A World of Regions - Asian Regionalism PDF

A WORLD OF REGIONS Gydabelle Martin-Celestino, PhD  Key Terms Learning Outcomes: World of Regions 1.Discuss the distinction of the global North-South...

A WORLD OF REGIONS Gydabelle Martin-Celestino, PhD  Key Terms Learning Outcomes: World of Regions 1.Discuss the distinction of the global North-South north and global south Divide 2.Explain the success and failures of the global divides Regionalism 3.Differentiate regionalism and Regionalizatio globalization n 4.Identify the factors leading to a greater Global South integration of the Asian region. Third World First World Lesson Titles Lesson 1. Global Divides: The North and The South Lesson 2. Asian Regionalism The Brandt line, a definition from the 1980s dividing the world into the wealthy north and the poor south  GLOBAL NORTH The global North refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade  GLOBAL SOUTH The global South represents mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, China, Latin America and others that are not as economically sound and politically stable as their global North counterparts and tend to be characterized by turmoil, war, conflict, poverty, anarchy and tyranny.  In short, the global North is synonymous with development, while the global South is associated with underdevelop ment (Odeh, 2019).  LESSON 1 GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH The “double divide” is caused by political power, economic dependency and importation/exportation of resources.  What is the North-South Divide? a socio-economic and political categorization of countries Although most of the countries under “North” are located in the Northern hemisphere, the divide is not purely based on geographic location. This categorization ignores the geographic position of countries with some countries in the southern hemisphere such as Australia and New Zealand being labeled as part of the North (Sawe, n.d.).  The North (First World Countries) Also known as the Global North Comprised of countries which have developed economies and account for over 90% of all manufacturing industries in the world 1/3 of the global population, but control 80% of the total income earned around the world The home of all the G8 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States and European Union).  THE 10 RICHEST COUNTRIESIN THE WORLD 10. San Marino 9. United States 8. Norway 7. Switzerlan d 6. United Arab Emirates 5. Macao SAR 4. Qatar 3. Singapore 2. Luxembour g 1. Ireland The South (Third World Countries) drawn from Africa, South America, and Asia with all African and South American countries being from the South. The only Asian countries not from the South are Japan and South Korea.  Regionalis Regionalization m a political process is the concentration of characterized by economic flow within policy cooperation region thereby binding and coordination together the region’s among countries economy Since regionalism is a process, regions are not given or naturally created. They are product of political and economic actors, and even movements. Region groups are divided due to common traits and vested interests. The world is divided according to socio- economic and political aspects. World of Regions - “governments, associations, societies and groups from regional organizations and/or network as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization”.  Globalizatio Regionaliza Versus n tion increased flow of goods, process of dividing an services, capital, people, area into smaller and information across segments called borders. regions Whether people share Countries form same culture, history or regional organization commerce, the most basic as a way of coping sense of region is a group with the challenges of of countries in the same globalization. geographic location  LESSON 2. ASIAN REGIONALISM Asian regionalism is the product of economic interaction, not political planning The new concept among the continental communities  Regional Integration harmonization of trade policies leading to deeper economic integration, with political integration as a possible future result. the process by which two or more neighboring nation-states agree to cooperate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth which different countries come to agreement to remove trade barriers (e.g., tariffs, quotas and border restrictions) between them. ASEAN Regional Integration Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand Composed of 10 member-states : Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore. Philippines and Indonesia THREE PILLARS (2007) ASEAN Political-Security Community The political security community gives importance to human rights, drugs, foreign relations, defense, law, and transnational crimes  ASEAN Economic Community It adheres to significant roles of monitoring – economic ministers, finance ministers, central bank governors, free trade area, agricultural and forestry, transport ministers, telecommunications and information technology ministers, science and technology. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Avenue for cooperation among ministers responsible for culture and arts, sports disaster management, education, environment, health, information, labor, rural development and poverty education, women, youth and civil service matters ASEAN Community (2015) FOUR MAIN GOALS : Three Factors of Economic Integration 1.) Market-led process- (TNCs and MNCs) 2) Institution-led process - barriers to intraregional trade were reduced due to ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) 3.) Private-led process - Sub-Regional Economic Zones (SREZs) with the aim to enhance the attractiveness of investment in the continuous areas by combining their advantages and exploit economic complementary Challenges on Regionalization and Globalization in Asia 1.) Openness to Trade - public finances should be strengthened by reducing outlays in less productive areas and regional trade initiative should be compatible with the global trade liberalization. 2.) Regional Policy Coordination - ASEAN is being challenged to create a strong bond to have a better chance working together in the harshly competitive world. Thank you for listening!