The-First-Voyage-Around-the-World-by-Magellan2.pptx

The First Voyage Around the World by Magellan By: Antonio Pigafetta Types of Historian Criticism ▪ External Criticism – is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of th...

The First Voyage Around the World by Magellan By: Antonio Pigafetta Types of Historian Criticism ▪ External Criticism – is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced; and the materials used for the evidence. Examples are the quality of paper, the type of ink, and the language and words used in the material, among others. ▪ Internal Criticism – is the examination of truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production. It looks on the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, its context. The agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and its intended purpose, among others. About The Book ▪ On 10 August 1519, five ships departed from Seville for what was to become the first circumnavigation of the globe. Linked by fame to the name of its captain, Magellan, much of the expedition is known through the travelogue of one of the few crew members who returned to Spain, Antonio Pigafetta. A narrative and cartographic record of the journey (including 23 hand-drawn watercolor charts) from Patagonia to Indonesia, from the Philippines to the Cape of Good Hope, Pigafetta's The First Voyage around the World is a classic of discovery and exploration literature. ▪ This book was taken from the chronicles of contemporary voyagers and navigators of 16th century. ▪ Antonio Pigafetta who accompanied Magellan in his fateful circumnavigation of the world. ▪ Pigafetta’s travelogue is one of the most important primary About the Author Antonio Pigafetta ▪ was a Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world. ▪ He studied astronomy, geography, and cartography and during his younger years worked in the ships owned by the Knights of Rhodes. ▪ He is a nobleman ▪ His biographies described him as a well- educated young man possessing an avid curiosity of the world around him. Ferdinand Magellan ▪ was a Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. ▪ As a boy, Ferdinand Magellan studied mapmaking and navigation. By his mid-20s, he was sailing in large fleets and was engaged in combat. In 1519, with the support of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Magellan set out to find a better route to the Spice Islands. He assembled a fleet of ships which, despite huge setbacks and Magellan’s death, circumnavigated the world in a single voyage. Lapu-Lapu ▪is widely celebrated as the first Filipino hero, famously vanquishing Portuguese conquistador Ferdinand Magellan and his army in their attempt to colonize Mactan Island. ▪He is best known for the Battle of Mactan that happened at dawn on April 27, 1521, where he and his warriors defeated Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed in battle. ▪was born in 1491, although no one knows the exact date of his birth. ▪Although the exact date of his arrival is unknown, most historical accounts state Lapu-Lapu reached the shores of Sugbo (now referred to as Cebu) from the neighboring island of Borneo. At this time, Rajah Humabon ruled over Sugbo and was recognized by natives as the island’s king. Lapu-Lapu asked Humabon for a place to settle in the archipelago; in response, the king offered him the region of Mandawili (known today as Mandaue), including the Opong area. He soon after became the chief of the region’s people — referred to as Datu Lapu-Lapu of Mactan island. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) March 16, 1521 ▪ They first sighted an island of what Magellan’s called Ladrones Islands or Island of Thieves. “These people have no arms, but use sticks, which have a fish bone at the end. They are poor, but ingenious, and great thieves, and for the sake of what we called these three islands the Ladrones Islands”. The Ladrones Islands is presently known as the Marianas Islands. These islands are located south-southeast of Japan, west-southwest of Hawaii, north of New Guinea, and east Philippines. Ten days after they reached the island, Pigafetta reported that they reached what he called the Isle of Zamal now known as Zamar. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) March 18, 1521 ▪ Magellan’s crew went to Humunu Island (now known as Homonhon Island) and they found what Pigafetta referred to as the “Watering Place of Good Sings”. It is in this place they found the first signs of gold in the island. They named the island nearby as the archipelago of St. Lazarus. March 25, 1521 ▪ Pigafetta counted that they saw two ballanghai (balanghay). They met the king of Mazzava (Mazaua). ▪ The king introduced Magellan to the kings brother who was also a king to another island. King was named Rai Calambu King of Zuluan (Butuan) and Raia Siagu of Calagan (Caragua).  Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) March 31, 1521 ▪ Easter Sunday – Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a mass by the shore. The king heard of his plan and sent two dead pigs and attended the mass with the other king. “when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings, went to kiss the cross like us, but they offered nothing, and at the elevation of the body of our Lord they were kneeling like us, and our Lord with joined hands”. After the mass, Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with nails and crown in place. Magellan explained that the cross, the nail, and the crown were the signs of his emperor and that he was ordered to plant it in the places that he would reach. Magellan explained that the cross will be beneficial for their people because once other Spaniards saw his cross, then they would know that they had been in this land and would not cause them troubles. