The Endocrine System PDF

THE E NDO CR I NE S YS TE M HORMONES ENDOCRI NE OR EXOCR INE? What is the difference between these two types of glands? EXOCRINE GLANDS Release chemicals into ducts. Examples: sweat, tears and digestive juices. ENDOCRINE GLANDS Release chemicals into the blood stream. NO DUC...

THE E NDO CR I NE S YS TE M HORMONES ENDOCRI NE OR EXOCR INE? What is the difference between these two types of glands? EXOCRINE GLANDS Release chemicals into ducts. Examples: sweat, tears and digestive juices. ENDOCRINE GLANDS Release chemicals into the blood stream. NO DUCTS Chemicals are called hormones Examples: testosterone, estrogen and insulin. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Terminology Glands: release products into the bloodstream directly Hormones: chemical messages that are carried around the body Target cells: specific cells that have the appropriate receptors on their cell membrane. ENDOCRINE GLANDS  PITUITARY GLAND Also known as the master gland, because it controls the other glands.. Hormones: Growth Hormone (GH) – Responsible for growth – Too little = dwarfism – Too much = giantism Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) – Stimulates kidneys to hold water THYROID Controls metabolism and energy in the body. Hormone: – Thyroxine (T4) ADRENAL GLANDS Hormones made by the adrenal glands are responsible for fight, flight or freeze reactions. Adrenaline – increases heart rate and blood pressure, supplies more oxygen to the muscles and organs to help you respond quickly PANCREAS ENDOCRINE & EXOCRINE GLAND Makes enzymes and hormones. Regulates blood sugar by means of the hormones glucagon and insulin. OVARIES Hormones produced:  Progesterone  Oestrogen Function:  Puberty and sexual maturity TESTES Hormone produced:  Testosterone Function:  Puberty and sexual maturity