Constitutional Rights of Filipino Citizens PDF

THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO CITIZENS ARTICLE III: BILL OF RIGHTS Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, freedom, or property without following proper legal procedures Section 2. People have the legal right to be secure from arbitrary searches and seizures...

THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO CITIZENS ARTICLE III: BILL OF RIGHTS Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, freedom, or property without following proper legal procedures Section 2. People have the legal right to be secure from arbitrary searches and seizures of their person, residence, papers, and property. No search or arrest warrant will be issued without probable cause, decided by a court after evaluating sworn statements and evidence. The location to be searched and the objects or people to be seized must be made explicit in the warrant. Section 3. a. Private communications and correspondence are protected and cannot be infringed unless a judge orders it or if the law requires it for public safety or order. b. Evidence collected in violation of this or preceding section is not admissible for any reason in any court of law. Section 4. No law shall impose restrictions on the freedoms of speech, expression, the press, peaceful assembly, or petitioning the government for grievances. Section 5. No law may restrict the freedom of religion or create a state religion. No religious test is necessary to obtain civil or political rights, and religious freedom is protected without discrimination. Section 6. The only way to limit the freedom to decide or relocate is through a valid court order. According to the law, the right to travel may only be restricted for reasons of public safety, national security, or health. Section 7. Access to information about public issues is a right. Subject to legislative restrictions, citizens have the right to examine official records and government papers pertaining to activities, transactions, rulings, and research used to formulate policy. Section 8. Everyone has the freedom to organize into unions, groups, or societies for legitimate reasons, including employees in the public and commercial sectors. This right cannot be restricted. Section 9. Public use of private property is only permitted in exchange for fair compensation. Section 10. No law that compromises the duty of contracts may be passed. Section 11. Poverty should not be a reason for denying someone free access to the courts or legal assistance. Section 12. a. A person who is being investigated for a crime has the right to know that they have the freedom to choose their own attorney and to stay silent. They must be given a lawyer if they are unable to pay for one. Waiving these rights requires written consent and the presence of an attorney. b. No actions that violate upon free will can be used, including torture, force, aggression, threats, or intimidation. Solitary imprisonment, hidden confinement, and secret detention facilities are forbidden. c. In court, any admission or confession made in contravention of this or Section 17 is not admissible. d. In addition to provide compensation and rehabilitation to victims of torture or similar acts and their families, the legislation will enforce fines and civil punishments for violations of this clause. Section 13. Everyone has the right to bail before conviction, with the exception of individuals accused of crimes carrying a life sentence and substantial proof of guilt. Even if habeas corpus is stopped, bail cannot be refused. Overly high bail is not allowed. Section 14. a. No one can be imprisoned for a crime without following the proper procedures. b. Until the accused is proven guilty, they are deemed innocent in criminal trials. They are entitled to a prompt and equitable trial, the ability to confront witnesses, the right to legal representation, the right to know the allegations against them, and the opportunity to compel witnesses and evidence to support their defense. Even if the accused is not present at arraignment, the trial can still go forward as long as they were informed and their absence is not excused. Section 15. If public safety requires it, habeas corpus may only be suspended in invasion or insurrection instances. Section 16. Everyone is entitled to a prompt settlement of their issues before administrative, quasi-judicial, or judicial beings. Section 17. No one can be forced to testify against themselves. Section 18. a. No one can get imprisoned based only on their political views or goals. b. Except in cases when it is used as a punishment for a crime after conviction, involuntary servitude is forbidden. Section 19. a. No person may be subjected to excessive fines or harsh, inhuman, or humiliating punishment. Only serious crimes may warrant the reinstatement of the death sentence by Congress. Life in prison must be substituted for any current death sentences. b. The law will focus on the use of inadequate or substandard prison facilities as well as punishment that is physical, psychological, or degrading. Section 20. Nobody can be imprisoned for not paying a poll tax or for having debt. Section 21. For the same offense, no one can be tried again. A conviction or acquittal under a statute or regulation prevents the same act from being prosecuted again. Section 22. Bills of attainder and ex post facto laws cannot be passed. References Center, I. T. (n.d.). 1987 Philippine Constitution - the LawPhil Project. https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines | GOVPH. (n.d.). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/