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) April 7, 1521 ▪ Magellan and his men decided to move to look for islands where they could acquire more supplies and provisions. They learned about the islands of Ceylon (Leyte) , Bohol, and Zzubu (Cebu). ▪ When they reach the port of Cebu, they met the King of Cebu Raia Humabon. ▪ Raia Humabon demanded that Magellan should pay tribute since it’s customary however he refused. As per Magellan, his king was the emperor of a great empire and that it would do them better to make friends with them than to forge enmity. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) April 8, 1521 ▪ Magellan’s men and the King of Cebu together with other principal of Cebu met in an open space. There, the King offered a bit of his blood and demanded that Magellan do the same. (Blood Compact) “Then the King said that he was content, and as a greater sign of affection he sent him a little of his blood from his right arm, and wished he should do the like. Our people answered that he would do it. Besides that, he said that all the captains who came to his country had been accustomed to make a present to him, and he to them, and therefore they should ask their captain if he would observe the custom. Our people answered that he would; but as the king wished to keep up the custom, let him begin and make a present, and then the captain would do his duty”. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) April 14, 1521 ▪ The people gathered with the King and other principal men of Cebu. Magellan spoke to the King and encouraged him to be a good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross instead. The King of Cebu was then baptized as a Christian. “To that the King and all his people answered that thy would obey the commands of the captain and do all that he told them. The captain took the King by the hand, and they walked about on the scaffolding, and when he was baptized he said that he would name him Don Charles (Carlos), as the emperor sovereign was named; and he named the prince Don Fernand (Fernando), after the brother of the emperor, and the King of Mazzava, Jehan: to the Moor he gave the name of Christopher, and to the others each a name of his fancy” Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) April 27, 1521 ▪ Zula, a principal man from the island of Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan and asked him for a boat full of men so that he would be able to fight the chief named Silapulapu (Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula, refused to obey the King and was also preventing him from doing so. Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his desire to go Mactan himself to fight the said chief. Magellan’s forces arrived in Mactan in daylight. They numbered 49 in total and the islanders were estimated to number 1,500. The battle began. Pigafetta recounted. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) “When we reached land we found the islanders fifteen hundred in number, drawn up in three squadrons; they came down upon us with terrible shouts, two squadrons attacking us on the flanks, and the third in front. The captain then divided his men in two bands. Our musketeers and crossbow-men fired for half an hour from a distance, but did nothing, since the bullets and arrows, though they passed through their shields made of thin wood, and perhaps wounded their arms, yet did not stop them. The captain shouted not to fire, but he was not stop them. The captain shouted not to fire, but he was not listened to. The islanders seeing that the shots of our guns did them little no harm would not retire, but shouted more loudly, and springing from one side to the other to avoid our shots, they at the same time drew nearer to us, throwing arrows, javelins, spears hardened with fire, stones, and even mud, so that we could hardly defend themselves. Some of them cast lances pointed with iron at the captain-general”. Timeline (Arrival in the Philippines) Last moments of Magellan: “Whilst the Indians were thus overpowering him, several times he turned round towards us to see if we were all in his obstinate fight had no other object than to give an opportunity for the retreat of his men”. Pigafetta also said that the King of Cebu who was baptized could have sent help but Magellan instructed him not to join the battle and stayed in the balangay so that he would see how they fight. The King offered the people of Mactan gifts of any value and amount in exchange of Magellan’s body but the chief refused. They want to keep Magellan’s body as a memento of their Victory. Assignment 1. If the early Filipinos were able to document the arrival of Magellan in the Philippines, what good could bring if there are journals written by one of early Filipinos about Lapulapu? Do you think it will create a great impact in our society today? In what way? 2. Do you think that Pigafetta’s journal is accurate on how he describe their travelogue with Magellan? Why or why not? 3. The declaration of “persona non grata” of the Mayor of Lapu- Lapu City against the Rapper US Based “EZ Mil” in his song “Panalo” during his live performance on the Wish Bus, do you think it is necessary or valid? Please explain. Provide your own narrative on the part of the lyrics where EZ Mil has his own version of Historical facts of the battler of Mactan.