical frameworks  Agenda 1. Discuss concepts of nursing theory; Introduction 2. Discuss the Needs Based importance of a theoretical framework in nursing; Interaction oriente...

Theoretical frameworks  Agenda 1. Discuss concepts of nursing theory; Introduction 2. Discuss the Needs Based importance of a theoretical framework in nursing; Interaction oriented 3. Analyze Nursing Systems Oriented theories application to practice Energy Field Discussion/application to practice 2 Introduction  Organized bodies of knowledge Define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. Substantiate nursing as a unique discipline. Theories guide nursing practice making it (nursing) concrete and specific (Wayne 2024) Nursing theories  As a science nursing is based on nursing practice as an art, how to care. The first Nursing theory was documented in the late 1800. The first theorist was Florence Nightingale. Cont’d Nursing Meta Paradigm Four concepts/domains are deemed as fundamental to nursing theories.  Importance of nursing theories to the profession Historically nursing was seen as a task-oriented job under the medical profession until the development of a body of knowledge supported by theories. Importance Clearly describe nursing practice. Helps nurses understand their roles and functions in the healthcare environment. Provide scientific reasons for nursing interventions by providing the knowledge base for the actions. Provide the foundations of nursing practice, generate further knowledge, and indicate future direction for development(Brown, 1964). Provides nurses with a sense of identity, so that other health professionals and clients can acknowledge and understand the unique contribution that nurses make to the healthcare service (Draper, 1990).  Importance Aid nurses in reflection (Question, improve knowledge base). Define, predict, and demonstrate nursing phenomenon (Chinn and Jacobs, 1978). Helps maintain and preserve professional limits and boundaries. Guides research and informs evidence-based practice. Provide a common language and terminology for nurses to use in communication and practice. Serves as a basis for the development of nursing education and training programs. Guide knowledge development and directs education, research, and practice. (Fitzpatrick and Whall, 2005). 9 Theories Afaf Ibrahim Meleis (2011) Needs based theories Interaction oriented Systems oriented Energy field Needs Based Enhancing your presentation  Need/Problem- oriented Florence Nightingale Faye Glenn Abdellah Virginia Henderson Dorothea E. Orem Lydia E. Hall Jean Watson Maslow hierarchy 12  Florence Nightingale: Environmental Theory 5. 13  CONT’D Warmth Light Cleanliness Adequate social services-transport, education, health care  NIGHTINGALE WHEN CONSIDERING SERVICES WHY THEY WERE CREATED WHO BENEFITS WHO PAYS COST TO THE USERS PUBLICS PERCEPTION  OREM’S SELF CARE Learned Goal -Oriented Actions To Preserve Promote, Life, Health And Wellbeing Demand For Self Care Exceeds Client’s Ability---self Care Deficit Clients Need To Recognize Their Self Care Demands And Limitations Original Focus-individual---can Be Applied To Aggregates/Groups Goal To Promote Collective Independence As Well As Self Care Ability  Jean Watson Faye Glenn Abdellah Philosophy and Theory of transpersonal Caring 21 Nursing Problems Theory (Human Caring) “Nursing is based on an art and science that “Nursing is concerned with promoting health, molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring technical skills of the individual nurse into the health.” desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.” Mainly concerns with how nurses care for their patients and how that caring progresses into better plans to promote health and wellness, prevent Changed the focus of nursing from disease- illness and restore health. centered to patient-centered and began to include families and the elderly in nursing care. Focuses on health promotion as well as the treatment of diseases. The nursing model is intended to guide care in hospital institutions but can also be applied to Caring is central to nursing practice and promotes community health nursing, as well. health better than a simple medical cure 19  Virginia Henderson Lydia Hall Nursing Need Theory Focuses on the importance of Care, Cure, Core Theory is also known as the “Three increasing the patient’s independence to Cs of Lydia Hall.“ hasten their progress in the hospital. Hall defined Nursing as the “participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care where CARE is the sole Emphasizes the basic human needs and function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are how nurses can assist in meeting those shared with other members of the health team.” needs. The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual to “The nurse is expected to carry out a facilitate the development of the core. physician’s therapeutic plan, but individualized care is the result of the The “care” circle defines a professional nurse’s primary nurse’s creativity in planning for care.” role, such as providing bodily care for the patient. The “core” is the patient receiving nursing care. The “cure” is the aspect of nursing that involves the administration of medications and treatments 20  Katie Eriksson Patricia Benner Theory of Carative Caring Caring, Clinical Wisdom, and Ethics in Nursing Practice “Caritative nursing means that we take ‘caritas’ into use when caring for the human “The nurse-patient relationship is not a uniform, being in health and suffering […] Caritative professionalized blueprint but rather a kaleidoscope of intimacy and distance in some of caring is a manifestation of the love that ‘just the most dramatic, poignant, and mundane exists’ […] Caring communion, true caring, moments of life.” occurs when the one caring in a spirit of caritas alleviates the suffering of the patient.” Attempts to assert and reestablish nurses’ caring practices when nurses are rewarded more for The ultimate goal of caring is to lighten efficiency, technical skills, and measurable suffering and serve life and health. outcomes. Inspired many in the Nordic countries and States that caring practices are instilled with used it as the basis of research, education, knowledge and skill regarding everyday human and clinical practice. needs. 21  Kari Martinsen Philosophy of Caring “Nursing is founded on caring for life, on neighborly love, […]At the same time, the nurse must be professionally educated.” Human beings are created and are beings for whom we may have administrative responsibility. Caring, solidarity, and moral practice are unavoidable realities 22  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow (1954) proposed that human beings possess two sets of needs. This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. 