The Ecology of Human Development PDF

THE ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT by Urie Bronfenbrenner Discussant: Prof. Marlina T. Dayrit, M.A.T. Reference: Bronfenbrenner, Urie, The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 21 - 28 DEFINIT...

THE ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT by Urie Bronfenbrenner Discussant: Prof. Marlina T. Dayrit, M.A.T. Reference: Bronfenbrenner, Urie, The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979, pp. 21 - 28 DEFINITION 1: THE ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INVOLVES THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE PROGRESSIVE MUTUAL THE ECOLOGICAL ACCOMMODATION BETWEEN AN ENVIRONMENT IS CONCEIVED TOPOLOGICALLY AS A ACTIVE, GROWING HUMAN BEING NESTED ARRANGEMENT OF AND THE CHANGING PROPERTIES CONCENTRIC STRUCTURES, OF THE IMMEDIATE SETTINGS IN EACH CONTAINED WITHIN THE WHICH THE DEVELOPING PERSON NEXT. LIVES, AS THIS PROCESS IS AFFECTED BY RELATIONS BETWEEN THESE SETTINGS, AND BY THE LARGER CONTEXTS WHICH THE SETTINGS ARE EMBEDDED.  THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IS CONCEIVED TOPOLOGICALLY AS A NESTED ARRANGEMENT OF CONCENTRIC STRUCTURES, EACH CONTAINED WITHIN THE NEXT. https://www.google.com/search?q=bronfenbrenner+ecological+systems+theory&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CZYfbhi3SkBmIjiiSK07aOtS1gVdA55EVPrvCm Rp-oRedaQgTizfZ11JDGbySWhIfCS0uEI3RmfAYzUHBSGSuKHxQioSCaJIrTto61LWETt1S_1xXIu0aKhIJBV0DnkRU- u8R0rgXt3Y1XroqEgkKZGn6hF51pBF0heM0nFqrLCoSCSBOLN9nXUkMESmPDKEQGKQRKhIJZvJJaEh8JLQRcsb9KrhZH0gqEgm4QjdGZ8BjNRGl y3ULUA5lFSoSCQcFIZK4ofFCEW7vLuSJjnOD&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx6-mNj6PjAhXw- GEKHQrlDv0Q9C96BAgBEBs&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1#imgrc=e5wx5Z2PmJ9OaM: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4OQQYyA--E DEFINITION 2: A MICROSYSTEM IS A PATTERN OF ACTIVITIES, ROLES, AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS EXPERIENCED BY THE DEVELOPING PERSON IN A GIVEN SETTING WITH PARTICULAR PHYSICAL AND MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS. A SETTING IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE CAN READILY ENGAGE IN FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION – HOME, DAY CARE CENTER, PLAYGROUND, AND SO ON. THE FACTORS OF ACTIVITY, ROLE AND INTERPERSONAL RELATION CONSTITUTE THE ELEMENTS, OR BUILDING BLOCKS, OF THE MICROSYSTEM. DEFINITION 3: A MESOSYSTEM COMPRISES THE INTERRELATIONS AMONG TWO OR MORE SETTINGS IN WHICH THE DEVELOPING PERSON ACTIVELY PARTICIPATES (SUCH AS, FOR THE CHILD, THE RELATIONS AMONG HOME, SCHOOL AND NEIGHBORHOOD PEER GROUP; FOR AN ADULT, AMONG FAMILY, WORK AND SOCIAL LIFE. A MESOSYSTEM IS THUS A SYSTEM OF MICROSYSTEMS. IT IS FORMED OR EXTENDED WHENEVER THE DEVELOPING PERSON MOVES INTO A NEW SETTING. INTERCONNECTIONS MAY ALSO TAKE A NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL FORMS: OTHER PERSONS WHO PARTICIPATE ACTIVELY IN BOTH SETTINGS, INTERMEDIATE LINKS IN A SOCIAL NETWORK, FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATIONS AMONG SETTINGS. DEFINITION 4: AN EXOSYSTEM REFERS TO ONE OR MORE SETTINGS THAT DO NOT INVOLVE THE DEVELOPING PERSON AS AN ACTIVE PARTICIPANT, BUT IN WHICH EVENTS OCCUR THAT AFFECT, OR ARE AFFECTED BY, WHAT HAPPENS IN THE SETTING CONTAINING THE DEVELOPING PERSON. EXAMPLES OF AN EXOSYSTEM IN THE CASE OF A YOUNG CHILD MIGHT INCLUDE THE PARENT’S PLACE OF WORK, A SCHOOL CLASS ATTENDED BY AN OLDER SIBLING, THE PARENTS’ NETWORK OF FRIENDS, THE ACTIVITIES OF THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD, AND SO ON. DEFINITION 5: THE MACROSYSTEM REFERS TO CONSISTENCIES, IN THE FORM AND CONTENT OF LOWER-ORDER SYSTEMS (MICRO-, MESO-, EXO-) THAT EXIST, OR COULD EXIST, AT THE LEVEL OF THE SUBCULTURE OR THE CULTURE AS A WHOLE, ALONG WITH ANY BELIEF SYSTEMS OR IDEOLOGY UNDERLYING SUCH CONSISTENCIES. FOR EXAMPLE, WITHIN A GIVEN SOCIETY – SAY FRANCE – ONE SCHOOL CLASSROOM, PARK PLAYGROUND, CAFÉ OR POST OFFICE LOOKS AND FUNCTIONS MUCH LIKE ANOTHER, BUT THEY ALL DIFFER FROM THEIR COUNTERPARTS IN THE UNITED STATES. THERE ARE ALSO CONSISTENT PATTERNS OF DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN EACH OF THESE SOCIETIES – POOR FAMILY VS. RICH FAMILY DEFINITION 6: AN ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION OCCURS WHENEVER A PERSON’S POSITION IN THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IS ALTERED AS THE RESULT OF A CHANGE IN ROLE, SETTING, OR BOTH. INSTANCES OF ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION OCCUR THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN. EXAMPLES: MOTHER IS PRESENTED HER NEWBORN INFANT FOR THE FIRST TIME; CHILD ENTERS DAYCARE, ONE IS PROMOTED OR HAS GRADUATED, BUYING THE FIRST CAR, MARRYING, TRAVELLING, RETIRING, DYING. DEFINITION 7: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH THE GROWING PERSON ACQUIRES A MORE EXTENDED DIFFERENTIATED AND VALID CONCEPTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, AND BECOMES MOTIVATED AND ABLE TO ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT REVEAL THE PROPERTIES OF, SUSTAIN, OR RESTRUCTURE THAT ENVIRONMENT AT LEVELS OF SIMILAR OR GREATER COMPLEXITY IN FORM AND CONTENT.