The Renal System PDF
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Uploaded by SplendidSard9345
Louisiana State University
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Summary
This document provides an outline of the renal system, including general functions of the kidneys, structure of the urinary system, glomerular filtration, and mechanisms of salt and water reabsorption. It also covers the regulation of water balance, Na/K balance, and acid-base balance. The document includes diagrams and figures to illustrate the different components and processes of the renal system.
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The Renal System: Outline General functions of the kidney Structure of the urinary system – macroscopic – microscopic glomerular filtration – rate – regulation mechanisms of salt and water reabsorption regulation of – water balance – Na/K balance – acid-base balance ...
The Renal System: Outline General functions of the kidney Structure of the urinary system – macroscopic – microscopic glomerular filtration – rate – regulation mechanisms of salt and water reabsorption regulation of – water balance – Na/K balance – acid-base balance I. Functions of the kidneys regulation of plasma volume waste removal regulation of electrolyte balance regulation of acid-base balance ALL RESULT FROM THE SELECTIVE REABSORPTION AND SECRETION OF DIFFERENT MOLECULES BY THE KIDNEY. The mammalian kidney Fig. 14.17 Loading… Two types of nephrons glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule =‘s Fig. 14.18 renal corpuscle Two classes of nephrons cortical nephrons (most common) short loops of Henle juxtamedulary nephrons, long loops of Henle Loading… – fraction determines ability to concentrate urine Kidney tubules are made of epithelial cells Fig. 14.19 Urine formation: fundamental processes Fig. 14.21 glomerular filtration: properties What gets into Bowman’s capsule? – water, salts, glucose, urea, AAs What doesn’t? – cells, most proteins Fluid in Bowman’s capsule is “filtrate” glomerular filtration is driven by pressure Fig. 14.20 Glomerular filtration depends upon: net filtration pressure (fairly low, 10 mm Hg in humans) porous nature of glomerular endothelium – fenestrated capillaries porous nature of visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule – filtration slits charge on basement membrane of glomerulus repels negatively charged proteins Loading… Fig. 14.23 juxtaglomerular apparatus Fig. 14.24 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) GFR = volume of filtrate produced by 2 kidneys/min GFR = 120 mls/min or 180L/day (~45 gal) total blood volume = 5.5L total blood volume filtered every 40 min Regulation of GFR renal blood flow (RBF) determines GFR arterial pressure varies from 80-200 mm Hg RBF highly regulated to maintain a constant GFR >RBF = > GFR
