The Nervous System PDF

The Nervous System Chapter 5| Lesson 2  What is the nervous system? The Nervous System The nervous system is a complex network of cells and organs that coordinates the body's actions and responses to internal and external stimuli. The nervous system has 3 basic functions sens...

The Nervous System Chapter 5| Lesson 2  What is the nervous system? The Nervous System The nervous system is a complex network of cells and organs that coordinates the body's actions and responses to internal and external stimuli. The nervous system has 3 basic functions sensory integrative motor 2 Parts of The Nervous System Central Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System: (CNS) (PNS) is made up of the brain and includes all the nerves outside spinal cord. It acts like the the brain and spinal cord. It body's control center, acts like a communication processing information and system, connecting the CNS to sending commands to the rest the rest of the body. The PNS of the body. The CNS is sends messages from the body responsible for thinking, to the brain and carries out the memory, and controlling brain's commands to muscles voluntary and involuntary and organs. actions. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Regulates the smooth and cardiac muscles as well as other glands. It works involuntarily, which means that it functions independently and is not consciously controlled. Sympathetic Nervous System: It’s like your body’s "emergency response system". It kicks in when you’re stressed, scared, or in danger. Parasympathetic Nervous System: It’s like your body’s "relaxation and recovery" system. It works when you're calm and at rest. The Brain The Brain The brain is an important part of the nervous system. Your brain controls most of the reactions given by your body. It also processes most of the signals that it receives from the different parts of the body. The 3 Major Parts of The Brain The 3 Major Parts of The Brain (CCB) 1.Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It controls functions like reading, writing, speaking, memory, and logical thinking, as well as your skills in math and music. 2.Cerebellum: Located below the cerebrum, it helps coordinate voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance and posture. 3. Brain Stem: It connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions like heartbeat, breathing, and reflexes. The brain stem is made up of three parts: the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. The Hemispheres The Hemispheres of The Brain Left Hemisphere: Right Hemisphere: Controls the left side of the Controls the right side of the body. body. Associated with logical and Associated with creativity and analytical skills, such as spatial abilities, such as speaking, writing, numerical pattern and face recognition, and scientific abilities, musical ability, and visual- reasoning, and understanding spatial tasks. sign language. The Hemispheres of The Brain The Lobes F- Frontal Lobe P- Parietal Lobe T- Temporal Lobe O - Occipital Lobe The Lobes of The Brain (FPTO) Frontal Lobe: Controls voluntary motor functions, moods, and the sense of smell. Associated with emotional responses and certain aspects of behavior. Parietal Lobe: Responsible for processing most of the senses, including touch and taste. Also controls awareness of pain, body temperature, and balance. The Lobes of The Brain (FPTO) Temporal Lobe: Manages the senses of smell and hearing. Also plays a role in memory storage and retrieval. Occipital Lobe: Primarily responsible for the sense of sight and visual processing. The Nerve Cell The Nerve Cell a nerve cell, also known as a neuron, is a specialized cell that has the ability to convert stimuli into electrical impulses that travel through the nervous system. These impulses allow the nervous system to communicate and control different body functions. 3 Main Parts of The Nerve Cell 3 Main Parts of The Nerve Cell 1. Cell Body: Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles necessary for the neuron’s function. 2. Dendrites: These are the branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them to the cell body. 3. Axon: A long, slender extension that transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. 3 Main Parts of The Nerve Cell (Just an add on) 4. Axon Terminal: The axon terminal is the end part of the axon. It’s where the neuron sends its signal to the next neuron, muscle, or gland. 5. Nucleus: The nucleus is like the "control center" of the neuron. It holds the neuron’s genetic material (DNA) and directs its activities. Types of Nerve Cells Types of Nerve Cells (P.U.M.B.) Unipolar Pyramidal Bipolar Multipolar Neuroglia Neuroglia Neuroglia (also called glial cells) are smaller cells found mostly in the central nervous system (CNS). The word "glia" means "glue", because their main job is to support and connect the nervous tissue. Although neuroglia are much smaller than neurons, there are many more of them—about 5 to 25 times more. Unlike neurons, neuroglia cannot send signals. However, they can replace damaged neurons in case of injury or disease. Neuroglia In some cases, neuroglia can cause a type of brain tumor called glioma, which grows quickly. Disorders in The Nervous System Disorders in The Nervous System Disorder Cause Decrease in brain size that leads to loss of neurons in Alzheimer's disease the brain Epilepsy Huge neuronal discharge in the brain Poliomyelitis Viral infection in the CNS Disorders in The Nervous System Disorder Cause Myotonic dystrophy Nerve degeneration Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also Blockage of blood flow or bleeding in the brain arteries known as stroke Thank you for listening! Have a good day and God bless you