Moral Agent Presentation PDF

MORAL AGENT PRESENTATION Group II Armenta, Aquino, Brenio, Dalisay, Dayag, Red The Moral Agent Topic to be discuss: Moral agent How to become a Moral Agent Culture in Moral Behavior...

MORAL AGENT PRESENTATION Group II Armenta, Aquino, Brenio, Dalisay, Dayag, Red The Moral Agent Topic to be discuss: Moral agent How to become a Moral Agent Culture in Moral Behavior Kinds of Culture Role of Culture in Moral Behavior Group II  The Moral Agent The Moral Agent A moral agent is a person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his or her own actions. Moral agents have a moral responsibility not to cause unjustified harm. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent The Moral Agent According to Immanuel Kant - The moral agent is a "rational agent" - The rational agent is endowed with free will. - The rational agent is the object of moral laws and the subject, on which, subconsequently "do what is right/good". CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent The Moral Agent According to Aristotle and Plato Aristotle Greek - "Role of knowledge" is a vital part in taking proper course of action. philosopher Plato - The moving principle is in the agent Greek himself. Thus, actions are self- philosopher caused. Group II  The Moral Agent Moral Agency - Individual's ability to make moral judgements based on some notion of right and wrong to be held accountable for these actions. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Moral Patient An individual or entity that is the recipient of moral consideration, meaning they can be affected by the actions of moral agents. Moral patients do not need to have the capacity for moral reasoning or responsibility but are still owed moral duties by moral agents Moral patients, in a word, cannot do what is right, nor can they do what is wrong CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent How To Become A Moral Agent: 1. Having a set of Moral Principles are guidelines to make sure what is right and wrong morally, having a belief which are morally correct is a start to becoming a moral agent. 2. Sense of Moral Responsibility It involves assigning actions to an individual, holding that person responsible, and making them liable for something or someone. This is expressed through evaluations of their attributability, answerability, and accountability. Group II  The Moral Agent How To Become A Moral Agent: 3. Rationality is the trait of being directed by or grounded in reason. In this context, a person acts rationally if they have a valid reason for their actions, or a belief is considered rational if it is supported by solid evidence. 4. Empathy The ability to grasp or empathize with what another individual is experiencing from their point of view. Group II  The Moral Agent How To Become A Moral Agent: 5. Contextual Awareness It is the capacity to comprehend and interpret the environment, situation, or conditions in which an event occurs. This includes identifying important factors like social, cultural, physical, or temporal contexts that affect behavior, communication, or decision- making. Group II  The Moral Agent Culture in Moral Behavior What is Culture? Is defined as that complex whole which includes knowledge, beilefs, arts, moral, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Burke, 2008). The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior (Schaeler, 2013) The distinctive way of life of a people, whatever that might be. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Edward Tylor The father of cultural anthropology, Edward Tylor stated that in general, culture is the way of life of a group of people that “includes their knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Functions of Culture 1. Culture provides identity to the people in the society. This is what separates communal groups from each other. They are known by their distinct traditions and beliefs that they hold dear. 2. Culture mirrors the laws of the land. Laws in one society is born out of the norms which are the socially acceptable behavioral patterns in the community. These norms are held with supreme importance, and so the people make sure that they are systematized and followed by all. Going against these laws are punishable in most, if not all cases. Group II  The Moral Agent Functions of Culture 3. Culture unifies people in many ways that only those who belong in that society understands. It is always what the communal group invokes in matters of decisions, practices, and traditions. 4. Culture influences our concept of morality. Culture provides the rules of the games in the society through our cultural norms. It is very much prescriptive of what is morally right or wrong, what is respectful and not, affecting our patterns of behavior. It is the culture that molds, if not dictates, the values that should be adhered to the people. Group II  The Moral Agent How Culture Influences Moral Behavior Every culture also differs in values that could be wrong for the norms but is exclusively right within a cultural group of people. Moral rules and the sense of moral obligation and accountability are products of social convention and social conditioning. The aspect of morality is taught, people learn moral and immoral from cultural transmitters: the parents, teachers, novels, films, tv shows, etc. Group II  The Moral Agent How Culture Influences Moral Behavior Some cultures include moral beliefs or practices that a cultural group agrees upon and thinks is right even if it causes bodily harm or causes mental health issues to its scoped society. Examples are foot binding from ancient china where toes are folded into the sole to make the foot smaller (which is called lotus foot) that is considered a status symbol and mark of feminine beauty. However, footbinding was a painful practice that limited the mobility of women and resulted in lifelong disabilities. Group II  The Moral Agent Kinds of Culture (Cultural Values) While cultural values and norms are closely interrelated, it's important to distinguish between the two as they play different roles within a cultural construct. Examples may include: Respect for Authority - found in hierarchical societies, where individuals are expected to show deference to those in positions of power. Individualism - emphasised in societies that value autonomy, initiative, and personal liberty. Group II  The Moral Agent Kinds of Culture (Cultural Values) While cultural values and norms are closely interrelated, it's important to distinguish between the two as they play different roles within a cultural construct. Examples may include: Collectivism - fundamental in societies where cooperation and group cohesion are prioritised over individual ambitions. Group II  The Moral Agent Kinds of Culture (Cultural Norms) On the other hand, cultural norms are the specific behaviours that are accepted and expected in a particular society. They are essentially the 'rules' of the group – both written and unwritten – that guide everyday behaviour. Examples of norms might include: Eating manners - norms about what is considered polite or impolite while eating. Dress code - norms governing what is appropriate to wear in different situations. Etiquette - norms outlining the proper way to behave in a variety of settings, from a formal dinner to a casual get-together. Group II  The Moral Agent How Cultural Values and Norms Shape a Society? Cultural values and norms exert a profound influence on the structure and functioning of a society. They significantly influence individuals' attitudes, behaviours, and interactions, ultimately shaping the societal fabric in many tangible and intangible ways. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent How Cultural Values and Norms Shape a Society Here are some key ways they impact society: Identity Formation - Cultural values provide individuals with a sense of belonging and identity. Behavioral Expectations - Norms dictate appropriate behavior in various contexts, guiding actions in areas such as family life, education, and professional settings. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent How Cultural Values and Norms Shape a Society Here are some key ways they impact society: Economic Practices - Cultural values can affect economic behavior, such as attitudes toward work, wealth, and entrepreneurship. Education and Socialization - Values and norms shape educational systems, influencing curriculum and teaching methods. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent How Cultural Values and Norms Shape a Society Here are some key ways they impact society: Adaptation and Change - As societies encounter new challenges —such as globalization or technological advancement—cultural values can shift, leading to changes in norms. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Role of Culture in Moral Behavior Within culture are moral codes that are practiced through social behavior. Moral codes are sets of rules or guidelines that a person or group follows in order to live a just and good life. CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better” than any other. It suggests that ethics, morals, values, norms, beliefs, and behaviors must be understood within the context of the culture from which they arise CONTINUE Group II  The Moral Agent Universal Values Universal values are a set of core principles or beliefs that are shared by people across different cultures, societies, and historical periods. These values serve as the foundation for moral and ethical judgments, helping individuals differentiate between right and wrong, good and bad. CONTINUE Group II The Moral Agent THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! Group II