The Kinds of Forces, Processes, Energy and their Effects on Earth PDF

The Kinds of Forces, Processes, Energy and their Effects on Earth Lesson in Earth Science DISCUSSION RUBRICS ENGAGE - How does energy influence the Earth’s processes? Watch the video presentation titled A Guide to the Energy of the Earth ○ https://youtu.be/fHztd6k5ZXY ○ Share your t...

The Kinds of Forces, Processes, Energy and their Effects on Earth Lesson in Earth Science DISCUSSION RUBRICS ENGAGE - How does energy influence the Earth’s processes? Watch the video presentation titled A Guide to the Energy of the Earth ○ https://youtu.be/fHztd6k5ZXY ○ Share your thoughts on how energy and forces influence the Earth’s processes and your daily lives. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (1) The force of gravity ○ The force of attraction between two masses, such as the Earth and objects on it. Earth's gravity causes air pressure in the atmosphere, impacting the surface and living organisms. ○ The mass of the air creates atmospheric pressure, which is usually highest at sea level. ○ Atmospheric pressure can lead to the downward movement of water and ice. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH The force of gravity on Earth is caused by its total mass, which exerts a gravitational pull. This gravitational force acts on your body, determining your weight. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH The mass of the earth causes a downward pull of gravity which attracts objects towards the center of the Earth. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH Earth's gravity causes the weight of rocks to press down on those beneath them. The rocks below push back, leading to compression from all sides. Different regions experience uniform compression forces from surrounding rocks. Additional stresses arise from various geological processes affecting the rocks. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH ○ Earth's gravity is the main force that moves materials across the planet. ○ It drives geological processes such as erosion and mass movements, including mudslides and rock falls. ○ Gravity also influences glacier movement, shaping Earth's terrain significantly. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn Gravity Effects EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH The Sun and Moon exert gravitational influence on Earth, causing solar and lunar tides. The Sun's gravitational force on Earth is weaker than that of the Moon due to its greater distance. Although less influential on tides, the Sun plays a critical role in maintaining Earth's stable orbit. Lunar tides are more pronounced than solar tides because of the Moon's proximity to Earth. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (2) Water ○ Water moves downhill as rivers and glaciers, either in liquid or frozen form. This movement transports boulders and debris. It shapes the terrain through carving processes. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (2) Water/Hydrological Cycle EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (3) Uneven solar heating alters the temperature of the air and water over the earth's surface, resulting in wind and ocean currents. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (4) Tectonic Forces are the forces generated by the movement and interaction of the Earth’s lithospheric plates. ○ An example is the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. ○ Tectonic forces create major geological features such as mountain ranges (e.g., the Himalayas) and ocean trenches, earthquakes and volcanic activity, which continually reshape the Earth's surface. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn FORCES AND PROCESSES AFFECTING THE EARTH (5) Centripetal Force is the force that keeps an object moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of rotation. ○ Centripetal force, along with gravitational pull, maintains the Earth's orbit around the Sun. This stable orbit is essential for the regular seasonal changes and the overall stability of the planet's climate. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (1) Wind energy creates waves on lakes and oceans and transports sand and dust across the Earth's surface. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (2) Radiant or Electromagnetic energy, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet, is emitted by the sun. ○ This energy affects Earth's surface temperatures, drives the Earth’s climate system, influencing weather patterns, ocean currents, and the water cycle, all of which are critical to sustaining life on Earth. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (3) Thermal energy is generated by the movement of particles within a substance, often experienced as heat. ○ Heat from the Earth's core is thermal energy. ○ Thermal energy from the Earth's core drives convection currents in the mantle, which leads to plate tectonics. This movement of plates causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the creation of mountains. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH The process of radioactive decay in uranium and potassium isotopes generates thermal energy within the Earth's crust (and mantle), where highly concentrated radioactive materials are found. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH The temperature of the Earth increases as one moves deeper into its interior. The transfer of thermal energy from the Earth's interior to its colder outer layers occurs as heat ascends from deeper regions (core) towards the surface. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH Heat transfer in geological systems occurs through direct contact between hotter and cooler rocks. It can also happen through the movement of molten rock, or magma. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn ORIGIN OF THE EARTH’S ENERGY SUPPLY Internal energy on Earth consists of heat energy trapped during planet formation and heat produced by radioactive decay. This energy drives processes such as rock melting at great depths, leading to the formation of magma. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn ORIGIN OF THE EARTH’S ENERGY SUPPLY External Energy The Sun provides external energy, causing temperature differences in the atmosphere and oceans, which result in wind and ocean currents, with stronger energy in equatorial regions compared to polar areas. Sunlight serves as the primary energy source for plants. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (4) Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. ○ River water moving downstream has KE which causes erosion, shaping landscapes by wearing down rocks and transporting sediments. This process contributes to the formation of valleys and canyons. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (4) Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Meteoroid collisions with Earth release kinetic energy, which is the energy from moving objects. This kinetic energy transforms into thermal energy, generating significant heat that is partially retained in the Earth's interior. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (5) Potential Energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position. ○ A boulder at the top of a hill has PE. ○ Potential energy can be released suddenly during landslides, where the energy is converted into kinetic energy, causing rapid changes in the landscape and could cause massive destruction. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (5) Potential Energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position. ○ Potential energy can be released suddenly during landslides, where the energy is converted into kinetic energy, causing rapid changes in the landscape and could cause massive destruction. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (6) Nuclear Energy is the energy released from nuclear reactions, either by fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms). ○ Nuclear fusion in the Sun releases tremendous amounts of energy, which reaches Earth as sunlight. EXPLORE - Explore the concepts and learn KINDS OF ENERGY AFFECTING THE EARTH (6) Nuclear Energy is the energy released from nuclear reactions, either by fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms). ○ Nuclear fusion in the Sun releases tremendous amounts of energy, which reaches Earth as sunlight. THREE TO FLEE!!! What forces/processes and kinds of energy affect the Earth, and what effect/s do they have on the planet? Discuss the origins of the Earth’s internal energy supply. Discuss the role of solar energy in driving the water cycle. Explain Answer the following questions in your Geology Log What forces/processes and kinds of energy affect the Earth, and what effect/s do they have on the planet? Tabulate your answers. In no more than 3 sentences, discuss the origins of the Earth’s internal energy supply. In no more than 3 sentences, discuss the role of solar energy in driving the water cycle. EVALUATE - Complete the statements below. The ________ force is responsible for keeping planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon around Earth. __ energy from the Sun drives Earth's weather patterns and climate systems. The _______ force causes objects with mass to attract each other and is responsible for the tides on Earth. ___ forces occur when tectonic plates interact, leading to the formation of mountains and earthquakes. ELABORATE-Apply your learning As a triad, analyze the case study and discuss how energy and forces contributed to the earthquake. Write your answers in a ½ paper. https://www.frontiersin.o rg/journals/earth-scienc e/articles/10.3389/feart. 2023.1091595/full Case Study Analysis Rubric Criteria 3 - Exemplary 2 - Proficient 1 - Needs Improvement Analysis and In-depth analysis; Adequate analysis but Weak analysis; Discussion provides clear may lack depth; some connections between connections between connections made, energy, forces, and the energy, forces, and the but arguments could earthquake are earthquake; be better supported. unclear or well-supported unsupported. evidences. Understanding of Thorough Good understanding Limited understanding; Concepts understanding of with some insights; concepts related to energy and forces relevant concepts are energy and forces are related to the identified but may lack unclear. earthquake, provided depth. deep insights. Just a reminder I can overcome difficulties through perseverance.