Biology Past Paper PDF

Where is the aortic valve located?: Between the left ventricle and left atrium The first sound of heart (Lub) is due to closure of which valve: Atrioventricular Which of the following is NOT type of connective tissue?: Liver cells Which of the following is NOT part of a neuron?: Alveoli Whic...

Where is the aortic valve located?: Between the left ventricle and left atrium The first sound of heart (Lub) is due to closure of which valve: Atrioventricular Which of the following is NOT type of connective tissue?: Liver cells Which of the following is NOT part of a neuron?: Alveoli Which of the following is the lowest level of structural organization of human body?: Chemical Level Where does the pulmonary trunk deliver its blood to?: The lung Which of the following is the Secondary pacemaker of the heart?: AV node The average heart rate in normal adult at rest is ……….. beats per minute: 75 Which of the following increases heart rate?: Sympathetic stimulation Which of the following is a function of membrane protein that binds with neurotransmitters?: Receptors Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the heart?: Pulmonary veins Which of the following synthesizes the Lipid or fats and steroid hormones?: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) The stroke volume of each ventricle in a normal adult is about: 70 ml Which of the cell organelles are tiny granules and made up of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins: Ribosomes Which of the following structure perform functions in cellular growth, maintenance, and reproduction: Cytosol Which of the cell organeles are tiny granules and made up of ribonucleic acid (RNA and proteins): Ribosomes What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle?: Mitral valve or Bicuspid What of the following is the middle layer of the heart wall?: Myocardium The systemic circulation of blood refers to which of the following?: circulation of blood between the heart and the body through aorta Which of the muscle has more than one (multiple) nuclei and it is voluntary muscle?: Skeletal Muscles What are the nonpolar or hydrophobic parts of phospholipid present in the cell membrane?: Tail group Which of the following cell organells is responsible for the packaging and processing proteins?: Golgi bodies How is cardiac output calculated?: By multiplying the heart rate and the stroke volume What is ventricular systole?: Contraction of ventricles Which tissue is supplied with blood via the coronary arteries? The myocardium P wave in electrocardiogram(ECG) represents: Atrial systole The group of cells which perform a specific function is known as?: Tissues Which cell organelle contains digestive enzymes?: Lysosomes In which part of a cell does the process of making ATP from oxygen and glucose take place?: Mitochondria What name is given to the cells in the nervous system that produce nerve impulses or signals?: Neurons Atmospheric pressure is about.....mHg: 760 Which one of the following is NOT produced by the kidneys?: Aldosterone Normal amount of urine excreted per day is about.....: 1.5 L Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?: Urea The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the: Respiratory dead space Urine is clear and amber in color due to presence of: Urobilin Which of the following structure transports the urine from kidney to the urinary bladder?: Ureter In healthy adult, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is about ……… liters/day: 180 In a healthy adult, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is about …… mL/min 125 If glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is too high: substances pass too quickly and are not reabsorbed If glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is too low: nearly all reabsorbed and some waste products not adequately excreted This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi: Trachea At the level of Alveoli in the Lungs, which of the direction of the gases is correct?: Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?: Hemoglobin and oxygen Gas exchange between blood and tissue is known as: Internal Respiration Number of heartbeats per minute is known as: Heart rate Which of the following cells are excitable and able to carry electrical impulses or signals?: Muscular and Nervous The "system circulation " of blood refers to which of the following: Circulation of blood between the heart and the body through Aorta The walls of the trachea are held open be which of the following?: Rings of cartilage This is the structure of the nephron that filters the blood: Glomerular Capsule Number of lobes in the left lungs: 2 1.5% of oxygen (O2) gas in transported is dissolved in: Plasma Oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the respiratory membrane by the process of: Diffusion Which of the following is the primary pacemaker of the heart?: SA Node All cells have a protective barrier that is formed of proteins and a lipid bilayer is called?: Cell Membrane The right atrium receives blood from?: All Parts of the body except Lungs Which of the following tissue is found in body skin and lining cavities hollow organ and tubes?: Epithelium Tissues Hormone is a secretion of?: Endocrine gland The structural and functional unit of life is called?: Cell The part of the nerve cell conducting information away from the cell body is: Axon Which of the following statements about endocrine hormones is always true?: They are released into bloodstream Chemical energy is produced inside the cell in form of?: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Which