The Development of US Democracy PDF

The Development of US Democracy Objective In this lesson, you will describe the development of democracy in the United States; identify key documents and people that fueled this development. Government Through the Middle Ages...

The Development of US Democracy Objective In this lesson, you will describe the development of democracy in the United States; identify key documents and people that fueled this development. Government Through the Middle Ages old The phrase "modern democracy" refers to the fact that we practice a modern version of a very _______ form of government. Ancient Greece small Because of Athens's _________ size, its citizens were able to participate directly in decision making through assembly the Athenian ________________, which was open to all Athens citizens. This system is an example of direct ____________ vote democracy, in which citizens _________ directly on all of the decisions of government. Ancient Rome representative In 27 BC, Rome established a ___________________ democracy known as the Roman Republic. Many of the elements of the government of the Roman Republic were adapted by the founding fathers and republican are still used by democratic governments today, including the ________________ system of government, the checks and balances, the separation of powers, __________, idea of _________ vetoes and a system of codified laws. Feudalism fiefs Kings or powerful lords granted tracts of land, called _________, to nobles who were vassals loyal to them. In return, these lords, known as ___________, promised to provide knights ___________ to fight for their lord when necessary. manor On each fief, daily life centered around the __________, a self-sufficient agricultural farmed community. Serfs, the peasants who ____________ the manor's land, gave their labor and most of their attack produce to their lord in exchange for use of the land and protection from ___________ by invaders. The Magna Carta rights One of the first attempts at defining individual __________ occurred in England through a document known as the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta was the first document to establish the principle that leaders, even kings _________, law It also established the right to a speedy __________ were not above the ______. trial and the right of taxes the Great Council (which represented the nobility) to approve ___________ proposed by the monarchy. Constitution The principles of the Magna Carta directly influenced the US ___________________ and the Bill of Rights. The Enlightenment developement The period known as the Enlightenment profoundly affected the ___________________ of government in the United States. During the Enlightenment, philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Charles-Louis authority Montesquieu began formulating theories that undermined the idea that the king received ________________ God from ________. Founding These men and other Enlightenment philosophers strongly influenced the _______________ rights Fathers' ideas about liberty, natural __________, popular the social contract, and ____________ sovereignty. Hobbes believed that, for the purpose of maintaining order, people naturally contract give up certain rights to a government in a social _____________. Hobbes stated that without this contract "the natural state of men, before they were joined in Thomas Hobbes war society, was a _______, and not simply, but a war of all against all." (1588−1679) cure Hobbes believed that the only ________ for such a war was the creation of a absolute strong government with almost ______________ power. He believed people would freely give up their right to govern themselves in order to know peace. Locke argued in his book Two Treatises of Government that in the prehistoric rights state of nature, people had possessed natural ___________ and that the only protect reason for the existence of a government was to ________________ those John Locke rights. (1632−1704) Locke argued (in his Second Treatise) that the people had the right—in some obligation cases, the ________________—to overthrow a tyranny (an absolute and unjust violated government) that ________________ their natural rights. The eighteenth-century French philosopher Montesquieu developed the seperation political theory known as ________________ of powers in a book called De Charles-Louis l'Esprit des Lois (On the Spirit of the Laws). Montesquieu Montesquieu believed that when you separate the tasks of government into (1689−1755) check different branches, those branches then have the power to __________ each other. William Blackstone was an English judge who is best known for his book Commentaries on the Laws of England. Within Commentaries, Blackstone Sir William Common advocated for the traditional definition of ______________ law. Blackstone Common ______________ same law is the idea that all people are held to the _________ (1723−1780) interpretation of the law as defined by previous judicial rulings (also known as precedents __________________).  The second attempt at defining individual rights occurred following the Glorious _______________ Revolution __________________ of 1688 in England. Before William and Mary took the throne from King James II, they had to sign the English Bill of Rights, powers which took away many ______________ of the monarchy. The English Bill of Rights natural expressed the idea that English subjects had certain _______________ rights that no government could arbitrarily take away. Colonial and Revolutionary America Upon arriving in the New World, the English settlers immediately began to set up governments, building upon the political traditions of their home country. Colonial Governments funded In some of the colonies, those who had ______________ the foundation of the colony determined the decided structure of government. In other colonies, however, the settlers themselves ______________ how they would govern their new home. Mayflower For instance, even before landing in the New World, the Pilgrims signed the _________________ Compact, consent agreeing to abide by laws that they would create themselves, establishing the concept of ______________ of the governed early in the colonial experience. This contributed to the creation of America’s representative democracy. Mercantilism British The American colonies played an important role in the ____________ Empire, increasing the Empire's wealth economic through mercantilism. Mercantilism was an _______________ policy ___________ popular from 1500 to 1800 in exports which nations encouraged ___________ gold as a means of collecting _________ and silver. fish The American colonies supplied many important products to England, including fur, ________, sugar, cotton, indigo tobacco, and ___________ (a plant used to make blue dye). In return, the colonists were expected to import goods manufactured and processed __________ tea such as iron products and _______. French and Indian War France England's struggle with _____________ for dominance in North America culminated in the French and Indian War. The war was a turning point in Crown the relationship between the colonies and the __________. After its areas of French territory. victory, England took possession of huge _________ The new king of England, George III, decided that the new situation control demanded closer ____________ over the colonies. Changes in Imperial Policy costs King George III and Parliament decided that the colonists should bear some of the __________ of protecting France and administering the vast area acquired from ___________ following the French and Indian War. Parliament taxes passed several new _________ defense that shifted some of the _____________ costs to the colonies themselves. One Stamp of these new taxes, the ___________ Act of 1765, required that all printed materials be stamped to indicate paid that a special tax had been _________. monopoly The Crown also pursued its mercantilist policies more actively by instituting a new tea _________________, trade while at the same time enforcing __________ regulations more strictly. Until the French and Indian War, resistence _________________ to British rule was nearly nonexistent. The Crown's attempts to redefine its relationship angry with the colonies, however, triggered an __________ reaction from the colonists, who felt that their taken traditional right to a say in taxation policies was being _____________ away. Colonial Grievances Against the Crown representation "No taxation without ____________________!" was the rallying cry for those who opposed the new policies. In the face of widespread protests by repealed colonists, Parliament ______________ the Stamp Act in 1766 but kept the tax on tea in place. In doing so, Parliament declared explicitly that it still had right the __________ to tax the colonies. As a result of the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the following acts: Boston Port Act Administration of Justice Act Quartering Act Quebec Act The Continental Congress decided to boycott all goods imported from Great Britain beginning December 1, 1774. This measure meant to ensure Parliament’s cooperation in repealing what had become known as the Intolerable Acts. The Intolerable Acts were an attempt by Parliament to limit patriot radicalism in the land known as New England. Summary How did the French and Indian War lead eventually inspire the colonists to form the first Continental Congress? The French and Indian war was fought was fought by Great Britian and France over territory and basically just wanted total contorl over that specific piece of land. And the formation of the first Continental Congress was becasue the British Parliament passed the Intolerate Acts, acts that were used to contorl the actions of the American colonialists. So the French and Indian War inspired the colonists to form the first Continental congress in order to hind British policies overseas.