23  Maslow’s cont’d Cognitive needs. Knowledge. People want to learn and know about their Deficiency needs: Physiological, world and their places in it. security, social, and esteem needs Aesthetic needs. Appreciation of are deficiency needs, which arise beauty and form. Fulfillment comes due to deprivation. from creativity, music, art, literature, etc. Growth needs: Needs at the top of the pyramid- growth needs. 1970- Transcendence needs. Looking beyond added 3 more needs the physical self in search of meaning. Practicing spirituality and connecting with nature. 24 Interaction oriented Hildegard E. Peplau Ida Jean Orlando Imogene M. King  Hildegard Peplau Ida Jean Orlando Theory of Interpersonal Relations The Nursing Process Theory. Peplau’s theory defined Nursing “Patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations, and as “An interpersonal process of therefore nurses must validate their inferences and analyses with patients before therapeutic interactions drawing conclusions.” between an individual who is sick or in need of health Allows nurses to formulate an effective nursing care plan that can also be easily services and a nurse specially adapted when and if any complexity comes up with the patient. educated to recognize, respond to the need for help.” According to her, persons become patients requiring nursing care when they have Her work is influenced by Henry needs for help that cannot be met independently because of their physical Stack Sullivan, Percival limitations, negative reactions to an environment, or experience that prevents them from communicating their needs. Symonds, Abraham Maslow, and Neal Elgar Miller. The role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate needs for It helps nurses and healthcare help providers develop more therapeutic interventions in the PES formula clinical setting. 26  Imogene King Conceptual System and Middle-Range Theory of Goal Attainment “Nursing is a process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share information about their perception” “a process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.” Guides and directs nurses in the formation of a therapeutic relationship, to meet good health goals. The nurse and patient work together in communicating information, setting goals, and taking actions to achieve those goals. 27 System oriented Dorothy E. Johnson Callista Roy Betty Neumann Madeleine M Leininger  System-oriented Neuman’s System Model, she defined nursing as a “unique profession in that is concerned with all of the variables affecting an individual’s response to stress.” The focus is on the client as a system (which may be an individual, family, group, or community) and on the client’s responses to stressors. The client system includes five variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual). It is conceptualized as an inner core (basic energy resources) surrounded by concentric circles that include lines of resistance, a normal defense line, and a flexible line of 29 defense  Dorothy Johnson Callista Roy Behavioral System Model Adaptation Model Nursing “an external regulatory force Nursing “health care profession that that acts to preserve the organization and focuses on human life processes and integrate the patients’ behaviors at an patterns and emphasizes the promotion optimum level……..)” of health for individuals, families, groups, Advocates to foster efficient and effective and society.” behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness. Views the individual as a set of Stresses the importance of research- interrelated systems that strives to based knowledge about the effect of maintain a balance between various nursing care on patients. stimuli. Describes the person as a behavioral system with seven subsystems: the Inspired the development of many achievement, attachment-affiliative, middle-range nursing theories and aggressive-protective, dependency, adaptation instruments 30 ingestive, eliminative, and sexual subsystems.  Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality TN “is focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures to provides culture- specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or to help people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways.” Learning and understanding various cultures regarding nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to implement efficient nursing care services to people according to their cultural values and health- illness context. It focuses on the fact that various cultures have different and unique caring behaviors and different health and illness values, beliefs, and patterns of behaviors. 31 Energy Field Martha E. Rogers Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Margaret Newman  Margaret Newman Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Health as Expanding Consciousness Human Becoming Theory “Nursing is the process of recognizing the patient “Nursing is a science, and the performing art in relation to the environment, and it is the of nursing is practiced in relationships with process of the understanding of consciousness.” persons (individuals, groups, and communities) in their processes of becoming.” “The theory of health as expanding A person is more than the sum of the parts, consciousness was stimulated by concern for the environment, and the person is those for whom health as the absence of disease inseparable or disability is not possible... “ Nursing is a human science and art that uses Nursing is regarded as a connection between the an abstract body of knowledge to help people. nurse and patient, and both grow in the sense of higher levels of consciousness. It centered around three themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.(moving beyond physical needs and realities) 33  Martha Rogers Theory of Unitary Human Beings Nursing as “an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian. The Science contains two dimensions: the science of nursing, which is the knowledge specific to the field of nursing that comes from scientific research; the art of nursing, which involves using nursing creatively to help better the lives of the patient. A patient can’t be separated from his or her environment when addressing health and treatment 34  Summary 1. Discuss concepts of nursing theory; Historical Development 2. Discuss the importance of a Needs Based theoretical framework in nursing; 3. Analyze Nursing Interaction oriented theories application to practice Systems Oriented Energy Field 35  References WAYNE, G. (2024).NURSING THEORIES AND THEORISTS: THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE FOR NURSEShttps://nurseslabs.com/nursing- theories/#:~:text=Four%20major%20concepts%20are%20frequentl y,make%20up%20the%20nursing%20metaparadigm 36  Watch the Movie FLIGHT: Denzil Washington and Don Cheedle Thank you