cell organelle digestive enzymes?: Lysosomes The second sound of the heart (Dup) is due to closure of ………… valve?: Aortic and Pulmonary What are lysosomes, centrosomes, and ribosomes example of?: Cell Organelles The covering membrane present around the heart is known as?: Pericardium 70% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as?: Bicarbonate What is the name for the entry point to the kidney for nerves, blood vessels, ureters and lymphatics?: Hilum The respiratory center is present in?: Brainstem Normal respiratory rate is.... breaths/minute?: 12-15 The extra volume of air that can be inhaled into the lungs during maximal inspiration is termed as?: Inspiratory Reserve Volume 6-7% of Carbon dioxide CO2 is transported in the form of?: Solution in plasma An electrical signal journey from the atria to the ventricles? Via: Atrioventricular bundle (AV) All of the heart valves are open during which stage of the cardiac cycle?: None of the above Urethra is responsible for?: Urine Transportation Hemoglobin is almost completely saturated with Oxygen when the Partial pressure of Oxygen is?: 88 mmHg or above In tissue capillaries, carbon dioxide combines with water inside RBCS to form?: Carbonic Acid The volume of air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration is termed?: Residual Volume Which hormone controls formation of red blood cells?: Erythropoietin Which of the following is present around the nucleus and protects the contents of the nucleus?: Nuclear membrane The branch of medical sciences in which we study the normal function of living organisms is: Physiology Which of the following tissue in the body have functions of protection, absorption, and secretion: Epithelium tissues Which of the following cell organelle contains ribosomes, which synthesize proteins: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Thyroxine hormone is secreted by: Thyroid The major hormone that regulates water loss is: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which of the following ions?: Calcium What structure does the blood from the afferent arteriole enter?: Glomerulus lodine is essential for the formation of which of the following hormone?: Thyroxin What are the two parts of the pituitary gland known as?: Anterior and Posterior What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?: Thyroxine Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Calcitriol and Calcitonin are: The main regulators of calcium in blood What feature does cardiac muscle possess that is missing in skeletal muscle?: Intercalated Discs Slower heart rate is called: Bradycardia Slower respiratory rate is called: Bradypnea Choose the correct sequence of action potential conduction along with the conductive tissues of the heart: SA node → AV node - Bundle of His → Bundle branches How is cardiac output calculated?: By multiplying the heart rate and the stroke volume Total duration of ventricle systole is about.........second: 0.3 Which of the following is known as the powerhouse of the cell?: Mitochondria In a normal ECG trace, what does a QRS wave indicate?: Depolarization of the ventricles Which cell organelle contains digestive enzymes?: Lysosome Which of the following is NOT a major function of the kidney?: Regulation of Heart Rate Which hormone responsible for milk production?: Prolactin (PRL) Balance and Equilibrium are controlled by: Cerebellum Which one of the following is NOT produced by the kidneys?: Aldosterone Total number of pairs of cranial nerves are: 12 Pairs Which cranial nerve responsible for smell?: Olfactory All are Salivary gland except: Pituitary gland All are hormones of anterior pituitary except: Oxytocin Which of the following hormones is secreted by testes?: Testosterone The functional unit of the kidney is called: Nephron Which cranial nerve responsible for vision?: Optic What is the function of the thalamus?: It is a relay center Pituitary is attached to hypothalamus by: Infundibulum Para follicular cells of Thyroid gland secrete: Calcitonin Which of the following is gonadotrophic hormone?: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) What do “sympathetic” and “parasympathetic” divisions refer to?: The autonomic nervous system Salivary amylase secreted by Salivary glands acts on: Starch Which of the following is the largest part of the brain?: Cerebrum Which of the following factors increases oxyhemoglobin dissociation?: High carbon dioxide (CO2) Which of the following structures protects and regulates the temperature of testes?: Scrotum Process of addition in the filtrate is called as?: Reabsorption Which of the following structures together make up the brainstem?: Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain Brown colour of faeces is due to presence of: Stercobilin Which component of gastric juice requires for killing ingested microbes?: Hydrochloric acid Which of the following releases by the posterior pituitary gland?: Oxytocin Elimination of faeces is known as: Defecation What does gonadotrophin releasing hormone do?: Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release both LH and FSH G cells of stomach secrete: Gastrin Which layer around the brain is the most superficial?: Dura mater In healthy adult, Net filtration Pressure (NFP) is about …….. mmHg 10 Which list of structures is presented in the correct order in which urine passes through them on the way to the bladder?: Renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter Pepsin secreted by chief cells of Stomach act on: Protein Parathormone is secreted by ……… gland: Parathyroid Medulla oblongata controls: Heart rate Dwarfism is due to hyposecretion