The Skull and its Landmarks Part A PDF

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be discussing 1.1.5 the skull and learning the various components of the 9.1 Cranium and associated 9.2...

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be discussing 1.1.5 the skull and learning the various components of the 9.1 Cranium and associated 9.2 features and why they are important to us 3 Learning Outcomes By the end of Part s 1-5 you will be able to: Name the bones of the Cranium & their Sutures Label views of the cranium Identify the bony features of the Sphenoid bone Identify the bony features of the Ethmoid bone Discuss the relevance of the Infratemporal & Pterygopalatine Fossa’s 4 Formative Assessment There will be a Formative Assessment at the end of all the lectures. This will need to be completed and returned to Mrs Watson 5  Definition The skull or Cranium is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. The skull consists of 22 individual bones.  The Skull is made of 2 sections Neurocranium – These are the Viscerocranium – These are Cranial Bones the Facial Bones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrpVzSK23Q0 7 En.wikipedia.org Courses.lumenlearning.com  Glossary Internal – inner/inside External – outer/outside Articulate – joining/touching Medial – towards midline Ridge – Raised linear elevation Lateral – Away from midline Foramen – opening/hole to allow Anterior – Towards the front passage of blood/nerve Posterior – Towards the back Fossa – shallow depression Inferior – Underneath/below Process – large distinctive projection Superior – Above Canal – A tunnel through bone Superficial – Nearer the skin Groove – an open channel Deep – Away from the skin Tubercle – small prominent elevation Roof – top Eminence – elevation of bone Floor - Bottom Tuberosity – bulbous feature Plate – flat area of bone Margin – border/edge 8 The Neurocranium Biologydictionary.net Function of the Neurocranium Protection Attachment sites for both origin and insertion of the Muscles of Facial Expression & Muscles of mastication Framework for the cranial and orbital cavities *PAF: Protects All Functions 10  Lobes of the Brain The Cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm 11  What are the Lobes responsible for? Frontal Parietal Interprets language, words Personality, behaviour, emotions Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory Judgement, planning, problem solving strip) Speech, speaking, and writing (Broca’s area) Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory Body movement ( motor strip) Spatial and visual perception Intelligence, concentration, self awareness 12 Psychologytoday.com  Occipital Temporal Interprets vision (colour, light and Understanding language (Wernicke's movement) area) Memory Hearing Sequencing and organization 13 Psychologytoday.com  Broca and Wernickes Areas Wernicke's area: lies in the left temporal lobe. Broca’s area: lies in the left frontal lobe Damage to this area causes Wernicke's aphasia. The If this area is damaged, one individual may speak in long may have difficulty moving the sentences that have no tongue or facial muscles to meaning, add unnecessary produce the sounds of speech. words, and even create new The person can still read and words. understand spoken language They can make speech sounds, but has difficulty in speaking however they have difficulty and writing (i.e. forming letters understanding speech and are and words, doesn't write within therefore unaware of their lines) – called Broca's aphasia. mistakes. 14 Biomedguide.com The Neurocranium - Sutures www.pinterest.com  Coronal suture - unites the frontal bone with the parietal bones Sutures Sagittal suture - unites the 2 parietal bones in the midline Lambdoid suture - unites the parietal The main sutures of the skull are the bones with the occipital bone Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid and Squamosal suture - unites the Squamosal sutures. squamous portion of the temporal The Metopic suture (or frontal suture) bone with the parietal bones is variably present in adults. Metopic suture - (if present) unites the 2 fontal bones  Coronal Suture The Coronal Suture unites the Frontal Bone with the Parietal Bones 17 Kenhub.com Sagittal Suture Sagittal Suture unites the 2 Parietal Bones in the midline 18 Enwikipedia.org  Lambdoid Suture The Lambdoid suture unites the Parietal Bones with the Occipital Bone 19 Commons.wikimedia.org Nexusneurosurgery.com  Squamosal Suture Squamosal Suture unites the squamous portion of the Temporal Bone with the Parietal Bones 20 Enwikipedia.org Radiopeadia.org  Metopic Suture Metopic Suture if present, unites the 2 Frontal Bones 21 dx.doi.org Researchgate.net  You're going well! End of Part 1 22 Metro.co.uk