of: Growth Hormone (GH) Which of the following is inner layer of Gastrointestinal tract: Mucosa Which of the following is the site of fertilization?: Uterine tubes Acromegaly is due to hypersecretion of: Growth hormone (GH) Membranous coverings present around the brain and spinal cord known as?: Meninges Which of the following organ is a passageway for air and food?: Pharynx In a nephron, renal corpuscle consists of?: Bowman’s Capsule Which of the following is the primary source of sound production?: Vocal Cords In the wall of heart, myocardium is composed of?: Cardiac muscle Which instrument is required to measure blood pressure?: Sphygmomanometer Which of the following is the part of upper respiratory tract?: Pharynx Which of the following structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea?: Epiglottis In nasal structure, olfactory epithelium is responsible for?: Sense of smell Function of respiratory system includes?: All of the above Where is the aortic valve located?: Between the left ventricle and the aorta Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall?: Suspensory ligament Which of the following cell organelle contain deoxy ribonucleic acid?: Nucleus What are the three main components of plasma membrane?: Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol Which of the following cell organelle is comprised of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubles: Cytoskeleton Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus?: Nuclear membrane Squamous epithelium present in inner lining of the blood vessels also known as: Endothelium Which of the following tissue forms glands?: Epithelial tissues Which one of the following organelles digests the old organelles?: Lysosomes The food that enters the intestine from stomach is called?: Chyme Which of the following cells of alveoli produce surfactant?: Type II alveolar cells Which of the following enzyme convert fat into fatty acid?: Lipase Fertilization of the Ovum usually takes place in the: Uterine tube The heart receives its own oxygenated blood supply via the: Coronary arteries Spinal cord and brain are wrapped in protective membranes known as: Meninges Glomerular filtrate passes from the glomerular capsule and enters into the: Proximal convoluted tubule Which of the following cells produce calcitonin?: C Cells The liver contains several blood vessels. Which one carries nutrient-rich blood from small intestine?: Hepatic portal vein “Bundle of His” is a part of which one of the following organs in humans?: Heart Which of the following is not related to the autonomic nervous system?: Memory and learning Which one of the following is the correct sequence of urine formation?: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion The basic cyclic pattern of inspiration and expiration are established by a respiratory center within the: Medulla oblongata Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?: Ovulation Which of the following transports urine through the renal pyramids to the Minor calyces?: Collecting ducts Males and females both produce specialized reproductive cells called: Gametes Neuroglia cells support and protect ………..: Neurons Which of the following cells specialized to transmit electrical signs?: Nerve cells Which of the following is composed of a single layer of flattened cells?: Squamous epithelium Which of the following is a type of fluid connective tissue?: Blood Which of the following tissues generate force for the movement of the body?: Muscles Albumin is the most important protein in blood serum. It is produced by: Liver Which of the following layers of endometrium is involved in the “shedding” process during menstruation?: Functional layer PQRS complex in electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ……………: Ventricular systole Which of the following is the major function of epithelial cells?: Secretion Which of the muscle is responsible for pumping the blood?: Cardiac muscle Normal amount of bile juice produced daily is ………….. ml: 500-1000 The wall of the Uterus are composed of: Three layers The fusion of the male and female gamete to form zygote is called: Fertilization Bile Juice helps in the process of: Emulsification of fats Plexus (network) of the autonomic nervous system, present in Muscles layer of the gastrointestinal tract is known as?: Myenteric plexus Which of the following tissue is described as non-striated, invoulantary and is not under conscious control?: Smooth muscle Which of the following is the middle layer of Heart wall?: Myocardium Which of the following is an example of endocrine gland?: Thyroid gland The pancreatic juice secreted into?: Duodenum ………. Are the sites of protein synthesis: Ribosomes Which among the following is the functional component of cardiovascular system?: Heart The fluid capsular space exerts pressure against filtration membrane is known as: Capsular hydrostatic pressure The components of thermoregulation includes: All the above In ………….. water and most solutes in blood plasma moves to renal tubule through glomerular capsule: Glomerular filtration An electrocardiogram does not consist of …… wave: M Blood constituent that remain in glomerular capillaries after filtration is: Erythrocytes Which hormone is responsible for tubular reabsorption of Ca2+ (calcium) in kidneys: Parathyroid hormone In cardiac cycle, systole means: Period of contraction Part of respiratory system where gas exchange does not take place is known as: Respiratory dead space An inflammation of the pericardium is known as: Pericarditis It is the mixing and holding chamber of digested food: Stomach How many glands are responsible for salivation?: 3 Among the layers of gastrointestinal tract, in esophagus ……….. attaches to the surroundings: Adventitia Which part of the pharynx function only in respiration?: Nasopharynx Which of the following is complex form of food?: Fats In ………. Digestion, the breakdown of food is done by enzymes: Chemical In mouth, the enzyme ……….. act upon triglycerides: Lingual lipase Plasma membrane is covering membrane present around the cell and consists of: All of the above These are carrier proteins and selectively move substances through the membrane: Transporters The ……………. Surface of epithelial cells face towards the body surface, body cavity, lumen, or duct: Apical surface General function of cardiovascular system is: Transportation In ………… intraventricular pressure overcomes aortic pressure: Ventricular ejection Blood ………. Form a closed system of tubes that carry blood away: Vessels Volume of air inspired of expired during a normal inspiration of expiration is known as: Tidal volume In ………….. process most of filtered water and many solutes return to the bloodstream: Tubular reabsorption Which of the following structure sperms are matured and stored?: Epididymis Which of the following functionally divided into two layers?: Endometrium Which of the following does not release any enzyme?: Esophagus The inner central portion of the ovary known as: Medulla Inactive enzyme pepsinogens are secreted by: Chief cells Which of the following hormones inhibits osteoclasts, thus decreasing blood Ca2+ level: Calcitonin Grave’s disease is due to: Hyperactivity of thyroid gland Which of the following statements about bile is correct?: Bile is a chemical that emulsifies fat within the small intestine Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the uterine wall?: Ovarian ligament Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is true?: Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary Urinary bladder average capacity: 700-800 ml The minimum urinary output is about …….. ml per day: 500 A healthy adult passes from ……… to …….. mL of urine per day: 1000 to 1500 Normal amount of pancreatic juice produced daily is ………….. ml: 1200-1500 How many types of tissues present in human body?: Four How many layers of identical cells are present in simple epithelium tissue?: One The columnar epithelium lining the small intestine is covered with : Microvilli Which of the following is part of the lower respiratory tract?: Trachea The covering membrane present around the Lungs is known as?: Pleural Which of the following is Not the function of the nose?: Transport of air to blood Which of the following connect capillaries to larger veins?: Venules What is ventricular systole? It refers to: Contraction of the ventricles The total duration of cardiac cycle is about ……………. Second: 0.8 Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart wall?: Endocardium Which of the following is a leaf shaped cartilage present in the Larynx?: Arytenoid Which of the following structure is located at the posterior of trachea?: Esophagus How many incomplete (C-shaped) cartilages are present in the trachea?: Between 16 and 20 How many lobs are present in the right lung?: 3 Which of the following are the accessory muscles of respiration?: Intercostal muscles This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body: Metabolism Which part of the respiratory system protects against microorganisms?: Nasal cavity How is most of the oxygen transported in the blood?: Bound to hemoglobin What happens during internal respiration?: Exchanges between blood and tissues What is the main function of the paranasal sinuses in the nasal cavity: Lighten the skull What is the role of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?: Preventing food from entering the larynx What is the primary function of the male reproductive system: To produce spermatozoa Which female reproductive organ produces eggs (ova)?: Ovaries During which process are mature eggs released from the ovaries?: Ovulation Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as facial hair and deepening of the voice?: Testosterone What is the purpose of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?: To transport eggs and provide a site for fertilization Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for sloughing off during menstrual: Stratum Functionalism What is the primary function of the urinary system?: Blood filtration Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Esophagus?: Serosa What is the primary role of the myenteric plexuses in the digestive system: Control Gastrointestinal tract motility Which part of the cardiovascular system carries blood from the heart to tissues?: Arteries What is the primary purpose of heart valves in the cardiovascular system?: To prevent backflow of blood Which sound is heard during the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves close?: Dub (s2) What is the primary function of connective tissue?: Anchoring and linking structures in the body Which term refers to the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?: Hemostasis What type of tissue initiates and transmits action potentials, helping coordinate body activities?: Nervous tissue Endocrine glands release their products directly into the bloodstream. What do they release?: Hormones Which receptors detect changes in temperature and are primarily located in the skin?: Thermoreceptors Which of the following tissues forms a single layer of flattened cells and allows for rapid passage of substances (Diffusion)?: Simple squamous epithelium Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary of skeletal muscles?: Somatic nervous system Which part of the brain connects the cerebrum and the midbrain?: Diencephalon The cerebellum is primarily responsible for: Coordinating movement and balance What is the main function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?: Cushioning the brain The brain's cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid are known as?: Ventricles Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sensory and motor functions between the CNS and the rest of the body?: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Excess growth hormone (GH) secretion during early life can lead to which abnormality?: Gigantism Which cells in the pancreatic islets secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels?: Beta cells The pineal gland is involved in setting the biological clock by producing the hormone: Melatonin Which of the following glands is secreted the Growth hormone in the blood?: Anterior pituitary gland The human body develops from a single cell called?: Zygote Pancreatic duct cells secrete which component of pancreatic juice?: Pancreatic lipase Which hormone stimulates bile release?: Chloecystokinin (CCK) In the ECG, the T wave denotes: Ventricular repolarization Which of these structures has C-shaped cartilage around it?: Trachea What type of epithelium lines the trachea?: Pseudostratified epithelium What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?: Alveoli Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?: Type I pneumocyte Which layer of the heart wall forms a smooth, protective chambers?: Endocardium Which blood vessels arise from the right ventricle?: Pulmonary trunk What is the normal value for blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) in a heart person?: 120/80 mmHg What is the equation for blood pressure?: Peripheral resistance x cardiac output Which pathological condition causes an increase in cardiac output (C.O.P.)?: Hemorrhage Which point describes the respiratory zone?: It is the place where gas exchange occurs Which lung volume describes the volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing?: Tidal volume Which one of the following lung volumes cannot be measured by wet spirometer?: Residual volume In which of the flowing chambers the coronary sinus open?: Right atrium What is the voluntary phase of swallowing?: Oral phase Gastric acid (HCL) is produced by which cells?: Parietal cells Which one of the following heart chambers receives the pulmonary veins?: Left atrium The two major regions of the kidney are: Medulla and Cortex Urine is stored in the bladder and excerted by the process of: Micturition How many number of nephrons are present in the kidney?: 1-2 million The cup shaped structure of nephrons known as: Glomerular capsule How many processes are involved in urine formation?: Three Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the urinary system?: Adrenal gland Which of the following is the function of cerebellum?: Balance Which structure is located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?: Lateral ventricle The central sulcus of the brain lies between which two lobes?: Frontal and parietal How many lobes are present in each cerebral hemisphere?: Four What is the function of the corpus callosum?: Connects two cerebral hemispheres Which of the following is usually NOT found in the urine?: Red blood cells The loop of Henle exists between the: Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule Which hormone controls blood pressure?: Renin The network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is known as: Glomerulus Filtration of the urine takes place through the wall of: Renal corpuscle Amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys per minute: Glomerular filtration rates The total number of spinal nerves are?: 31 pairs Which cell type forms the myelin sheath?: Schwann cells Which of the below contains cerebrospinal fluid?: Subarachnoid space Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations?: The sympathetic division The nervous system is divided into two divisions, what are they called?: Central and Peripheral Cranial nerve 5th is also known as the ………… nerve: Trigeminal Which nerve cells carry impulses from brain to the muscles?: Motor In which part of the brain is the thalamus found?: Diencephalon The number of breaths per minute is called?: Respiratory rate Hypothalamus and thalamus are collectively known as: Diencephalon Urethra is responsible for: Urine transportation The chambers of the heart are divided by: Septae The normal diastolic pressure is: 80 In the blood pressure graph …………. represent the interruption of blood flow: Dicrotic notch Which of the following structure has the thickest wall?: The left ventricle Which period of the heart cycle is representing the ventricles relaxation?: Ventricular diastole Which of these structures has no cartilage in it?: Alveoli The Sodium (Na+) level in the blood is regulated by: Aldosterone Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?: Calcitonin Basal metabolic rate (BMR) regulated by: Thyroid gland Digestion of proteins begins in: Stomach Process of taking food into the alimentary tract is called: Ingestion Which of the following digestive juice that does not contain enzyme but helps in digestion: Bile juice After puberty, the endometrium goes through a regular monthly cycle known as: Menstrual cycle Which of the following are produced by the ovary?: Ova, Estrogen, and progesterone Which of the following produces the male sex hormone?: Ledyig cells How many number of chromosomes are present in human body cells?: 46